Current Status of the Treatment of Syphilis

Penicillin remains the treatment of choice for syphilis, with sustained low blood levels curing virtually all patients having early syphilis and halting disease progression in most patients with symptomatic syphilis. Tetracycline, erythromycin or cephalothin yields similar cure rates for patients with early syphilis who are allergic to penicillin. The efficacy of non-penicillin regimens for the treatment of late syphilis is uncertain. Results of Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) or other reagin tests should become negative or remain at very low titer following adequate therapy, although results of Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS) tests often remain positive.     

胆管癌的诊疗现状

胆管癌是一类高度威胁人类健康的消化道恶性肿瘤,近年来,其全球发病率、死亡率显著增加。但由于发病隐匿而无法早期确诊,病因不明,治疗手段有限,有效的根治性切除率很低,并且术后肿瘤的复发率高,目前在治疗上仍是一个巨大的挑战。随着人们对其生物学特性的深入研究及诊断技术的进步,越来越多新的诊断、治疗方法被应用,人们对胆管癌的治疗理念也在不断的更新。     

INTESTINAL ADHESIONS-Present Status of Prevention and Treatment

Although many treatments have been proposed for the prevention of intestinal adhesions, none has been completely effective. For bowel obstruction due to adhesions the initial approach should be conservative. If operation becomes necessary, the best results depend on avoidance of trauma and infection, division of adhesions with cautery, use of mesothelial grafts, instillation of intraperitoneal hyaluronidase and stimulation of early postoperative peristalsis. In the event of massive adhesions or failure of other treatment, intestinal plication is the treatment of choice.     

Dangers of Treatment of Status Epilepticus with Diazepam

The results of treatment of 25 patients admitted from psychiatric institutions indicate that diazepam is the drug of first choice in the treatment of status epilepticus. The dangers of treatment appeared to result from combined use with other drugs. Respiratory depression occurred in one patient and hypotension in five patients, all of whom had been given intramuscular phenobarbitone in addition to intravenous diazepam. The two serious cases of hypotension had also been given parenteral paraldehyde.     

早期胃癌的治疗现状与进展

胃癌是常见的消化道肿瘤之一,是我国死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。与日本韩国等发达国家相比,我国胃癌患者多数在就诊时已处于进展期,早期胃癌所占比例不足10%。传统的开腹胃癌手术仍是治疗早期胃癌的主要手段。相较于传统开腹手术,腹腔镜手术对于早期胃癌的治疗优势是显而易见的。早期胃癌患者行腹腔镜手术,具有术后恢复快,生活质量好,近期疗效佳等优势。内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD,endoscopic submucosal dissection)是近年来出现的一项新的治疗早期胃癌的手段。本文就传统开腹手术、腹腔镜手术及ESD分别在早期胃癌治疗中的应用进行了综述。微创手术治疗早期胃癌将逐渐代替开腹手术,成为早期胃癌治疗的主要手段。     

慢性肾功能衰竭的治疗现状及研究前景

CRF是威胁人类健康及生命的常见病之一,近年来平均每年以约8%的速度在增长。依靠慢性肾功能衰竭肾脏母体及机体的再生潜能在脱细胞基质支架上修复重建肾脏结构与功能,这将是慢性肾功能衰竭治疗的一种全新的途径。而去细胞基质在组织工程、干细胞及再生医学的大量应用为解决组织器官的修复和重建等难题带来了希望。本文就目前CRF的治疗现状及、肾脏组织工程研究前景进行简要综述。     

盆底功能障碍性疾病的现状与治疗进展

女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD)以盆腔器官脱垂和压力性尿失禁为常见的主要问题,是影响中老年妇女健康和生活质量的严重问题.最新研究进展包括吊床假说、盆底整体理论、阴道支持结构的三个水平理论.治疗包括保守治疗与手术治疗,保守治疗最主要的是生物反馈联合电刺激,手术治疗主要有经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术(TVT-0)和全盆底修复手术(PROLIFT)等,这些手术的并发症包括网片暴露、侵蚀、突出等,严重影响患者的预后.本文将就盆底功能障碍性疾病的现状与治疗进展做一综述.