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1.
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in the family Solanaceae. However, the number of polymorphic molecular loci detected in this important crop is far behind that of other cultivated
plant species. In the present study, a total of 45 microsatellite primer pairs were developed using Capsicum expressed sequence tags databases. Microsatellite primer pairs were tested using several species of Capsicum and several genera in the family Solanaceae including tomato, potato, eggplant, and tobacco. Results indicated that microsatellite primer pairs amplified genomic targets
of C. annuum L., Capsicum baccatum L., Capsicum chacoense L., Capsicum chinense L., Capsicum frutescens L., and Capsicum pubescens Ruiz et Pavon, indicating species transferability within Capsicum. Further analyses revealed that amplicons of these primer pairs segregated 1:2:1 or 3:1 Mendelian fashions in 38 F2 individuals of pepper. It was also noted that markers derived from sequences containing dinucleotide repeats were generally
more polymorphic at the intraspecific level than sequences containing trinucleotide repeats. All the microsatellite primer
pairs developed in this study will be useful for marker-assisted selection and mapping studies in pepper. 相似文献
2.
Since the identification of BRI1-Associated receptor Kinase 1 (BAK1), a member of the Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase
(SERK) family, the dual functions of BAK1 in BR signaling and innate immunity in Arabidopsis have attracted considerable attention
as clues for understanding developmental processes that must be balanced between growth and defense over the life of plants.
Here, we extended our research to study cellular functions of OsSERKs in rice. As it was difficult to identify an authentic
ortholog of AtBAK1 in rice, we generated transgenic rice in which the expression of multiple OsSERK genes, including OsBAK1, was reduced by OsBAK1 RNA interference. Resulting transgenic rice showed reduced levels of Os-BAK1 and decreased sensitivity to BL, leading to semidwarfism in overall growth. Moreover, they resulted in abnormal growth patterns,
especially in leaf development. Most of the OsBAK1RNAi transgenic rice plants were defective in the development of bulliform cells in the leaf epidermal layer. They also showed
increased expression level of pathogenesis-related gene and enhanced susceptibility to a rice blast-causing fungal pathogen,
Magnaporthe oryzae. These results indicate that OsSERK genes, such as OsBAK1, play versatile roles in rice growth and development. 相似文献
3.
Fifteen-day-old variety NA 56-79 sugar cane seedlings were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus intrarradix. This article aims at examining changes in sugar cane root seedlings inoculated with Glomus intrarradix and Azospirillum brasilense, the increase in microbial biomass and the acetylene reduction process as well. The internal root colonization was studied
20 days after inoculation using scanning and a transmission electron microscope. Both microorganisms entered the sugar cane
root through the emergent lateral roots. The microorganisms were capable of coexisting both intra and intercellularly, producing
changes in the cell wall, thus allowing colonization and interaction between the organisms. These changes increased the number
of microorganisms inside the root as well as acetylene nitrogen reduction. Sugar cane plant biomass increased with joint-inoculation.
The number of endophytic microorganisms and nitrogen fixing activity increased when they were colonized by Azospirillum and Glomus together. 相似文献
4.
The maT clade of transposons is a group of transposable elements intermediate in sequence and predicted protein structure to mariner and Tc transposons, with a distribution thus far limited to a few invertebrate species. We present evidence, based on searches of publicly available databases, that the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae has several maT-like transposons, which we have designated as CbmaT elements, dispersed throughout its genome. We also describe two additional transposon sequences that probably share their evolutionary history with the CbmaT transposons. One resembles a fold back variant of a CbmaT element, with long (380-bp) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that show a high degree (71%) of identity to CbmaT1. The other, which shares only the 26-bp ITR sequences with one of the CbmaT variants, is present in eight nearly identical copies, but does not have a transposase gene and may therefore be cross mobilised by a CbmaT transposase. Using PCR-based mobility assays, we show that CbmaT1 transposons are capable of excising from the C. briggsae genome. CbmaT1 excised approximately 500 times less frequently than Tcb1 in the reference strain AF16, but both CbmaT1 and Tcb1 excised at extremely high frequencies in the HK105 strain. The HK105 strain also exhibited a high frequency of spontaneous induction of unc-22 mutants, suggesting that it may be a mutator strain of C. briggsae. 相似文献
5.
6.
Epigenetic modifications of histone play important roles for regulation of cell activity, such as cell division, cell death,
and cell differentiation. A SET domain consisting of about 130 amino acids has lysine methyltransferase activity in the presence
of the cosubstrate S-adenosyl-methionine. More than 60 SET domain-containing proteins have been predicted in various organisms.
One of them, the SMYD family genes which contain a SET domain and a zinc-finger MYND domain are reported to regulate cell
cycle and muscle formation. Here we examined the expression and function of smyd1 and 2 in Xenopus. smyd1 and 2 were expressed in various muscle tissues. While smyd1 expression was observed mainly in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle, smyd2 expression was done abundantly in skeletal muscle and face region. Moreover, by loss-of-function experiments using antisense
morpholino oligonucleotides, it was suggested that smyd1 and 2 related to muscle cells differentiation. 相似文献
7.
The present study on efficacy of different Glomus species, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (G. aggregatum, G. fasciculatum, G. mosseae, G. intraradices) on various growth parameters such as biomass, macro and micronutrients, chlorophyll, protein, cytokinin and alkaloid content
and phosphatase activity of pink flowered Catharanthus roseus plants showed that all Glomus species except G. intraradices enhanced the chlorophyll, protein, crude alkaloid, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese and copper contents of C. roseus plants along with phosphatase activity significantly over uninoculated plants. However only G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum exhibited superior symbiotic relationship with the plant. G. mosseae was found to be the best for increasing the crude alkaloid content (8.19%) in leaf and also in increasing the quantity of
important alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. 相似文献
8.
Thelander M Nilsson A Olsson T Johansson M Girod PA Schaefer DG Zrÿd JP Ronne H 《Plant molecular biology》2007,64(5):559-573
The yeast Snf1, animal AMPK, and plant SnRK1 protein kinases constitute a family of related proteins that have been proposed
to serve as metabolic sensors of the eukaryotic cell. We have previously reported the characterization of two redundant SnRK1
encoding genes (PpSNF1a and PpSNF1b) in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Phenotypic analysis of the snf1a snf1b double knockout mutant suggested that SnRK1 is important for the plant’s ability to recognize and adapt to conditions of
limited energy supply, and also suggested a possible role of SnRK1 in the control of plant development. We have now used a
yeast two-hybrid system to screen for PpSnf1a interacting proteins. Two new moss genes were found, PpSKI1 and PpSKI2, which encode highly similar proteins with homologues in vascular plants. Fusions of the two encoded proteins to the green
fluorescent protein localize to the nucleus. Knockout mutants for either gene have an excess of gametophores under low light
conditions, and exhibit reduced gametophore stem lengths. Possible functions of the new proteins and their connection to the
SnRK1 kinase are discussed. 相似文献
9.
10.
Two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria––Sinorhizobium meliloti RMP1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa GRC2 were studied for integrated nutrient management to obtain improved yield of Brassica juncea. Low concentrations of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) stimulated the growth of both S. meliloti RMP1 and P. aeruginosa GRC2. 1 M of urea and 0.35 M of DAP was found lethal for RMP1, while 1.3 M and 0.37 M concentrations of urea and DAP proved to
be toxic for GRC2. Lc50 was observed as 0.49 M of urea and 0.15 M of DAP for RMP1, and 0.66 M urea and 0.18 M of DAP for GRC2. Urea and DAP adaptive variants of RMP1 and GRC2 was isolated. Adaptive bacterial variants had better growth rates at sub-lethal (Lc50) concentrations of urea and DAP as compared to non-adaptive variants. They also retained plant growth promoting attributes
similar to non adaptive variants. GRC2 and RMP1 did not affect the growth of each other and were chemotactically active for DAP, urea as well as root exudates of
B. juncea. Both the isolates colonized well in the rhizosphere of B. juncea, as their populations were recorded ≈5 log10 cfu g−1 after 120 days. Interestingly, the colonization ability was found even better when both strains were co-inoculated, as their
population was recorded in the range of ≈6 log10 cfu g−1 after 120 days. In field trials, application of RMP1 and GRC2 resulted in significant increase in biomass and yield of B. juncea as compared to control. However, yield was better with application of half dose and full dose of recommended fertilizers.
Interestingly, the biomass as well as yield improved further when both isolates were applied together along with half dose
of recommended fertilizers. 相似文献
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12.
Telomeric DNA-binding proteins (TBPs) are crucial components that regulate the structure and function of eukaryotic telomeres and are evolutionarily conserved. We have identified two homologues of AtTBP1 (for Arabidopsis thaliana telomeric DNA binding protein 1), designated as AtTBP2 and AtTRP2, which encode proteins that specifically bind to the telomeric DNA of this plant. These proteins show extensive homology with other known plant TBPs. The isolated C-terminal segments of these proteins were capable of sequence-specific binding to duplex telomeric plant DNA in vitro. DNA bending assays using the Arabidopsis TBPs revealed that AtTBP1 and AtTBP2 have DNA-bending abilities comparable to that of the human homologue hTRF1, and higher than those of AtTRP1 and AtTRP2. 相似文献
13.
Stefanie Kimbacher Ingrid Gerstl Branko Velimirov Sylvia Hagemann 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(2):165-172
P transposons belong to the eukaryotic DNA transposons, which are transposed by a cut and paste mechanism using a P-element-coded transposase. They have been detected in Drosophila, and reside as single copies and stable homologous sequences in many vertebrate species. We present the P elements Pcin1, Pcin2 and Pcin3 from Ciona intestinalis, a species of the most primitive chordates, and compare them with those from Ciona savignyi. They showed typical DNA transposon structures, namely terminal inverted repeats and target site duplications. The coding
region of Pcin1 consisted of 13 small exons that could be translated into a P-transposon-homologous protein. C. intestinalis and C. savignyi displayed nearly the same phenotype. However, their P elements were highly divergent and the assumed P transposase from C. intestinalis was more closely related to the transposase from Drosophila melanogaster than to the transposase of C. savignyi. The present study showed that P elements with typical features of transposable DNA elements may be found already at the base of the chordate lineage.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
To study the effect of the ret1-1 mutation on the secretome, the glycosylation patterns and locations of the secretory proteins and glycosyltransferases responsible
for glycosylation were investigated. Analyses of secretory proteins and cell wall-associated glycoproteins showed severe impairment
of glycosylation in this mutant. Results from 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) indicated defects in the glycosylation
and cellular localization of SDS-soluble cell wall proteins. Localization of RFP-tagged glycosyltransferase proteins in ret1-1 indicated an impairment of Golgi-to retrograde transport at a non-permissive temperature. Thus, impaired glycosylation caused
by the mislocalization of ER resident proteins appears to be responsible for the alterations in the secretome and the increased
sensitivity to ER stress in ret1-1 mutant cells. 相似文献
15.
Two fold increase in the yield of glucose and maltose containing exo-polysaccharide (EPS) by Rhizobium sp. was observed during its growth in modified YEMB. EPS production, plant growth promotion activity and root colonization
of Rhizobium sp. studies showed enhanced EPS synthesis, more seed germination and over all improvement in plant growth over control and
R. meliloti treatment. Groundnut seeds bacterized with Rhizobium sp. resulted in 69.75% more root length, 49.51% more shoot height, 13.75% more number of branches and 13.60% more number
of pods over the control and R. meliloti treatment. Bacterization of wheat seeds increased the dry matter yield of roots (1.7-fold), and roots adhering soil (RAS)
(1.5) and shoot mass (1.9-fold). Rhizobium sp. inoculation also increased the population density of EPS-producing bacteria on the rhizoplane. Roots of plants inoculated
with Rhizobium sp. maintained a higher K+/Na+ ratio and K+–Na+ selectivity. 相似文献
16.
Philippe Castagnone-Sereno Jean-Philippe Semblat Chantal Castagnone 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(5):547-554
In eukaryotes, repeat proteins (i.e. proteins that contain a tandem arrangement of repeated structural elements) are often
considered as an extra source of variability, and gains and losses of repeats may be an important force driving the evolution
and diversification of such proteins, that could allow fast adaptation to new environments. Here, we report genomic sequences
of the MAP-1 protein family from of the asexual, plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The encoded proteins exhibited highly conserved repeats of 13 and 58 aa, and variation in the number and arrangement of
these repeats in the MAP-1 proteins was correlated with nematode (a)virulence, suggesting a possible role in the specificity
of the plant–nematode interaction. Search in the complete genome sequence of M. incognita confirmed that a small gene family encoding proteins harboring conserved 58 and 13 aa-repeats is present in this nematode,
and that the repetitive region of these proteins is modular. Both gene duplication and intragenic gain and loss of repeats
have contributed to the complex evolutionary history of the map-1 gene family, and active selection pressure of the plant host probably induced recent additional gene loss, finally resulting
in the present-day gene and repeat diversity observed among nematode lines. The genomic differences characterized here between
avirulent and virulent individuals are assumed to reflect, at the DNA level, the adaptive capacity of these asexual root-knot
nematodes. 相似文献
17.
18.
In vertebrate development the Dickkopf protein family carries out multiple functions and is represented by at least four different genes with distinct biological activities. In invertebrates such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis, Dickkopf genes have so far not been identified. Here we describe the identification and characterization of a Dickkopf gene with a deduced amino acid sequence closely related to that of chicken Dkk-3 in the basal metazoan Hydra. HyDkk-3 appears to be the only Dickkopf gene in Hydra. The gene is expressed in the gastric region in nematocytes at a late differentiation stage. In silico searches of EST and genome databases indicated the absence of Dkk genes from the protostomes Drosophila and Caenorhabditis, whereas within the deuterostomes, a Dkk-3 gene could be identified in the genome of the urochordate Ciona intestinalis. The results indicate that at an early stage of evolution of multicellularity Dickkopf proteins have already played important roles as developmental signals. They also suggest that vertebrate Dkk-1, 2 and 4 may have originated from a common ancestor gene of Dkk-3.H. Fedders and R. Augustin contributed equally to this workEdited by D. Tautz 相似文献
19.
To understand the molecular mechanism of ovule development, a MADS box gene,HoMADS 1, has been isolated from the ovule tissues of Hyacinthus. Sequence comparison showed that HoMADS 1 is highly homologous to both class C and D genes. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests that HoMADS 1 is most likely a class D MADS box gene. RNA hybridization revealed that HoMADS 1 was exclusively expressed in the ovules. Over-expressing HoMADS 1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants produced ectopic carpelloid structures, including ovules, indicating that HoMADS 1 is involved in the determination of carpel and ovule identities. Interestingly, during in vitro flowering, no HoMADS 1 mRNA was detected in the floral tissues at high level hormones in the media. However, HoMADS 1 mRNA accumulated in the floral tissues when the regenerated flowers were transferred to the media containing low level hormones
which could induce in vitro ovule formation. Our data suggest that the induction of HoMADS 1 by plant hormones may play important roles during ovule initiation and development in the regenerated flower. Whether HoMADS 1 expression is also regulated by cytokinin and auxin during ovule development in planta remains to be investigated. 相似文献
20.
Phylogenetic relations within the genus Gordonia were analyzed using partial gyrB and secA1 gene sequences of 23 type species in comparison with those of 16S rRNA gene. The gyrB and secA1 phylogenies showed agreement with that constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The degrees of divergence of the gyrB and secA1 genes were approximately 3.4 and 1.7 times greater, respectively, than that of 16S rRNA gene. The gyrB gene showed more discriminatory power than either the secA1 or 16S rRNA gene, facilitating clear differentiation of any two Gordonia species using gyrB gene analysis. Our data indicate that gyrB and secA1 gene sequences are useful as markers for phylogenetic study and identification at the species level of the genus Gordonia. 相似文献