我想邂逅一只獾

<正>当窗外猫头鹰的"咕咕"声和外公的呼噜声配成一首滑稽的奏鸣曲,我知道,夜已经很深了。穿好衣服,提上鞋子,我蹑手蹑脚地溜出家门。今晚,对,趁着夜深人静,我要独自走入森林,找到外公提到过的那棵老橡树。哪怕田鼠啃咬我的脚趾,虫虫钻进我的衣领,我都会在树下屏住呼吸,耐心守候,因为……     

魔鬼熊不是坏家伙

无聊的寒假,无聊的阿拉斯加,没有电子游戏,没有小伙伴,最讨厌的是……阿,阿嚏!这鬼天气简直要把人冻成冰棍。一下飞机,盖瑞就在心里一个劲儿地抱怨。为了写一本关于鹰的书,盖瑞的作家老妈带着他,哦不,应该是硬拽着他来到了偏远的阿拉斯加,美其名曰:在冰天雪地中亲近自然。     

森林捕狼计中计

爱尔兰多尼戈尔郡郊外,一座名叫贝利的宏伟庄园内。庄园主帕克先生站在巨大的落地玻璃窗前,用食指和大拇指轻轻捏着餐巾一角,优雅从容地抹掉嘴边的一丁点儿花生酱。我的庄园怎么样?尊敬的朱莉小姐!帕克转过身,对身边一位戴着鸟羽装饰帽,衣着华贵的漂亮女士说道。恕我直言,帕克先生。朱莉耸耸肩,您的庄园很美,有花草,有庭院,有骏马,有天鹅,但依我看,它太过柔美了。我听说,在都柏林,时髦的绅士们喜欢给自己的庄园加些野性力量。您知道,温克     

十二生肖(十二属种)动物与人类进化论——人类起源的探索(三)

地球上十二属种动物与人类的关系存在决定意识,人们的社会存在决定人们的社会(思想)意识。人类产生“十二兽”观念并制订,实行十二兽历法,正是人类自身起源于“十二兽”的先祖这一客观事实在人们头脑中的反映。十二兽:我国又称十二禽,十二属,十二物,十二生肖等。所谓十二兽,我国汉族是指鼠,牛,虎,兔,龙,蛇,马,羊,猴,鸡,狗,猪。让我们从十二兽历法的产生和起源来探讨地球上十二属种动物(十二兽)的先祖与人类进化的关系。世界上四大文明古国———中国、印度、埃及和巴比伦各有其“十二兽历法”,内容上大同小异。中国汉族:鼠,牛,虎,兔,龙,蛇,…     

广西容县84例狂犬病流行病学分析及预防对策

目的 通过对容县2000～2007年84例狂犬病流行病学特点进行分析,探讨流行回升的因素,分析目前防治过程中存在的问题,提出狂犬病的预防对策和措施.方法 收集2000～2007年容县狂犬病疫情报告资料及对狂犬病病例的个案调查资料进行分析.结果 近年来,容县狂犬病疫情明显上升,成为有史以来流行高峰,最高年发病率3.04/10万.发病以农民,学生为主,男性多于女性,全年均有病例发生,无明显季节性,狂犬病暴露动物以犬伤为主,暴露部位以头颈部为最危险,潜伏期最短.结论 为有效预防狂犬病流行,应进一步建立完善犬类的管理的法律、法规,使预防狂犬病进入法制轨道,以有效控制狂犬病流行.伤后未能及时正确处理,暴露后免疫率低,是狂犬病发生的重要原因.加强宣传,提高狂犬病的防控知识,政府部门齐抓共管,采取综合性防控措施,才能有效控制狂犬病的流行.     

生物柴油植物桉树类叶油的开发利用

按树是我国南方地区常见的常绿树种,我们经过较长时间的调研和资料整理,认为桉树类的枝叶油与柴油的理化性质十分接近,是非常好的内燃机燃料油的代用品。而且,蒸馏按树油与绿化荒山、培育用材林矛盾不大,建设按树油基地不仅可以解决燃料油的短缺,也可培植用材林,带动地方经济的发展,增加农民收入,是一举多得的事业。     

聆听草语

出小小的村落,一直往南走,有一片辽阔的草地。任那向阳的坡坝上,长着墨绿色的草儿们。浓浓的,密密的,人丁旺盛,不像园圃那么单调。蒲公英、野艾、沙拉秧、芨芨草、酢浆草、抽筋草、马齿苋、野羊姜……这些草常常迷幻了我的心与眼。我分不清它们的性别,更不甚清楚它们归属哪个"门派"。眼熟的几个叫着名字,剩下的含混着打个招呼,像人群中那些混个脸熟却不知名姓的人一样。在尘世间活得飞扬跋扈时,我去看草。它们平凡地生活着,宽容,谦让,和平友爱的样子,没有专制,也不自以为     

苏联猛犸象的研究

猛犸象(Elephas primigenius)是最著名的动物化石之一。在欧洲,西伯利亚,中国北部以及其他区域内的许多地方,都曾发现过大批这种动物的遗体,而且它们的庞大的躯体与奇特的形状早就吸引了人们的注意。此外,在亚洲及欧洲的冻土带内,曾发现过这种动物的,连皮,肉和毛都保存着的完整的尸体。古代极北地区的居民,当他们发现了这些由于海岸崩裂而从地下深处露出来的尸体后,曾企图寻求关于这些奇怪动物的外貌的解释。在耶库     

为迎接祖国更美好的春天而欢呼

全国人民以万分兴奋愉快的心情,从一个胜利走到另一个胜利地渡过了1952年。经过“三反”,“五反”运动的洗錬,受了上甘岭辉煌胜利的鼓舞,人们怀著更坚强的信念来迎接新的1953年。这一年给我们提出了三项伟大的任务:第一,继续加强抗美援朝的斗争,争取更大的胜利;第二,开始执行国家建设的第一个五年计划,完成和超额完成1953年度建设计划;第三,召集全国人民代表大会,公布宪法,通过国家建设计划。面对著这伟大1953年新时期的来临,就生物学工作者与生物学教师来讲,应当作著怎样的准备,如何计划在各人的工作上与这些任务相配合,以求更高度地与更有效地发挥所有的力量来建设祖国,是我们应首先加以考虑的问题。     

象鼩吉森遇上偷窥狂

在非洲的坦桑尼亚北部,有一片茂密的森林,名叫丹堵鲁。为了追踪一种名叫岩象鼩的小动物,生物学家格蕾丝已经在这片森林里待了几个星期。此刻的她,双膝跪地、鼻尖儿蹭着泥,正聚精会神地调试着微型摄影机。哈,调试完毕,我简直是天才!格蕾丝咧开嘴巴,得意地咯咯笑着,这下我一定能……哎呦,什么什么东西钻进了我的鼻子,痒、痒,啊——阿嚏!     

112株志贺菌菌群分布和药敏特点分析

目的研究本地区2001年至2005年志贺菌菌群分布及其药敏特点,以指导临床合理抗菌治疗。方法经大便培养筛选志贺菌,用生化和血清学方法鉴定菌群和血清型,采用K-B法检测病原菌耐药性。结果在112例细菌性痢疾患者中,男女比例相似,年龄分布以婴幼儿最高,临床表现不典型者较多,菌群分布以福氏志贺菌最多,F2b为优势血清型,对抗菌药物敏感性差异有显著性。结论近5年来本地区细菌性痢疾患者发病特点有年龄差异,菌群仍以福氏志贺菌为主,血清型以F2b为主,第3代头孢菌素是治疗细菌性痢疾最佳的抗菌药物。     

青蛤的营养成分分析与评价

测定了61、2月份青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的营养成份,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。结果表明,6月份青蛤的营养较12月份好,其粗蛋白比12月的高出2.84%,粗脂肪含量高出1.74%;6月和12月的氨基酸总含量分别为826.3 mg/g蛋白质和804.0 mg/g蛋白质,其中必需氨基酸分别占36.1%和33.6%,氨基酸计分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)是6月的较高,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)则分别为64.23和59.88。其不饱和脂肪酸占脂质总量的67.7%,其中单烯酸占24.9%,多烯酸占42.8%,“脑黄金”DHA和EPA的含量分别达到11.3%和18.4%。还含有多种微量元素和维生素。     

Effect of Copper on Growth of Yeast

The effect of copper was tested on the growth of many strains of yeast. Plate culture on density gradient agar of copper was used for estimating the growth response to copper. Growth in many strains was more strongly inhibited by the copper-aquo complex than by the copper-amino acid complex. Debaryomyces hansenii IFO 023 was found a suitable strain for the present study, because it was not resistant, not producing H₂S, and copper absorption by this strain was similar to that of the resistant strain. Growth of yeast cells in medium containing copper was affected by pH and concentration of amino acid in medium. Absorption of copper into intact cells was almost saturated for the initial few minutes. It was also affected by the addition of amino acid to copper solution. Our results indicated that the growth response of yeast to copper was closely related to copper absorption into cells. About 60 percent of copper absorbed into cells was distributed in the soluble fraction of the cell homogenate which was obtained by centrifugation at 105,000 g for 60 min.     

Flower-inducing and -inhibiting activities of Phloem Exudate from Cotyledons of Pharbitis Seedlings

The flower-inducing and -inhibiting activities of phloem exudate (PE) prepared from cotyledons of Pharbitis seedlings were examined, using apex cultures in vitro from Pharbitis as a bioassay system.The PE was prepared from photoperiodically-induced cotyledons (SD-PE). The SD-PE was subjected to the following fractionations: When the SD-PE was extracted with CHCl₃ and then ethyl acetate, the inducing activity was located in the final aqueous fraction. The activity was localized in the diffusate when the aqueous fraction was dialyzed (molecular weight cut off was 10,000). The diffusate was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography, and flower-inducing activity was found in the fraction adsorbed onto anion exchange resin. When the fraction was applied to a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, the activity eluted with 25% MeOH. As a result of the above fractionation, activity was increased about 30-fold.The nature of the flower-inhibiting activity of the PE taken from cotyledons exposed to continuous-light conditions was examined (CL-PE). The inhibiting activity was decreased as the cotyledons were exposed to longer dark periods; it appeared to be heat-stable. The CL-PE also inhibited flowering in Lemna. The CL-PE was subjected to the following fractionations: When the CL-PE was extracted with CHCl₃ and ethyl acetate, activity was located in the final aqueous fraction. Activity was localized in the diffusate when the aqueous fraction was dialyzed (molecular weight cut off was 10,000). When the diffusate was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography, the activity was found in the flow-through fraction. When the fraction was applied to a hydroxyapatite cartridge, the activity eluted with 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer. When the fraction was re-dialyzed (molecular weight cut off was 1,000), the diffusate contained the activity. As a result of the above fractionation, activity was increased about 10-fold.     

绿脓杆菌群集生长效应

本文通过群集的绿脓杆菌在高盐、酸性培养基上生长试验,抗金黄色葡萄球菌的拮抗试验及冷休克试验,证明了绿脓杆菌群集生长效应。主要表现为群集的绿脓杆菌可以在含10～20%NaCl 的培养基上生长;pH4环境中也可生长。同样条件下,对照几乎均为阴性。分散成单个细胞分布的绿脓杆菌对冷反应敏感,群集则有抗冷休克作用。实验条件下,密集的金黄色葡萄球菌生长对分散的绿脓杆菌有拮抗作用,群集则可抵抗这种作用而生长。讨论中初步分析了群集生长效应的机理和对细菌种群在自然生境中的稳定作用。     

Fatty acids of callus tissues of six species of cucurbitaceae

A comparative study was made of the fatty acid composition of the total lipids extracted from the cotyledons and the callus cultures derived from cotyledon segments of six species of Cucurbitaceae. Conditions for callus induction and growth of cultures were identical. The difference between the two systems was in the reversal of the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated acids in all callus cultures. In callus cultures, instead of linoleic, linolenic was the major unsaturated fatty acid. In Momordica charantia, α-elaeostearic acid present in the cotyledon was not detected in callus and oleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid.     

蝗虫微孢子虫对东亚飞蝗卵黄原蛋白含量的影响

采用免疫学方法,对东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis感染蝗虫微孢子虫Nosema locustae后体内卵黄蛋白含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,感病蝗虫与对照健虫相比,卵黄发生有严重障碍,脂肪体和卵巢中卵黄原蛋白或卵黄蛋白含量极低,导致感病雌虫丧失产卵能力。脂肪体中卵黄原蛋白含量最高峰健虫为18.7 mg/mL,而病虫只有4.7 mg/mL;血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白含量最高峰健虫为7.6 mg/mL,而病虫只有2.6 mg/mL;卵巢中卵黄蛋白含量最高峰健虫为73.4 mg/mL,而病虫只有4.9 mg/mL。     

基于景观尺度下的鄱阳湖湿地浅层土有机碳的空间特征

湿地土壤有机碳研究是全球碳循环研究的基础性工作, 对于准确评估湿地固碳增汇和全球温室气体减排都具有重要意义。以鄱阳湖国家自然保护区为研究区域, 选择六种景观类型(湿地洲滩景观包括受人工控制的碟形湖泊常湖池、半人工控制的碟形湖泊蚌湖、不受人工控制的洲滩前缘泗洲头以及岗地景观包括林地、田地和菜地), 湿地洲滩景观在各1 m高程(泗洲头和蚌湖采样高程10-17 m, 常湖池采样高程12-17 m)内的浅土壤采取3个土壤样品, 岗地景观浅层土壤各采取3个土壤样品, 分析浅层土壤有机碳含量。结果表明, 鄱阳湖不同景观类型的浅层土壤有机碳含量差异性显著。湿地洲滩浅层土壤(特别是0-10 cm土层)的有机碳随高程梯度变化呈现倒U型变化, 即低海拔与高海拔土壤有机碳的含量较中海拔土壤有机碳的含量低, 泗洲头洲滩土层0-10 cm的有机碳含量最高值出现在13-14 m高程, 其中0-10 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量变化值为1.56-12.29 g·kg-1, 10-20 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量变化值为0.96-8.19 g·kg-1; 蚌湖洲滩土层0-10 cm的有机碳含量最高值出现在14-15 m高程, 其中0-10 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量变化值为6.36-23.32 g·kg-1, 10-20 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量变化值为4.14-8.88 g·kg-1; 常湖池洲滩土层0-10 cm的有机碳含量最高值出现在16-17 m高程, 其中0-10 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量变化值为6.51-18.91 g·kg-1, 10-20 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量变化值为3.83-10.05 g·kg-1。岗地浅层土壤有机碳(特别是0-10 cm土层)田地的土壤有机碳含量最高, 菜地土壤有机碳含量最低。比较六种景观类型的浅层土壤有机碳含量, 泗洲头洲滩浅层土壤有机碳含量最低, 蚌湖洲滩浅层土壤有机碳含量最高。六种景观类型的浅层土壤有机碳含量呈现一致的现象是土层0-10 cm的机碳含量明显高于土层10-20 cm的有机碳含量, 说明鄱阳湖国家自然保护区内土壤有机碳含量主要富集在土壤浅层的特征。土壤pH值对湿地土壤有机碳呈显著负相关性, 而土壤含水量、地上部分生物量与土壤有机碳呈显著正相关性。     

Subunit Structure of Glucoamylase of Saccharomyces diastaticus

Extracellular glucoamylase produced by a starch-fermenting yeast, Saccharomyces diastaticus 5106-9A, was purified. The enzyme was found to be heterogeneous in molecular weight, ranging from approximately 80K to 66K as estimated by gel filtration, and consisted of two subunits, H and Y. The molecular weight of subunit H was heterogeneous and was determined to be approximately 68K, 59K, and 53K by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of subunit Y was 14K, estimated by the same gel. the molecular weight of the deglycosylated form of subunit H was 41K, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the enzyme was due to glycosyl moieties of subunit H. Subunits H and Y were separated by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Subunit Y seemed to be hydrophobic, since it was insoluble in an aqueous buffer without detergent.     

饲养密度对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响

黄粉虫原是一种仓库害虫 ,由于其幼虫、蛹、成虫都含有丰富的蛋白质和多种氨基酸 ,已被作为饲用资源昆虫来开发利用。作为一种群集性的昆虫 ,黄粉虫幼虫的生长受密度影响可分为 2个阶段 ,一是幼虫孵化后 1个月这段时间内 ,高密度处理的幼虫平均体重大于低密度处理的幼虫平均体重 ;二是孵化 1个月后直到化蛹 ,这段时间低密度的幼虫生长要比高密度的幼虫快得多。密度越大 ,历期越长。但密度对化蛹率没有影响。在幼虫生长过程中 ,各处理组中只有 3 2 0头虫密度处理组的幼虫在生长 1个月后显出拥挤效应。