拟白蘑子实体化学成分研究

从高等真菌拟白蘑(Tricholomopsis rutalis)干燥子实体的甲醇提取物中分离并鉴定了6个化合物,它们分别是软脂酸甲酯(1)、软脂酸(2)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3)、5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)和5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-O-葡萄糖苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从拟白蘑中获得.     

赤芝孢子化学成分研究

从赤芝(Gunoderm lucidum )孢子脂溶部分分到六个甾体化合物,根据化学及光谱解析等方法鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(Ⅰ),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(Ⅱ),麦角甾-7,9,22-三烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(Ⅲ),麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(Ⅳ),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-(3)酮(Ⅴ),以及麦角甾醇(Ⅵ)。     

粉红粘帚霉化学成分的研究*

粉红粘帚霉对名贵药用植物金线莲有明显的促生作用 ,为了从物质角度探讨其可能的促生机理 ,对该菌的化学成分进行了初步研究。从该菌的菌丝体中共分离到 5个化合物 ,通过结构解析 ,确定它们是 :化合物 1 ,6 ,2 2 二烯 3 羟基 5 ,8 过氧麦角甾 ;2 ,麦角甾醇 ;3 ,阿拉伯糖醇 ;4,甘露醇 ;另外一个化合物的结构正在鉴定中。     

长柄炭角菌子实体化学成分研究

从长柄炭角菌(Xylaria longipes)的子实体中分离得到7个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为3β-羟基-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯(1)、麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(2)、integric acid(3)、1-羟基-6,8-二甲氧基-3-甲基-蒽醌(4)、3,9-二羟基-6,8-二甲氧基-3-甲基-3,4-二氢-1(2H)-蒽酮(5)、3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯(6)和D-阿洛醇(7).     

细微短足软珊瑚的化学成分研究

本文对采自广西涠洲岛海域细微短足软珊瑚（Cladiellasubtilis）的化学成分进行研究,经理化常数和波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为（20R,24S）-5-烯-21羧基-麦角甾-3β-醇（1）、柳珊瑚甾醇（2）、鲨肝醇（3）及麦角甾-5-烯-3β-醇（4）。对细微短足软珊瑚（Cladiella subtilis）化学成分的研究尚属首次。     

小花琉璃草化学成分的研究

从小花琉璃草(cynoglossum lanceolatym Forsk.)全草的石油醚提取物中分离到5个化合物,用波谱等方法鉴定为:十六碳酸甲酯(Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、5α,豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(5α,stigmastane-3,6-dione)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3酮(6-β-hydroxy-stigmasta-4-en-3-one)和胡萝卜甙(daucosterol)。     

粗糙肉齿菌子实体化学成分研究

利用硅胶柱层析、RP-8层析及Sephadex LH-20分离的方法,从高等真菌粗糙肉齿菌(Sarcodon scabrosus)干燥子实体的甲醇提取物中分离并鉴定了8个化合物,经现代光谱技术鉴定分别为苯甲酸(1)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(2)、2',3'-二乙酰基-3,4,5',6',4″-五羟基-对联三苯(3)和1-乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、对羟基苯甲酸(5)、丁二酸(6)、腺嘌呤(7)、腺嘌呤核苷(8).以上化合物均为首次从粗糙肉齿菌中获得.     

钝叶水丝梨化学成分研究

自钝叶水丝梨(Sycopsis tutckerii Hemsl)树皮中得到二十一个化合物。经鉴定为豆甾烷-6α-羟基-3β-月桂酸酯(Ia);豆甾烷-6α-羟基3β-肉豆蔻酸酯(Ib);豆甾烷-6α-羟基-3β-棕榈酸酯(Ic);及其它两个豆甾烷-6α-羟基-3β-脂肪酸酯(Id、Ie,其酸部分结构待定);乙酰白桦脂酸甲酯(Ⅱa);乙酰白桦脂酸(Ⅱb);白桦脂酸甲酯(Ⅱc);白桦酯酸(Ⅱb);乙酰齐墩果酸(Ⅲa);齐墩果酸(Ⅲb);β-谷甾醇(Ⅳa);β-谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅳb);3-O-甲基-鞣花酸-4'-α-L-鼠李糖甙(Ya);3-O-甲基鞣花酸(Vb);3,4-二-O-甲基鞣花酸(Vc);鞣花酸(Vd);(?)-茶儿茶素(Ⅵ);没食子酸(Ⅷa);原儿茶酸(Ⅷd);焦性没食子酚(Ⅶc)。其中Ia-Ie是一组尚未单离的新化合物。上述化令物,除( )-茶儿茶素外,均系首次从水丝梨属植物中发现。     

北风菌中的甾体和甾体苷类化合物

从口蘑科真菌北风菌(Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kummer)的乙酸乙酯部分分离鉴定了12个甾体类化合物,其中包括8个麦角甾醇类甾体及4个甾体苷.利用现代波谱技术及化学方法,鉴定了一个新化合物3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-5α, 6β, 9α-triol.其余11个已知化合物分别为22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 6β, 9α-tetraol、 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-5α, 6β-diol、 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol、 22E, 24R-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside、 ergosterol、 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-dien-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside、 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β-ol、 22E, 24R-ergosta-4, 6, 8, 22-tetraen-3-one、 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 6α-triol、 ergosterol peroxide 和22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α-diol-6-one.     

多苞裂萼苔化学成分的研究

目的研究裂萼苔属植物多苞裂萼苔Chiloscyphus polyonthus(L.)Cord的化学成分.方法用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱层析分离原植物乙醇提取物,根据所得化合物的理化性质、波谱数据确定结构.结果分离得到两个倍半萜类化合物,分别鉴定为(-)-桉烷-3-烯-6α-乙酰氧-7α-醇(Ⅰ)、(+)-桉烷-3-烯-7a-醇(Ⅱ);此外,尚得到β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ)和胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ).结论化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

猴头菌子实体化学成分研究

利用柱色谱技术从猴头菌(Hercium erinaceus)干燥子实体的甲醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,经波谱技术分别鉴定为:D-赤藓糖醇(1)、D-阿拉伯糖醇(2)、1-O-β-D-吡哺葡萄糖基-(2S,4E,8E,2'R)-2-N-(2'-羟基十六烷酰)-9-甲基-4,8-sphingadienine(3)、3β-羟基-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯(4)、3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯(5)、硬脂酸(6)、油酸(7)、hericenone F(8)、hericenone C (9)、hericenone E(10)和hericene A(11).研究结果表明,hericenones型酚类物质在猴头菌子实体中含量丰富,化合物3是从猴头菌子实体中首次分离得到的脑酰胺类物质.     

发网菌目黏菌子实体微量元素的初步分析

运用能散X-射线微区分析技术研究了发网菌目黏菌代表种的子实体的微量元素组成,结果表明:分属于7属的7种供试发网黏菌子实体囊被上的微量元素组成存在差异。尽管在显微镜下观察不到可见的如绒泡菌目黏菌子实体中存在的石灰质颗粒,但其中的钙元素所占比例均仍较高。同时,元素组成上的差异与子实体的颜色没有相关性。     

茶藨子叶孔菌子实体(忍冬)的化学成分研究(英文)

从茶藨子叶孔菌(忍冬)中分离了8个化合物,通过波谱法和理化性质分别鉴定为豆甾醇(1),二十八酸(2),β-谷甾醇(3),麦角甾醇(4),麦角甾醇过氧化物(5),壬二酸(6),烟酸(7),原儿茶酸(8)。化合物1,3,6均为首次从该属真菌中分到。     

齿菌子实体的化学成分研究

利用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析分离手段,从高等真菌齿菌(Hydnellumsp.No.2)子实体的甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,经现代光谱学技术鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E,24R)-3β-羟基-24-甲基胆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(3)、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(4)、(24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)、Tuberoside(6)和脑苷脂B(7)。化合物4、5、6、7为该属首次报道。     

Purification and Chemical Composition of Reticulate Bodies of the Meningopneumonitis Organisms

Reticulate bodies of the meningopneumonitis (MP) microorganism were purified from L cells 18 hr after infection by the combination of differential centrifugation in 30% sucrose solution and potassium tartrate density gradient centrifugation. It was ascertained by electron microscopy that purified preparations of reticulate bodies obtained were almost entirely free of host-cell components and of infectious elementary bodies of MP microorganisms. Purified reticulate bodies were easily disrupted by mechanical agitation, and it was observed in shadowed preparation that ribosome-like particles 15 mmu in diameter were scattered from broken reticulate bodies. In shadowed preparations, reticulate bodies were found to range in size from 1.0 to 1.6 mu in diameter, but in cross-section the range was 0.5 to 1.0 mu. In these preparations, the purified reticulate bodies were irregular in shape, round or oval, and were composed of rather homogenous, amorphous, or reticulate material with moderate density. Some particles exhibited a less-dense internal structure, in which a coarse fibrous reticulum was seen. Chemical fractionation of (32)P-labeled purified reticulate bodies showed that they contained three times more ribonucleic acid (RNA) than deoxyribonucleic acid, with the RNA being composed primarily of 21S, 16S, and 4S RNA. No infectivity of purified reticulate bodies could be demonstrated.     

Interconnected Cavernous Structure of Bacterial Fruiting Bodies

The formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies by myxobacteria is a fascinating case of multicellular self-organization by bacteria. The organization of Myxococcus xanthus into fruiting bodies has long been studied not only as an important example of collective motion of bacteria, but also as a simplified model for developmental morphogenesis. Sporulation within the nascent fruiting body requires signaling between moving cells in order that the rod-shaped self-propelled cells differentiate into spores at the appropriate time. Probing the three-dimensional structure of myxobacteria fruiting bodies has previously presented a challenge due to limitations of different imaging methods. A new technique using Infrared Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) revealed previously unknown details of the internal structure of M. xanthus fruiting bodies consisting of interconnected pockets of relative high and low spore density regions. To make sense of the experimentally observed structure, modeling and computer simulations were used to test a hypothesized mechanism that could produce high-density pockets of spores. The mechanism consists of self-propelled cells aligning with each other and signaling by end-to-end contact to coordinate the process of differentiation resulting in a pattern of clusters observed in the experiment. The integration of novel OCT experimental techniques with computational simulations can provide new insight into the mechanisms that can give rise to the pattern formation seen in other biological systems such as dictyostelids, social amoeba known to form multicellular aggregates observed as slugs under starvation conditions.