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1.
Guangyu Sun Shinichi Oide Eiji Tanaka Kiminori Shimizu Chihiro Tanaka Mitsuya Tsuda 《Mycoscience》2003,44(3):239-244
Brn1, a reductase gene involved in the melanin biosynthetic pathway, was adopted for species delimitation among members in the
“geniculata” group of Curvularia species and proved to be useful for this purpose. Phylogenetic trees of these fungal members were constructed from nucleotide
sequences of this region. The so-called geniculata group of Curvularia was separated into several clusters. The conidial morphology of the members in each cluster is closely similar but clearly
different among discrete clusters. The phylogenetic groups almost concurred with the morphological grouping. Thus, the synonymous
treatment of Curvularia affinis, C. fallax, and C. senegalensis to C. geniculata in a previous study was supported. The isolates with warping hilum conidia were clearly different from C. geniculata and separated into two clusters. C. geniculata ATCC 6671 made an independent cluster situated near these clusters. The protuberant hilum species were located separately
in the phylogenetic trees. For sound taxonomic treatment of these isolates, we should accumulate more information and retain
our species determination for them.
Received: September 26, 2002 / Accepted: March 12, 2003 相似文献
2.
Umbelopsis gibberispora is described as a new species in the genus Umbelopsis, Umbelopsidaceae, Mucorales. The species differs from others in this genus by ellipsoidal sporangiospores with unilaterally
thickened walls. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU rDNA) partial sequences suggest
that U. gibberispora, U. swartii, and U. westeae form a clade together with the strains of Umbelopsis ramanniana. The ex-type strain of Micromucor ramannianus var. angulisporus is found to be very close to Umbelopsis vinacea, whereas other isolates identified under the former name in the sense of Linnemann fall in the U. ramanniana subclade. For these isolates, a new species, Umbelopsis angularis, is introduced. Phylogenetic relationships among Umbelopsis species are discussed related to their attributes of the sporangial wall and mature spore shapes.
Received: August 27, 2002 / Accepted: March 11, 2003
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Takashi Ohsono, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan, for providing the strain of U. gibberispora (CBS 109328). We also thank Dr. Wieland Meyer, University of Sydney, Australia for access to the phylogenetic tree based
on ITS sequence data before publishing, and Dr. Richard C. Summerbell, Centraalbureau von Schimmelcultures, the Netherlands,
for linguistic corrections. 相似文献
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The diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi of Rhododendron obtusum var. kaempferi was examined in a stand of Pinus densiflora at Tsukuba, Japan. In total, 153 slow-growing fungal isolates were obtained from roots of R. obtusum var. kaempferi, in which 113 isolates formed an ericoid mycorrhizal structure in vitro. Among them, 53 isolates were morphologically identified
as Oidiodendron maius, but the others were not identified due to their sterilities. PCR-RFLP analysis in the rDNA-ITS region divided them into
four different RFLP types. Phylogenetic analysis from sequence data of the region suggested that the four RFLP types belonging
to distinct taxa and one sterile type are considered to be Hymenoscyphus ericae. This study is the first report of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi in a natural habitat in Japan.
Received: August 23, 2002 / Accepted: December 11, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. K. Narisawa, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center, and Dr. R.S. Currah, Department of
Biological Science, University of Alberta, for their helpful advice.
Contribution no. 176, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba,
Japan
Correspondence to:M. Kakishima 相似文献
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7.
A Scleroderma species collected on sandy soil under trees of Lithocarpus edulis in Saitama Prefecture, central Japan, is identified as Scleroderma laeve, a new record for Japan. Macroscopic and microscopic features are given.
Received: May 24, 2002 / Accepted: September 9, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Ms. Ryoko Onuma, who offered some useful literature on Scleroderma. We are also grateful to Dr. Toshimitsu Fukiharu (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba) for his help with preserving
the specimens. For collecting specimens, we are grateful to Ms. Ayano Kimura, Mr. Tomoya Matsuyama, and Mr. Takahiro Uchida.
Correspondence to:T. Kasuya 相似文献
8.
Brown spot disease ofRheum officinale, a traditional medicinal plant in South East Asia, was newly recorded from the highland area of West Java Province. After
confirmation of its pathogenicity towardRheum officinale and comparison of its morphology with hitherto known species, the casual fungus was identified asAscochyta rhei. It produces widely varied conidia from unicellular and bacillar conidia (Phoma-type), 1-septate oblong conidia (Ascochyta-type) to 2–3-septate cylindric conidia. These conidia were sometimes formed within the same pycnidium. They could germinate
easily and produce the similar colonies to each other.
Supported by “Joint Study Project for Strengthening Research on Diseases of Industrial Crops in Indonesia, Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA)” in BALITTRO. 相似文献
9.
Tetsuhisa Goto Donald T. Wicklow Cesaria E. McAlpin Stephen W. Peterson 《Mycoscience》2003,44(3):209-215
Eighteen isolates of Aspergillus bombycis from samples of dust, insect frass, and soil collected from eight silkworm rearing facilities in Japan, as well as single
silkworm rearing facilities in Indonesia and Malaysia, were subjected to DNA fingerprinting. PstI digests of total genomic DNA from each isolate were probed using the pAF 28 repetitive sequence. Among 18 isolates analyzed,
7 distinct DNA fingerprint groups were identified, including GTAb-2 isolated from rearing facilities in four prefectures of
Japan. Aspergillus bombycis isolates share several features in common with domesticated yellow-green aspergilli, the koji molds used in traditional Oriental
food fermentations, including a loose and deep colony texture, smooth-walled stipes, and the absence of sclerotia. Although
aflatoxin is unknown from koji molds, all isolates of A. bombycis produced B and G aflatoxins. Aflatoxin has been linked to increased virulence in Aspergillus disease of silkworms, and there should be strong selection for aflatoxin production among clonal populations of A. bombycis adapted to silkworm cultivation. A hypothesis is offered that A. bombycis isolates from silkworm cultivation represent highly adapted forms of yet to be discovered “wild” populations that may infect
Bombyx mandarina.
Received: December 24, 2002 / Accepted: March 10, 2003
RID="*"
ID="*" Disclaimer: Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants
the standard of the products, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others
that may also be suitable
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Akira Nakagiri, Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, for providing Aspergillus cultures isolated from diseased silkworms. 相似文献
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Summary. 2H-Pyran-2-ones 1 were transformed with various hydrazines into (E)- or (Z)-α,β-didehydro-α-amino acid (DDAA) derivatives 4 (and 7) containing a highly substituted pyrazolyl moiety attached at the β-position. With heterocyclic hydrazines, the products 4 were accompanied also by decarboxylated enamines E-6. In order to separate (E/Z)-mixtures of acids, they were transformed to the corresponding methyl esters 9 and 10 by the application of diazomethane. Catalytic hydrogenation under high pressures with Pd/C as a catalyst resulted in the formation
of racemic alanine derivatives 11.
Received January 29, 2002 Accepted May 27, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Dedicated with deep respect to Professor Waldemar Adam on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
Acknowledgements We thank the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia for the financial support (P0-0503-103).
Dr. B. Kralj and Dr. D. Žigon (Center for Mass Spectroscopy, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia) are gratefully
acknowledged for the mass measurements.
Authors' address: Prof. Marijan Kočevar, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia, E-mail: marijan.kocevar@uni-lj.si 相似文献
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Annulatascus joannae, A. lactus, and A. tropicalis are described and illustrated from decaying woody substrata in freshwater habitats in Hong Kong. Annulatascus joannae is distinguished by ellipsoidal and thick-walled ascospores whereas A. lacteus has milky ascomata and A. tropicalis has relatively large, fusiform, 1–3-septate ascospores. Annulatascus biatriisporus is reported as a new record in Hong Kong. A key to and a synoptic table of Annulatascus species are provided.
Received: December 14, 2001 / Accepted: July 5, 2002
Acknowledgments C.K.M. Tsui and V.M. Ranghoo are grateful to The University of Hong Kong for the award of postgraduate studentships. A.Y.P.
Lee, M.H. Ng, and M.Y. Chan are thanked for photographic and technical assistance.
Correspondence to:C.K.M. Tsui 相似文献
15.
Conidiomata of the white root rot fungus were produced in axenic culture under near-ultraviolet light radiation. Pieces of
sterilized Japanese pear twigs were placed on 7-day-old oatmeal agar culture in plates. The plates were further incubated
for 5 days and then illuminated by near-ultraviolet light. Synnemata developed on the twigs within 5 weeks in 19 of 20 isolates
tested, and conidia were observed in 12 of the 19 isolates. The synnemata and conidia produced were morphologically identical
to those of Dematophora necatrix.
Received: October 29, 2001 / Accepted: March 11, 2002 相似文献
16.
The trophic interaction in the pelagic food web of oligotrophic-dystrophic Lake Shirakoma-ike was investigated by a stable
isotope technique. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses revealed the trophic interaction among Piona carnea (a water mite), Chaoborus sp. (a phantom midge), Daphnia longispina (a cladoceran), and Acanthodiaptomus pacificus (a calanoida copepoda). The δ13C values for estimating the relative contributions of D. longispina and A. pacificus to carnivores were used, and they were also used for the constraint of the trophic enrichment factor of δ15N. Both Chaoborus sp. and P. carnea were suggested to consume D. longispina and A. pacificus at almost the same ratio (1 : 1). However, both carnivores preferred A. pacificus to D. longispina, because D. longispina was much more abundant in the lake than A. pacificus. Omnivory of P. carnea was also analyzed by the mixing model.
Received: February 28, 2002 / Accepted: July 10, 2002
Present address: Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan Tel. +81-52-789-3434;
Fax +81-52-789-3436 e-mail: lee@ihas.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Present address: Research Institute for Humanity and Nauture, Kyoto, Japan
Acknowledgments We would like to thank Professor Kikuo Kato for providing useful comments and colleagues in the Laboratory of Biogeochemical
Data Analysis, Nagoya University, for their support with the sample collection. We are in debt to Dr. R. Coucett for the kind
suggestion on the trophic enrichment factors for blood-sucking insects. We also thank the members of the Suwa Hydrobiological
Station, Shinshu University, who kindly allowed us to use facilities for sampling in Lake Shirakoma-ike. The zooplankton samples
were partly provided by Mr. Masataka Yoshida.
Correspondence to:J.-Y. Lee 相似文献
17.
Michel Almaguer Teresa Irene Rojas Vladimir Dobal Amado Batista María Jesús Aira 《Aerobiologia》2013,29(1):13-20
Fungi are the cause of numerous plant diseases. Leading plant pathogens include various species of the genera Curvularia and Bipolaris. In this study of 21 airborne isolates, seven species with pathogenic potential for rice crops were identified (Curvularia aeria, Curvularia clavata, Curvularia pallescens, Curvularia trifolii, Bipolaris australiensis, Bipolaris hawaiiensis and Bipolaris sorghicola). For all isolates, optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and germination of conidia were determined over the 10–40 °C range. All strains were mesophilic, and optimum temperatures for germination of conidia lay within the range favourable for colony growth. In addition to their practical application in protecting the rice crop, these findings are of ecological interest in that they improve awareness of the aeromycological biodiversity of the study area. 相似文献
18.
Two Exobasidium species causing Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron spp. are described. An Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron yedoense var. yedoense f. yedoense has been recognized in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, since the first report was issued in 1950. The causal fungus is identified
with Exobasidium dubium from the morphology of its hymenial structure and mode of germination of the basidiospores. Another Exobasidium leaf blister
on Rhododendron dauricum has been observed in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. In comparison with morphology based on hymenial structure and mode of germination
of the basidiospores of the 100 validly described taxa, this fungus differs from those known taxa in the size of basidia and
basidiospores, the numbers of sterigmata and septa of basidiospores, and the mode of germination of basidiospores. Thus, a
new species, Exobasidium miyabei, is established and illustrated.
Received: February 13, 2002 / Accepted: September 25, 2002
Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
Acknowledgments We profoundly appreciate the cooperation of Dr. V. Melnik in providing Russian papers and Dr. L. Vasilyeva for translating
them into English. We thank Prof. H. Takahashi for loaning the materials in the Herbarium of the Hokkaido University Museum
and Dr. W. Abe, Graduate School of Science, University of Hokkaido, for his kind help with the sampling of R. dauricum in Teshikaga, Hokkaido Prefecture. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. 13460019),
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
Contribution No. 171, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.
Correspondence to:M. Kakishima 相似文献
19.
Tissue density and growth response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen source and concentration 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Amanita rubescens Pers., Lactarius affinis Pk., Leccinum aurantiacum (Fr.) S.F. Gray, Tylopilus felleus (Bull. ex Fe.) Karsten, and two isolates of Suillus intermedius (Smith & Thiers) Smith & Thiers collected from an approximately 55-year-old Pinus resinosa Ait. plantation, and Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch obtained from another source, were tested for their abilities to grow with protein as the primary source
of nitrogen. Protein plates contained 63 mg l–1 N as bovine serum albumen and 7 mg l–1 N as arginine. Control plates contained only 7 mg l–1 N as arginine. All isolates except Leccinum aurantiacum and one isolate of S. intermedius attained greater dry weight with protein as the primary source of N. Lactarius affinis, Leccinum aurantiacum, P. tinctorius, and both isolates of S. intermedius had higher tissue densities on protein medium. Amanita rubescens had lower tissue density. To determine if increase in tissue density was an effect of total N concentration or an effect
of N source (protein versus arginine), we performed a second experiment in which arginine concentration was increased (7 mg
l–1 N versus 70 mg l–1 N). The second experiment also included Cenococcum geophilum Fr. but excluded T. felleus. Higher tissue densities with increased nutrients were found in C. geophilum, Lactarius affinis, Leccinum aurantiacum, and both isolates of S. intermedius. Only A. rubescens and P. tinctorius did not have increased densities. The results suggest that these ectomycorrhizal fungi alter their growth forms according
to N concentration. At low N concentrations, a growth form likely to promote exploitation of a large volume of medium for
a given biomass is produced. At high concentrations, a growth form likely to promote exploitation of a rich source of N is
produced. Whether ectomycorrhizal fungi growing in association with roots would act in a similar fashion is not known.
Accepted: 30 July 1998 相似文献
20.
To identify a basidiomycetous fungus isolated from butt rot of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Japanese cypress, its cultural features were examined, and sequences of its nuclear ribosomal 18S and ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 regions
were analyzed. In culture, this fungus is characterized by the occurrence of chlamydospores, blastoconidium-like cells, and
clavate-to-spathulate hyphal ends at the tips of aerial hyphae, and production of a small basidioma on the mycelial mat after
3 months of incubation. The morphological features of the basidioma are identical to those of Phlebia brevispora. Furthermore, molecular data of the sequences of these strains and P. brevispora showed a high level of similarity. These results appear to justify determining the present fungus as P. brevispora. This is the first report of this species for Japan and outside of southeastern USA.
Received: March 11, 2002 / Accepted: September 20, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Karen K. Nakasone, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, for
providing the fungal strains used in this study.
Correspondence to:R. Kondo 相似文献