高产大豆异黄酮糖苷水解酶菌株的发酵工艺研究*

Absidia sp．R是从酒曲中分离出的一株产大豆异黄酮糖苷水解酶活性较高的菌株。该菌最佳产酶条件为：2．5％的麦麸为碳源,1％的硝酸钠为氮源,培养基起始pH为7．0,瓶装量为40mL/250mL,接种量8％,培养温度为30℃,转数为160r／min,培养时间为84h,其酶活力可达到82U／mL。除Cu^2 对该菌产酶有较强的抑制作用外,金属离子对产酶影响不大。     

红树林微生物DH-2胞外蛋白酶的性质及产酶条件优化

从大亚湾红树林土壤样品中分离得到产蛋白酶菌株,鉴定所产胞外蛋白酶的酶学性质以及菌株的最佳发酵培养条件。采用平板透明圈法筛选菌株,福林酚显色法测定蛋白酶的酶活,通过单因素和正交试验确定其最佳发酵培养基以及发酵条件。从壤样品中分离得到一株产蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌DH-2,该菌株分泌的蛋白酶最适反应pH和温度分别为8.0和65℃,50℃保温处理60 min后,剩余酶活仍保留80%以上。该蛋白酶对多种金属离子、有机溶剂及表面活性剂均有较好的耐受性。确定该菌株产蛋白酶的最适条件:1%(m/V,下同)可溶性淀粉,1%胰蛋白胨、1%NaCl,初始pH 5.5及7%的接种量,40℃培养36 h。在最适条件下测得其发酵液的酶活为236.30 U/mL,约为初筛时的酶活的8倍。该蛋白酶具有较为广阔的作用温度和pH范围,金属离子、有机溶剂及表面活性剂耐受性好,酶的性质比较稳定。     

黑曲霉GD-6纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

采用黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger)GD 6液体发酵生产纤维素酶 ,研究了碳源、氮源、培养基起始 pH值、接种量、摇床转速、通气量对该菌株产纤维素酶活力的影响。结果表明 ,GD 6的最适发酵温度为 2 8～ 3 0℃ ,产酶pH为 5 .5～ 6.0 ,摇床最适转速为 1 5 0r/min ,最佳接种量为 1 0 %。在以 6.0 %稻草粉为碳源、1 %豆饼粉为氮源时产酶活力最高。在最适培养条件下 ,发酵周期为 1 2 0h,发酵液中CMC酶活为 1 88.6U/mL ,FP酶活为 2 7.0U/mL。     

β-葡聚糖酶高产菌株BS9418F的选育及其发酵条件的研究

经60 Coγ射线辐照处理获得的诱变菌株芽孢杆菌BS9418F ,其产酶活力比出发菌株提高 30 %以上。该菌株以大麦粉 7%、玉米粉 3%、豆粕 3%及适量无机盐为培养基最佳配比 ,其最适培养条件为 :培养基初始 pH 7.0 ,摇瓶装量 5 0mL/ 30 0mL三角瓶 ,种龄 16～ 2 0h ,接种量 2 %～ 3% ,培养温度 36～ 37℃ ,发酵周期 40h。在优化条件下 ,摇瓶发酵产 β 葡聚糖酶活力高达 5 5 0 0u/mL以上 ,比出发菌株初始发酵水平提高了 4倍以上     

氧化铁鞘细菌铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及其酶学特性的研究

对氧化铁鞘细菌FC990 1菌株的铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及酶学特性进行了研究。菌株最适产酶培养基为 (g/L) :柠檬酸铁胺 10g ,NaNO3 1.2g,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,K2 HPO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,CaCl2 0 .0 15g ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0 .0 0 0 5g。最适产酶条件为 :温度 30℃ ,起始pH7.0 ,接种量 2 % ,15 0mL三角瓶装 5 0mL ,15 0r/min振荡培养 72h。铁氧化酶最适pH为7.5 ,最适温度为 30℃。金属离子Ca2 、Mg2 、Zn2 对酶有激活和稳定作用 ;Cu2 、Hg2 、Al3 则抑制酶的活性 ;Fe2 、K 、Na 对酶活性影响不明显。     

枯草芽胞杆菌甲壳素脱乙酰酶的筛选及酶学性质*

从海洋泥土中分离出产甲壳素脱乙酰酶菌株,确定该菌株为产碱属芽孢杆菌,其产酶适宜培养条件为：pH4．0,添加金属离子Ca^2 ,培养时间为80h,温度为350℃。所得甲壳素脱乙酰酶作用的最适温度为40℃～50℃,最适pH为4．5-5．0之间。     

中国冰川1号产适冷蛋白酶耐冷菌的分离鉴定及产酶条件

从中国冰川 1号样品分离获得一株产适冷蛋白酶耐冷菌株SYP- A2 - 3,鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluscereus)。该菌生长温度范围为 0～ 38℃ ,最适生长温度 2 5℃ ,而最适产酶温度为 15℃。所产蛋白酶为中性金属蛋白酶 ,最适催化温度为 4 2℃ ,低温催化活力较高 ,适宜作用pH为 7. 0～ 8 .5 ,SDS PAGE测定的分子量为 34 2kD。SYP A2 3产酶条件的研究结果显示酪蛋白是较好的氮源 ,葡萄糖、淀粉是较好的碳源 ,产酶最佳pH为 6. 5～ 7. 0 ,在优化的条件下 ,15℃摇瓶产酶达到 380 0U mL ,5L发酵罐通气培养产酶达 4 80 0U mL。     

产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌的筛选、产酶发酵及粗酶性质研究

目的：筛选产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株,扩大脂肪酶的应用范围。方法：利用维多利亚蓝B平板显色法和摇瓶发酵法,从土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株,通过菌落形态和菌体特征观察初步对菌种进行鉴定,并对该菌株的产酶发酵培养基进行了优化。结果：得到一株产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株sybc—li一1,该菌株适宜产酶培养基（％）为淀粉1、牛肉浸膏1、NaNO3 0．08、CaCl2 0．04、MgSO4 0．04、橄榄油2和OP1;初始DH8、30℃、200r／min培养72h,脂肪酶活力可高达到30．2U／mL;所产脂肪酶粗酶最适作用温度20℃,最适pH9．5,0℃时仍能保持70％的酶活性,属于低温酶;该酶与目前报道的低温脂肪酶相比,有较好的热稳定性,粗酶在pH8．5、70℃条件下保温60mla,酶活力损失30％。结论：该菌株为自然环境中筛选的非极端细菌,所产脂肪酶为低温脂肪酶,在开发应用上有良好的前景。     

Bohaisea-9145海洋低温碱性脂肪酶研究

从 2 0 0 0多份渤海海区海水海泥样品中分离获得一株新型脂肪酶高产菌株BohaiSea 914 5 ,经鉴定为适冷性海洋酵母 (Yarrowialipolytica)。菌株在以豆饼粉、棉籽饼粉和花生粕作为碳氮源并添加 0 5 %花生油的培养基中能较好地生长产酶 ,最适产酶温度 2 6± 1℃ ,产酶周期为 2 3h。所得脂肪酶的最适反应温度为 35℃ ,最适pH 8 5 ,pH4 0～ 9 0范围内稳定 ,热稳定性差。该酶与常见金属离子和化学试剂的配伍性较好 ,受表面活性剂SDS的激活 ,且具有良好的耐盐及抗氧化特性 ,是一种新型的海洋低温碱性脂肪酶 ,在洗涤剂行业特别是冷洗行业中具有良好的应用前景     

响应面法优化有机溶剂极端耐受性菌株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产脂肪酶条件

Burkholderia sp．脂肪酶具有较高的有机溶剂耐受性和转酯活性,广泛应用于手性化合物的拆分。本研究利用统计学方法对一株具有有机溶剂极端耐受性的脂肪酶高产茵株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002在摇瓶培养条件下产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验,首先确定了最适碳源、氮源、诱导荆等。以Plackett—Burrman设计筛选影响Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产酶的主要因素,通过最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析法确定产酶最适条件。K2HP04、大豆油乳化液和起始RH确定为影响菌株产酶的3个主效因素。最佳产酶条件为：糊精0．3％（W／V）,牛肉膏2．0％（W／V）,MgSO4．7H2O．075％（W／V）,K2HPO4 0．14％（W／V）,大豆油乳化液4．89％（V／V）,pH8．11,玻璃珠10颗／瓶,接种量2．0％（V／V）,30℃,250r／min,发酵时间22h。在此条件下,发酵液脂肪酶酶活最高达45．6U／mL,较发酵基本培养基发酵液的脂肪酶酶活提高了3．44倍。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.