Revision of New Zealand Orthotylinae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae)

Abstract

Six genera and 11 species of Orthotylinae are now known from New Zealand. Zanchius Distant is newly recorded. One new genus, Tridiplous, and seven new species of endemic New Zealand Orthotylini are described and illustrated. Four new species are described in Tridiplous: T. burrus, T. parvapiatus, T. penmani, and T. virens, and three new species are described in Zanchius: Z. ater, Z. rubicrux, and Z. totus. Keys are provided to identify New Zealand taxa of the tribes of Orthotylinae, genera and species of Halticini, genera of Orthotylini, and species of Tridiplous and Zanchius. The bugs are illustrated with colour habitus photos, and drawings including male and female genitalia. Economic importance is discussed.     

Three new genera of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from New Zealand

Abstract

Three new genera—Austroclima, Mauiulus, and Cryophlebia—are established for species of Leptophlebiidae from New Zealand. The following new combinations are included: Austroclima sepia (Phillips) and Cryophlebia aucklandensis (Peters). Atalophlebioides sepia is redescribed as Austroclima sepia and a neotype is designated. Two new species, Austroclima jollyae and Mauiulus luma, are described. All life stages are described, and the relationships of each genus are discussed. Keys are given to male and female imagos, subimagos, and nymphs of each species, and to all New Zealand genera with species previously placed in Atalophlebioides.     

Rhagodiinae: A new subtribe in the Chenopodiaceae

A new subtribe, Rhagodiinae, is described in the tribe Chenopodieae of the Chenopodiaceae. Three genera are included in this new subtribe: Rhagodia with 8 species, Einadia with 3 species, and Holmbergia with a single species. All the species are fully described and keys to the genera and species are given. Four new combinations are proposed: Rhagodia deltophylla, Einadia nutans, Einadia hastata and Einadia triandra.     

Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of all genera of Conopidae (Diptera) based on morphological data

All global genera of the fly family Conopidae are revised here. A cladistic analysis of 117 morphological characters recorded from 154 species, including representatives of 59 genera and subgenera, recovers a phylogenetic hypothesis for the family. This hypothesis is used as the basis of a new classification for the family. Both Sicini and Zodionini are removed from Myopinae and elevated to subfamilial status. A new tribe, Thecophorini, is proposed within Myopinae to accommodate Thecophora, Scatoccemyia, and Pseudoconops. Two genera, Pseudomyopa and Parazodion, are removed from Dalmanniinae and placed in Myopinae and Zodioninae, respectively. Conopinae is divided into 11 tribes, seven of which are newly described (Asiconopini, Caenoconopini, Gyroconopini, Microconopini, Neoconopini, and Siniconopini). Some examined species are transferred to different or new genera and subgenera. A new genus, Schedophysoconops gen. nov. , and subgenus Asiconops (Aegloconops) subgen. nov. within Conopinae are described. A review of character evolution and phylogeography is included in light of the new classification. A catalogue of all genus‐group names is included with new emendations noted.     

Indian species of Drosophilidae,exclusive of the genus Drosophila

An account is given of five species representing four genera of the family Drosophilidae, one of which is described as new and two are new records from India. The Indian species of Drosophilidae (excluding Drosophila species) are listed and a key to the genera is provided.     

Contribution to the fauna and systematics of the stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera) of Indochina and some other territories: IX

The material of the Indo-Malayan and Papuan Rhaphidophorinae (Rhaphidophoridae) of the genera Eurhaphidophora Gor., Minirhaphidophora Gor., Stonychophora Karny, and Neorhaphidophora Gor. is considered. 21 new species and a previously unknown male of Minirhaphidophora are described. Rhaphidophora foeda Br.-W. is transferred to Stonychophora; Rh. sumatrana Zacher is removed from Stonychophora and from the synonyms of S. crenulata (Br.-W.); S. tatiana falsa Gor. is treated as a separate species. New data on the composition of the genera studied, the diagnostic characters of these genera and some species previously described, and data on the distribution of some species are given.     

Jurassic Dinoflagellate Cysts with Epitractal Archaeopyles

The history of study of these dinoflagellates is reviewed and emended diagnoses are proposed for the genera Ctenidodinium and Dichadogonyaulax. A new species, Dichadogonyaulax sellwoodii, is described and illustrated from the Bathonian of the Isle of Skye, Scotland. The new combination Dichadogonyaulax norrisii (Pocock, 1972) is proposed and it is considered that forms described by Gocht (1970) as Ctenidodinium pachydermum (Deflandre, 1938) may in fact be'attributable to Pocock's species. The species Ctenidodinium continuum Gocht, 1970, is briefly discussed and other Jurassic species attributable to these two genera are listed.     

A phylogenetic revision of the true bug genus Heraeus (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini), with the description of two new genera and 30 new species

Prior to this study, the genus Heraeus Stål, 1862 included 14 species, all of which are restricted to the Western Hemisphere. Three species are known from the Nearctic Region, nine from the Neotropical Region, and two mainly tropical elements are distributed in both regions. In this contribution, we consider Heraeus cincticornis Stål, 1874 a junior synonym of Heraeus elegans (Walker, 1873), select a lectotype for Heraeus coquilletti Barber, 1914, and neotype for Lygaeus triguttatus Guérin‐Méneville, 1857, and describe 28 new species. In addition, the two new genera, Baranowskiobius gen. nov., to include H. elegans (Baranowskiobius elegans comb. nov.) and two new species, and Paraheraeus gen. nov., to include Heraeus eximius Distant, 1882 (Paraheraeus eximius comb. nov.), are described. Previously described species and new taxa are (re)described and illustrated, including male genitalia. Scanning electron micrographs, general habitus photographs, and distribution maps are included for all species studied. A phylogenetic analysis comprising 46 terminal taxa and 50 morphological characters was performed, and five species groups were hypothesized, including the coquilletti, caliginosus, guttatus, illitus, and plebejus groups. All known species of Heraeus and the new genera are included in the phylogenetic analysis. The type species of the genera Myodocha Latreille, 1807, Orthaea Dallas, 1852, and Paisana Dellapé, 2008 are used as out‐groups.     

A convolute diversity of the Auriculariales (Agaricomycetes,Basidiomycota) with sphaeropedunculate basidia

Morphological and DNA data show that effused representatives of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with sphaeropedunculate basidia belong to eleven genera of which seven are dealt with in this study. Among them, Myxarium is the largest genus containing 21 accepted species of which nine are reintroduced below and five are described as new. Protodontia is limited to three species only, P. subgelatinosa (the generic type) and two newly described species from Africa. Protoacia is a new monotypic genus for P. delicata, sp. nov., widely distributed on coniferous hosts in Eurasia. Myxariellum is erected for two new species with smooth hymenophore from northwestern North America while Gelacantha is introduced for G. pura, a new species with hydnoid hymenophore from Caucasus. Our data do not confirm the present synonymy of Sebacina sphaerospora with Tremella glaira, and these species are placed in two separate genera – Hydrophana, gen. nov., and Ofella, gen. nov., respectively. A key to European Myxarium and similar‐looking species is included.     

Two new leafhopper genera of the Alebroides genus group (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China,with a key to genera of the group

Two new microleafhopper genera in the Alebroides genus group, Nulliata Lu, Xu & Qin, gen. nov. , based on the type species N. rubrostriata Lu, Xu & Qin, sp. nov. , and Inflatopina Lu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov. , based on the type species I. intonsa Lu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov. , are described from southwest China. Five known species in the Alebroides sohii species group are transferred to Inflatopina as new combinations. Keys to genera of the Alebroides genus group and species of Inflatopina are given.     

The first record of anthribid beetle from the Jurassic of Kazakhstan (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

A new subfamily, Juranthribinae, new genera Juranthribus and Karanthribus, and new species Juranthribus thompsoni and Karanthribus primitivus are described from the Middle-Upper Jurassic of Karatau. This is the earliest known record of anthribids.     

Social parasites among African allodapine bees (Hymenoptera,Anthophoridae, Ceratinini)*

Among the numerous nonparasitic allodapine bees there are 11 known species with parasitic or probably parasitic habits. These species live in nests of their close relatives, the female parasite replacing an egg-layer of the host. Seven of the parasitic species are distributed among four otherwise nonparasitic genera, while four species of parasites are placed in three exclusively parasitic genera. The parasites have mostly arisen independently from different nonparasitic forms. There is much convergence among the parasitic forms involving such characters as the flattened or concave face, reduced eyes, reduced mouthparts, reduced wing venation, and reduced pollen-carrying scopa. In the most specialized parasitic genera the mouthparts are so small as to be almost surely useless for obtaining food from flowers. Such bees must feed in the host nest, and are not found on flowers. Their wings must be adequate to take them to a new host nest but the reduced venation and eyes must reflect the reduced locomotary and sensory needs of a bee that does not visit flowers. In this paper a new, presumably parasitic Allodapula is described as is a parasitic Braunsapis, a parasitic Allodape, and a Eucondylops. A previously described Macrogalea is recognized as a parasite for the first time. A new genus and species of parasites Nasutapsis straussorum, allied to Braunsapis, is also described. All these forms are from Africa.     

中国的兰伯特盘菌属和兰斯盘菌属

本文报道中国兰伯特盘菌属15种和兰斯盘菌属6个分类单元,其中小晚兰斯盘菌为新种.同时,提供了上述两个属的分种检索表.     

Stempellina and Zavrelia from China (Diptera,Chironomidae, Tanytarsini)

The first records of the Tanytarsini genera Stempellina and Zavrelia in the Oriental Region based on adult males are presented. Two species, Stempellina clavata sp. n. and Zavrelia clinovolsella sp. n. from southern China, are described, and the generic diagnoses of the two genera are emended to accommodate the new species. A key to the male imagines of the genus Zavrelia is given.     

Small but not ephemeral: newly discovered species of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Eocene amber

New species of fossil Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae are described from middle Eocene (Lutetian) Baltic amber (41.3–47.8 Ma). A new subfamily, two new genera and three new species of Aphelinidae are described, with comments on their placement: Phtuaria fimbriae gen.n. , sp.n. in Phtuariinae subf.n. , Glaesaphytis interregni gen.n. , sp.n. and Centrodora brevispinae sp.n. These represent the first described true fossil Aphelinidae. Four new species of Trichogrammatidae are described: Mirufens illusionis sp.n. , Palaeogramma eos gen.n. , sp.n. , Pterandrophysalis plasmans sp.n. and Szelenyia terebrae sp.n. , thus expanding our knowledge of fossil Trichogrammatidae beyond the single previously described species. The presence of recognizable extant genera of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae in the Eocene suggests that the morphology of these genera has been relatively invariant despite highly variable conditions during and since the Eocene. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9AD60B6‐3D56‐4E74‐AA54‐F7B91F4FDC79 .     

Improved tribal delimitation of the subfamily Dictyopharinae and description of new genera and new species (Homoptera,Fulgoroidea, Dictyopharidae)

Ten new genera, five new subgenera, and five new species are described in the family Dictyopharidae. Three generic names are synonymized. A new name is proposed for the generic homonym. Dictyophara kazeruna Dlabola is transferred to the genus Callodictya Melichar. The genus Sinodictya Matsumura, with the type species Sinodictya tukana Matsumura, is redescribed. A new key to the tribes of the subfamily Dictyopharinae is given. The composition and characters of the tribes Taosini and Lappidini are revised. All the genera of the subfamily Dictyopharinae are listed according to their tribal position. New records are given for some interesting species.     

Phylogeny of split‐footed lacewings (Neuroptera,Nymphidae), with descriptions of new Cretaceous fossil species from China

A phylogeny of the lacewing family Nymphidae based on morphology and DNA sequences is presented including representatives of all living genera and selected fossil genera. Widely distributed Jurassic and Cretaceous genera gave rise to recent taxa now restricted to Australasia. Two previously defined clades (i.e. Nymphinae and Myiodactylinae) were recovered and reflect the diverging adult and larval morphology of members of these two subfamilies. From Chinese Cretaceous deposits, a new genus (Spilonymphes gen. nov.) is described with one new species, as well as new species described in the genera Baissoleon Makarkin and Sialium Westwood.     

中国食线虫真菌的种类

对我国24个省市,涉及40余种植物的300多个土样的调查,分离出食线虫真菌近千个分离物,共鉴定出食线虫真菌29属57种,包括捕食线虫真菌4属25种,其中Arthrobotrys arthrobotryoides, A. brochopaga, A. cladodes var. macroides, A. microspora,A. musiformis, A. straminicola, Monacrosporium ellipsosporinm, M. thaumasium, M. pravicollis,Stylopage grandis, Dactylella ramiformis, Monacrosporium qiuanum, Monacrosporium sinense等10种为国内新记录。内寄生真菌4属4个种、其中Catenaria angullulae, Harposporiumarcuatum, Nematoctonus leiosporus为国内新记录。定殖于大豆孢囊线虫真菌22属25种,其中Catenaria auxiliaris, Cylindrocarpon heteronema, C. willkommii, Fusariella bizzozeriana,Nematophthora sp., Phoma eupyrena, Phoma leveilei,Pithomyces sp,Trichocladium opacum.Verticillium chlamydosporium等10属种为国内新记录,其中Nematophthora, Fusariella,Trichocladium三属为国内新记录属,Rhizoctonia sp., Stachybotrys elegans, F.bizzozeriana,C.heteronema, C.willkommii等为首次发现定殖于大豆孢囊线虫孢囊上。对所鉴定的真菌进行了描述和讨论并制作了检索表。