中国东北古新世乌云植物群：榆科叉脉榆

根据叶结构特征。将黑龙江省古新世乌云植物群中的榆科叶化石确定为叉脉榆（Umus furcinervis(Borsuk)Ablaev)。叶化石二级脉达缘且在叶缘区分叉,三级脉及顶,叶缘锯齿两侧边凸出。重新研究了前人鉴定为小叶普拉榆（Planera cf.microphylla auct.non Newberry)和乌云珍珠梅（Sorbaria wuyungensis Tao et Xiong)的叶化石并将其归入叉脉榆。     

榆近脉三节叶蜂的识别及为害特点

本文记述了在北京松山发现的榆近脉三节叶蜂Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi,这是北京榆树上一种新的食叶害虫。由于它营孤雌生殖,一年多代,并已入侵多个欧洲国家,在我国也具扩散的可能性。本文详细介绍了榆近脉三节叶蜂各虫态的形态特征(附特征图和彩色生态图)和生物学特性。     

榆科植物的二个特有种——琅琊榆和醉翁榆

皖东滁州琅琊山是石灰岩山体,这里的榆科植物种类较为丰富,达10种以上,其中琅琊榆ulmus chenmuai cheng和醉翁榆ulmus gaussenii chang为这山体上生长的特有种。这二种特有种是1955年经我国著名树木分类学家郑万钧教授鉴定命名的琅琊榆的叶两面具白色绢毛及褐色腺点,侧腺15—20对,叶缘有重锯齿,翅果全部有长柔毛或果核有长柔毛,种子位于翅果顶端凹缺点;醉翁榆的萌发枝有木栓翅,叶表面有短毛,甚粗糙,背面脉上及脉腋有较多的白色短毛,侧脉8—12对,翅果大,长2—2.5厘米,种子位于翅果中部,两面及边缘有毛等。这些特征区别于榆科植树的其他种类。琅琊榆主要分布在琅琊山的琅琊寺到南天门的200米以下石灰岩山地,它散生于山     

中国榆科植物系统分类研究综述

榆科 (Ulmaceae)植物 1 6属近 2 30种 〔1〕,广布于世界温带及热带地区 ,主产北温带 〔2～ 4〕。榆科具高度稳定性和适应性 ,现存的各属、组及主要种早于新世即已存在。据化石孢粉学分析 ,第三纪时 ,我国东北、华北及西北就有榆科分布。我国现共有榆科植物 8属 ,分别为榆属 (Ulmus) ,朴属 (Celtis) ,糙叶树属(Aphananthe) ,山黄麻属 (Trema) ,白颜树属 (Gironniera) ,榉属 (Zelkova) ,刺榆属 (H emiptelea)和青檀属(Pteroceltis) ,46种 1 0变种 ,分布遍及全国 〔1〕。Mirbel最初描述榆科时 ,只有榆属和朴属 〔5〕,以后逐渐增多。但自此…     

叶表皮结构在榆属分类中的应用

本文利用扫描电子显微镜对榆属9种1变种的成熟叶表皮结构进行了观察,认为榆属叶表皮结构在扫描电镜下存在着明显的差别,可以作为榆属分种的辅助特征。     

苏铁属叉叶苏铁亚组国产种类的羽片比较解剖学研究

为了比较苏铁属各分类群的异同并为其分类工作提供重要的理论依据,采用解剖学的方法,观察并分析了国产叉叶苏铁亚组5个分类群:叉叶苏铁、多羽叉叶苏铁、长柄叉叶苏铁、多歧苏铁和德保苏铁的羽片横切下皮层厚壁细胞、海绵组织含晶细胞、叶缘、中脉区及韧皮部形状、分泌道等特征和羽片小叶柄纵切中管胞类型、直径大小及管胞壁纹饰特征。结果表明:叉叶苏铁和多羽叉叶苏铁解剖特征非常接近;长柄叉叶苏铁叶缘弯曲、韧皮部呈"V"形与前二者区分;多歧苏铁中脉区远轴面半圆形、叶缘弯曲部位变厚、先端锐等特征和德保苏铁中脉区远轴面呈较平缓圆弧形,叶缘弯曲部位变薄、先端钝易区分。5个分类群在下皮层厚壁细胞、中脉区具分泌道和小叶柄中管胞等解剖特征方面具有一致性,表明这些分类群可能由共同的祖先演化而来。     

榆紫叶甲赤眼蜂基础生物学特性及其实验种群生命表

榆紫叶甲赤眼蜂(Asynacta ambrostomae Liao)是榆紫叶甲卵期重要寄生蜂。在实验条件下对榆紫叶甲赤眼蜂生殖、寿命、性比等生物学特性进行观察研究。结果表明：每粒寄主卵平均出蜂量为2.92头,雌雄比为3.64:1,营两性生殖,孤雌产雄。不同营养条件对寿命有显著影响,其中成虫补充20%蜂蜜水和20%蔗糖水能显著增加雌雄虫寿命。组建了25℃条件下榆紫叶甲赤眼蜂成蜂补充不同营养的实验种群生命表,成虫补充20%蜂蜜水、20%蔗糖水、清水、对照组(不添加任何物质)的净生殖力R₀分别为74.42、65.27、56.77和44.50。可见,成蜂补充营养能提高种群生殖力。研究结果将为榆紫叶甲赤眼蜂的开发利用提供理论依据。     

中国特有的三种榆科植物枝条内生真菌菌群多样性

为了解我国特有的3种古老的野生榆科植物内生真菌菌群多样性及探讨同一生境条件下内生真菌菌群在不同植物之间的组成特征,以安徽琅琊山国家森林公园内的野生青檀、琅琊榆和醉翁榆的当年生健康枝条为研究对象,采用组织分离法和形态分类学方法对其内生真菌进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明,从3种榆科植物的1 778个组织块中,分离内生真菌1 938株,隶属于10目16科22属,未产孢的一类暂归为无孢菌群,占10.2%。3种榆科植物均是以子囊菌类所占比例最高(80.72%–89.71%),目级水平以肉座菌目Hypocreales的相对多度最高,科级水平以间座菌科Diaporthaceae的相对多度最高,属级水平以拟茎点霉属Phomopsis的相对多度最高。琅琊榆枝条中分离的内生真菌菌群最多(14属),醉翁榆菌群最少(10属)。内生真菌菌群组成在3种榆科植物之间存在宿主特异性。Shannon指数(H′)从高到低的顺序为:青檀琅琊榆醉翁榆,Margalef指数(R)从高到低的顺序为:琅琊榆青檀醉翁榆,均匀度指数(E)从高到低的顺序为:青檀醉翁榆琅琊榆。琅琊榆和醉翁榆之间的内生真菌菌群组成相似度最高,相似性系数达0.62,青檀和琅琊榆的相似性系数最低(C_S=0.44)。费舍尔检验(Fisher’s exact test)表明,3种榆科植物在内生真菌菌群组成上无明显差异(P=0.26‐0.500.05)。     

叶表皮结构在榆属分类中的应用

本文利用扫描电子显微镜对榆属9种1变种的成热叶表皮结构进行了观察,认为榆属叶表皮结构在扫描电镜下存在着明显的差别,可以作为榆属分种的辅助特征。     

山西稀有濒危植物脱皮榆的生态学特征

在总结相关文献资料的基础上 ,通过对山西南部中条山和霍山脱皮榆 (UlmuslamelloseT .WangetS .L .Chang)种群的样地调查 ,分析了脱皮榆的分布规律、生境特点、群落特征和种群结构以及其濒危现状及致濒原因 ,并提出了相应的保护对策。结果表明 :1)脱皮榆群落具有暖温带地带性植被的特点 ,区系成分具有北温带性质。 2 )种群结构具有严重的年龄缺失。 3)山西南部是脱皮榆的分布中心。 4 )致濒的原因是环境破坏和自身繁殖能力下降。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.