混合培养对光合细菌生长量的影响

采用光合细菌不同菌株,光合细菌株与异养细胞株间混合培养,比较它们与单株培养物生长量的差异。试验结果表明,不同组合的混合培养物春生长量均不同程度高于单株培养物。光合细菌株间混合培养物生长量约高于对照０．３６－１７．４％;多数增长１１％以上。光合细菌株与异养细胞     

光合细菌混合培养条件的优化

对沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris,PL1)和球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseuelonmnas spheroids,PL2)混合培养条件进行了优化研究。结果表明,混合培养的最适接种量为6%,最适初始pH为7.5,低氧气浓度,180r/min振荡10min/d。     

光合细菌固定化技术及其应用研究进展

光合细菌是地球上出现最早,且自然界中普遍存在的一种具有原始光能合成体系的原核生物,是处于厌氧环境中可以进行不放氧光合作用的细菌总称。近年来,随着经济的发展与科技进步,光合细菌已被广泛应用到社会生产生活的各个领域。本文总结了光合细菌固定化技术使用的材料和方法,对光合细菌固定化技术在废水处理、生物制氢等方面的应用进行了深入探讨。     

光合细菌产氢研究进展

光合细菌能利用有机废水(废弃物)转化太阳能产生氢能,故应作为环保产业新能源开发的一个重要研究方向。     

微生物混合培养及其应用

简述了混合培养微生物资源及其应用的研究进展。在长期的实验和生产实践中,人们发现很多生物过程是微生物纯培养不能完成或只能微弱进行的,必须依靠两种或两种以上的微生物共同培养完成。对于很多工业污染物、生物农药、纤维素、几丁质的生物降解,微生物混合培养是必要的;微生物混合培养可用于维生素C、维生素B12、组氨酸、缬氨酸、L－苹果酸等发酵生产,还可用于药物的甾体转化、沼气发酵、湿法冶金等。混合培养的微生物资源应受到人们更多的重视。     

光合微生物混菌体系的应用和研究进展

光合微生物与其他异养微生物混菌共培养是近年来的研究热点,该体系弥补了光合微生物纯培养时易染菌、不稳定等缺陷,在污水处理、土壤改善、生物降解有害物质、生产高附加值产物方面拥有广阔的应用前景。文中通过系统总结天然和人工光合微生物混菌体系的研究进展,探究人工构建的光驱动混菌体系的基础理论和应用前景,为进一步利用合成生物学等前沿技术理性改造基于光合微生物的混菌培养系统提供科学依据。     

生态工程领域微生物菌剂研究进展

阐述了微生物菌剂在生态工程领域的应用范围、效果和国内外的研究状况,总结了目前微生物菌剂研制中菌种的选育方法和常用的几类菌,并通过系统举例介绍了乳酸菌、酵母菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌这些常用菌种在污染物处理方面的效果及在废水处理生态工程方面的相关研究进展。同时,阐明了微生物混合培养技术在复合菌剂研究中的重要性,对微生物菌剂的作用机理进行了探讨,指出了目前关于微生物菌剂的研究大多只是集中于应用效果方面,而对作用机理研究得不够深入,以及复合菌系中微生物相互作用和影响的复杂性,并对此提出了一些建议。最后,对微生物菌剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

影响细菌自动培养阳性检出率的若干因素探讨

目的:探讨影响血(体)液细菌自动培养阳性检出率的若干因素,提高培养阳性率.方法:对使用Mini VITAL全自动荧光血培养仪三年多来检验6 223例的结果作回顾性分析.结果:本组阳性检出率28.19%,培养阳性率可因标本种类不同而异;在需氧和厌氧配对培养阳性的1 681例中,有9.88%的病例厌氧培养和12.67%的病例需氧培养未检出感染菌;5天收瓶时限的漏检率为0.29%;培养阳性者的年龄分布有随年龄增大而阳性率升高的趋势(χ2=530.79,P＜0.01).结论:同时做需氧和厌氧培养,阴性收瓶时限不少于5天,适当增加儿童病例血培养采血数量,可进一步提高细菌自动培养阳性率.     

平板混合培养木质纤维素降解菌研究进展

微生物的混合培养已广泛应用于木质纤维素类物质的转化与降解领域.不同木质纤维素降解菌在混合培养时的相互关系在很大程度上影响混合培养的效果.目前对这种相互关系的研究主要依托平板混合培养展开,所用到的平板主要有基础培养基平板和改进培养基平板两种.其中基础培养基平板法主要根据菌落形态、菌丝体颜色、胞外挥发性有机化合物成分和典型胞外酶活性等进行研究,而改进培养基平板则是将基础培养基平板中的碳源更换为天然木质纤维素类物质进行对比研究.本文综述了采用平板混合培养不同木质纤维素降解菌菌株的研究现状和进展,并对该领域研究应重点关注的问题进行了展望.     

2 368株自动培养临床分离菌细菌谱分析

目的：了解本地区血(体)液中临床感染细菌的分布情况。方法：采用Mini VITAL全自动荧光血培养仪和VITEK32自动细菌鉴定仪对我院1999年1月～2002年12月临床送检的8362人份16395瓶血(体)液标本的培养结果作回顾性分析。结果：16395瓶临床血(体)液标本需氧和厌氧培养,3894瓶细菌培养阳性,总阳性率23．8％(血液23．2％,体液28．6％),专性厌氧菌占除甲型副伤寒沙门菌外的其他感染菌的3．7％;共检出各种感染菌41属96种2368株,革兰阴性杆菌：革兰阳性球菌：酵母样真菌=86．0：11．8：0．6;有77．3％的兼性厌氧菌同时在需氧和厌氧环境都生长,10．3％和12．4％只在需氧或厌氧培养中生长。结论：除传染病因素外,血(体)液中的感染菌群组成以革兰阳性球菌为主;同时做血(体液)标本的需氧和厌氧培养,可以提高细菌培养阳性率。     

沙门氏菌增菌培养基中细菌混合培养生长动力学的试验研究

本文就甘露醇亚硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐两种增菌培养基对沙门氏菌各血清变型的选择性增菌作用作了研究。研究述及37℃下沙门氏菌与埃希氏大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、普通变形杆菌三种竞争菌混合培养生长动力学过程,测出了评价增菌培养基优劣的客观指标EI值;按沙门氏菌传统分离方法,对加有终浓度为10~1、10~2、10~4、10~6、10~8个活菌/毫升的沙门氏菌株与正常人大便的两种增菌培养基,经37℃下孵育20至24小时后作SS琼脂平板划线分离和沙门氏菌血清学鉴定。通过两种培养基EI值及沙门氏菌分离结果的比较证实,甘露醇亚硒酸盐培养基对沙门氏菌株的选择性增菌作用明显优越于亚硒酸盐培养基(P<0.001)。     

以固氮菌和解磷菌筛选拮抗作物病害的细菌组合

用选择性培养基从土壤分离筛选了22 种具有固N或解P能力的细菌,不进行纯化,分组混合接种于15种液体培养基,进行继代培养,每代培养48 h.第12代时,各细菌组合的菌类数目及比例达到稳定状态,共获得15个细菌组合,各组合均含有2～3种细菌.对茄黄萎病病原菌(Verticillium dahliae)、棉花立枯病病原菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和黄瓜角斑病病原菌(Pseudomonas syringae)等9种植物病原菌进行平皿抑菌试验,筛选出7个具有抑菌作用的细菌组合,进一步从植株盆栽试验中筛选出6个有防病作用的组合,其中C₇和C₁₅表现出最明显的抑菌防病效果.C₁₅保持了固N能力,C₄、C₅、C₇、C₉、C₁₄和C₁₅保持了解P能力.结果表明,这是一条可获得具有协同作用的、稳定的多功能生防菌剂的途径.     

光合细菌对小麦生长和光合功能的影响

【目的】探明光合细菌对小麦生长、产量及光合功能的影响。【方法】以尧麦16为材料,在不同生长时期施用光合细菌,研究光合细菌对小麦生长、产量及光合功能的影响。【结果】光合细菌培养液的不同成分可提高小麦旗叶SPAD值、光合速率及干物质积累。拔节期施用后,混合菌液对叶片SPAD含量促进作用最大,较不施用对照提高33.6%,小麦干物质积累较对照增加25.7%,单株籽粒重量增效为14.3%。单菌株实验处理中沼泽红假单胞菌促进作用最强,干物质积累和单株籽粒重量较培养基稀释液对照增效均为13.1%。不同施用时期的结果表明沼泽红假单胞菌对灌浆期和拔节期小麦促进效应最强,其中静息细胞可延长叶片功能期,使光合产物持续增加;无细胞培养液通过促进小麦营养生长,进而提高小麦产量。【结论】光合细菌可促进小麦生长,有效提高小麦生育过程中相关光合功能;施用时期应为小麦拔节期和灌浆期;光合细菌对小麦生长和产量促进作用是静息细胞和代谢活性物质综合作用的结果。     

The effects of light quality on the growth of phototrophic bacteria in lakes

The effects of light quality (color) on the ¹⁴CO₂ fixation rates of natural population of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria were tested. The phototrophic bacteria were collected from the sulfide containing waters of 3 stratified lakes. The populations sampled survive in environments where light intensities are very low. Not only are the light intensities low but, due to the light filtering characteristics of the lake water, the light is of specific color. It was determined that the spectral properties of the three lakes differed, hence the quality of light reaching the phototrophic bacteria in each lake differed. It was also observed that only green sulfur bacteria were present in the study lake which transmits mainly red light and both purple and green sulfur bacteria were present in the two study lakes which transmit predominantly green light. Enrichment cultures were set up with phototrophic bacteria from two of the lakes serving as the inocula. Enrichment culture studies and photosynthetic responses of the natural populations indicate that light quality is a major factor in determining the composition of phototrophic bacterial population in some lakes.Non-Common Abbreviations Bchl Bacteriochlorophyll - DPM Disintegrations per minute     

最大或然数法在光合细菌计数中的应用及效果研究

1引言光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria,PSB)是能进行不放氧光合作用的一大类细菌的总称,属水圈微生物,广泛分布于地球生物圈,无论江、河、湖、海,水田、旱地都有存在[3].光合细菌在水体自净、调节微生态平衡、促进动植物生长、增加产量和提高产品质量、防病、固氮等方面具有重要作用[3,22].近年来,光合细菌菌剂在水产养殖、家畜养殖、污水处理及植物生产上的应用日益广泛[3,13,19,27,28,31],相继推出多种产品,包括单菌菌剂、复合菌剂,剂型上有液体菌剂、浓缩菌剂和固体菌剂(粉剂)等[20].为保证产品质量和应用效果,有必要对光合细菌菌剂…     

Trinitrotoluene removal in a soil slurry and soil box systems by an oil-degrading mixed bacterial culture

Bioremediation of trinitrotoluene (TNT)-contaminated soil has proven difficult due to the low bioavailability of the contaminant and its resistance to biocatalytic attack, causing slow rates of biodegradation. We have previously described a mixed bacterial culture acclimated and maintained on crude oil-containing medium that is capable of high rates of TNT biotransformation activity with low production of metabolites. We investigated the ability of this culture to bioremediate TNT-spiked soil and artificially weathered soil slurry systems, as well as a soil box system. The culture was able to remove up to 302 ppm (mg/l) of TNT within 24 h in a spiked-soil slurry system, which is among the highest rates of TNT removal reported to date. The toxicity of artificially weathered TNT-spiked soil to Vibrio fischeri decreased over a period of 39 h from a 15-min EC₅₀ of 15.7 to 32.5 ppm. Preliminary results of a soil box system, in which no agitation was used, showed similar TNT removal to the soil slurry system, with 100 ppm TNT being removed within 24 h.     

Change in microbial communities in acetate- and glucose-fed microbial fuel cells in the presence of light

Power densities produced by microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in natural systems are changed by exposure to light through the enrichment of photosynthetic microorganisms. When MFCs with brush anodes were exposed to light (4000 lx), power densities increased by 8–10% for glucose-fed reactors, and 34% for acetate-fed reactors. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that exposure to high light levels changed the microbial communities on the anodes. Based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries of light-exposed systems the anode communities using glucose were also significantly different than those fed acetate. Dominant bacteria that are known exoelectrogens were identified in the anode biofilm, including a purple nonsulfur (PNS) photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and a dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens. Pure culture tests confirmed that PNS photosynthetic bacteria increased power production when exposed to high light intensities (4000 lx). These results demonstrate that power production and community composition are affected by light conditions as well as electron donors in single-chamber air-cathode MFCs.     

Exploitation of N2-fixation capacity for enrichment of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria in ecological studies

Abstract A procedure is described for the selective enrichment of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria from diverse natural sources containing numerous types of microorganisms. The enrichment medium contains a mixture of organic acid carbon sources, and the conditions used favor the growth of organisms that can multiply relatively rapidly anaerobically with N₂ as the nitrogen source and light as the source of growth energy; the development of oxygenic cyanobacteria is effectively excluded.     

Growth of a facultative anaerobe under oxygen-limiting conditions in pure culture and in co-culture with a sulfate-reducing bacterium

Abstract The occurrence and properties were studied of glucose-metabolizing bacteria present in the anaerobic sediment 5–10 cm below the surface of an estuarine tidal mud-flat. Of all these bacteria (10⁴– 10⁵ per g wet sediment) 80–90% were facultatively anaerobic species. Chemostat enrichments on glucose under aerobic, oxygen-limited and alternately aerobic-anaerobic conditions also yielded cultures dominated by facultative anaerobes. One of the dominant species, tentatively identified as a Vibrio sp., was studied in more detail under oxygen-limiting conditions. Fermentative and respiratory metabolisms were found to operate simultaneously, and the ratio between the two was regulated by the extent of oxygen limitation. A small fraction of the acetate formed under such growth conditions was shown to be subsequently respired. A co-culture was established of the Vibrio sp. and a sulfate-reducing bacterium ( Desulfovibrio HL21 ) in an aerated chemostat. The importance of these observations is discussed in relation to the role of facultative anaerobes in anaerobic habitats.