Synonymy of Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulopsis burgeffiana

Torulopsis burgeffiana is placed in the genus Metschnikowia because it has been shown to have a perfect stage corresponding with this genus. Due to the characteristic shape of the ascus and ascospores, T. burgeffiana is to be considered a synonym of M. pulcherrima. The physiological differences which exist between strains are not sufficiently important to maintain a separate species.     

Ascospore formation in yeasts related to Torulopsis candida

Ascospore formation was found in the type strains Torulopsis famata (Harrison) Lodder et Kreger van Rij, T. minor (Pollaci et Nannizi) Lodder and Candida flareri (Ciferri et Redaelli) Langeron et Guerra. The names of these species should be considered as a synonym of Debaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder et Kreger van Rij.     

Torulopsis pampelonensis sp. nov. A new species of yeast isolated from beech forest soil

A new yeast species, Torulopsis pampelonensis is described. Six strains were recovered from a gleyic Andosol under a beech forest and two other strains from the surface of fallen leaves of Fagus silvatica L. Although it showed some morphological and physiological similarities with Torulopsis tannotolerans Jacob and Torulopsis navarrensis Ramírez and Moriyón, it differed from all Torulopsis species presently known.     

Cell-wall structure,mitosis and urease activity in Torulopsis species of high GC content

Five Torulopsis species, in which, characteristically, the mean molar percentage of guanine plus cytosine of the DNA bases (GC content) is above 50%, were examined to determine their cell-wall structure; the mode of bud formation; course of mitosis and their urease activity. The two urease-negative species, T. gropengiesseri (% GC 57.1) and T. silvatica (% GC 56.3), were found to possess affinitive properties which characterize perfect ascomycetous yeast species. In the urease-positive species, T. fujisanensis (% GC 65.0–66.1), T. ingeniosa (% GC 55.6) and T. philyla (% GC 63.9), there appeared to be a correlation between pronounced urease activity and the affinitive properties which characterize perfect basidiomycetous yeast species. Pronounced urease activity has, however, also been found in the ascomycetous species Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Consequently neither high GC ratios nor the presence of urease activity when considered individually, can be taken as reliable criteria when attempting to establish the affinity of yeasts the perfect states of which are not known, with the Basidiomycetes. A strain of the ascomycetous species Sclerotinia trifoliorum was examined by electron microscopy for comparative purposes.     

Torulopsis mogii sp.n.

The new speciesTorulopsis mogii is proposed as a substitute for the seven following, invalidly describedTorulopsis species:T. miso β, T. miso β var. 2,T. miso γ, T. miso γ var. 1,T. miso ζ, T. miso η by Mogi (1938, 1942) andT. osloensis by Dietrichson (1954).     

Anaerostipes caccae gen. nov., sp. nov., a new saccharolytic,acetate-utilising,butyrate-producing bacterium from human faeces

Two strains of a previously undescribed Eubacterium-like bacterium were isolated from human faeces. The strains are Gram-variable, obligately anaerobic, catalase negative, asporogenous rod-shaped cells which produced acetate, butyrate and lactate as the end products of glucose metabolism. The two isolates displayed 99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other and treeing analysis demonstrated the faecal isolates are far removed from Eubacterium sensu stricto and that they represent a new subline within the Clostridium coccoides group of organisms. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic criteria, it is proposed that the two strains from faeces be classified as a new genus and species, Anaerostipes caccae. The type strain of Anaerostipes caccae is NCIMB 13811T (= DSM 14662T).     

New clade of silicified bolidophytes that belong to Triparma (Bolidophyceae,Stramenopiles)

The small phytoplankton genus Triparma belongs to the class Bolidophyceae and contains two distinct forms: silicified species and naked flagellated species (formerly Bolidomonas). Recent studies showed that four silicified species/strains (Triparma laevis f. inornata, T. laevis f. longispina, T. strigata, and T. aff. verrucosa) belong to a single clade that is paraphyletic, because it also contains an unclassified flagellated strain, and is sister to a flagellated species, T. eleuthera. In this study, we isolated and characterized two new strains of silicified species to test the phylogenetic unity of silicified bolidophytes. The isolates were identified as T. retinervis strains because they possessed fine areolation on the cell wall. 18S rDNA and rbcL phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that T. retinervis formed a new silicified clade that is sister to the flagellated species T. pacifica. This reveals that there are at least two distinct clades including both silicified and flagellated Triparma species.     

Ascospores in the type species of the genus Torulopsis

It has been found that the type species, T. colliculosa, of the form genus Torulopsis constitutes a perfect state forming ascospores. It is proposed that the same “Torulopsis Lodder et Kreger-Van Rij” based on a new type, be conserved against the earlier homonym “Torulopsis Berlese” which is based on the type T. rosea.     

Torulopsis bombicola sp. n.

A new yeast species,Torulopsis bombicola, is described, that produces extracellular hydroxy fatty acid sophorosides. It utilizes relatively few carbon compounds. It forms a mannan having a proton magnetic resonance spectrum similar to the spectra of the galactomannans ofTorulopsis apis, Torulopsis nodaensis andT. magnoliae, but differing from those ofT. gropengiesseri galactomannan andT. apicola mannan.Issued as N.R.C.C. No. 11234.The authors wish to thank Mr. M. Mazurek for the determination of the p.m.r. spectra, and Mr. N. R. Gardner and Mr. R. J. Magus for valuable technical assistance.     

Geobacillus jurassicus sp. nov., a new thermophilic bacterium isolated from a high-temperature petroleum reservoir, and the validation of the Geobacillus species

Four thermophilic, spore-forming bacterial strains, DS1(T), DS2, 46 and 49, were isolated from the high-temperature Dagang oilfield, located in China. The strains were identified by using the polyphasic taxonomy approach. These were aerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped, moderately thermophilic (with an optimum growth temperature of 60-65 degrees C), chemoorganotrophic bacteria capable of growing on various sugars, carboxylic acids and crude oil. Two strains, DS1(T) and DS2, were capable of growing on individual saturated hydrocarbons. The G + C content of the DNA of strains DS1(T) and DS2 was 54.5 and 53.8 mol%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA of strains DS1(T) and DS2 showed that they form a separate cluster within the genus Geobacillus. The cellular fatty acids of the isolates were dominated by iso-15:0, iso-16:0 and iso-17:0 acids, which are the typical fatty acids of bacteria from the genus Geobacillus. The DNA-DNA hybridization study and the comparative analysis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strains DS1(T) and DS2 showed that they differ from the previously described Geobacillus species and belong to a new species, which was called Geobacillus jurassicus. DS1(T) (=VKM B2301(T), = DSM 15726(T)) is the type strain of this species. According to both DNA-DNA reassociation studies and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, two other strains, 46 and 49, were assigned to the species G. stearothermophilus. In this paper, we provide evidence that the new combinations G. stearothermophilus, G. thermoleovorans, G. kaustophilus, G. thermoglucosidasius and G. thermodenitrificans may be considered to be valid.     

Ketoconazole resistance in Torulopsis glabrata

The majority of clinical isolates of T. glabrata has been shown highly sensitive to ketoconazole, when tested with an agar dilution method, and resistant, when using a broth dilution method. The fact was accounted for the high degree of mutation associated with the haploid state present in this species. Experimental T. glabrata infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice appears not respond to the oral administration of the drug. The results agree with that of broth dilution tests and not with those produced by the agar methods. It seems that agar dilution sensitivity tests are inadequate for yeast species with an high rate of mutation, as T. glabrata.     

Species pattern and genetic diversity of Trichoderma in a mid-European,primeval floodplain-forest

We investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of Trichoderma in the river Danube national park, a primeval, riparian forest area located south-east of Vienna (Austria) which represents one of the last cases of an original European river-floodplain landscape. Forty-six strains were isolated and identified at the species level by analysis of morphological characters, by sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and 2) of the rDNA cluster and--in some cases--a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1alpha (tef1) gene, and RAPD-analysis. Twenty-one strains were positively identified as T. harzianum, thirteen as T. rossicum, four as T. cerinum, two as T. hamatum, and one each as T. atroviride and T. koningii: four strains yielded two different ITS1 and 2 as well as tef1 sequence types, which were not alignable with any known species. Our studies show that they represent two new taxa of Trichoderma.     

海南热带雨林腐木上两个无性型子囊菌酵母新种

用含木糖为唯一碳源和含葡萄糖及7.6%乙醇的两种富集培养基对采自海南热带雨林腐木样品中的酵母菌进行了分离培养。对分离出的酵母菌株进行的分子分类学研究表明,其中两株酵母菌X2WZ07-4和G2WZ06-1代表两个无性型子囊菌酵母新种。大亚基(26S)rRNA基因D1/D2域序列分析显示,与X2WZ07-4和G2WZ06-1亲缘关系最近的已知种分别为Candida cylindracea和C.llanquihuensis。在D1/D2域,X2WZ07-4与C.cylindracea模式菌株的碱基序列差异为2.5%;G2WZ06-1与C.llanquihuensis模式菌株的序列差异为3.9%,均远大于酵母菌种间在此区域的序列差异(～1%)。这两个新种分别被命名为拟柱形假丝酵母Candida pseudocylindracea sp.nov.(模式菌株:X2WZ07-4T=AS2.3788T=CBS10854T)和五指山假丝酵母Candida wuzhishanensis sp.nov.(模式菌株:G2WZ06-1T=AS2.3784T=CBS10850T)。     

Revision of the Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) species complex, with description of two new species infesting thistles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Ceutorhynchinae)

Abstract The Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) species complex is defined and revised and two new sibling species are described and figured: T. briesei (type locality: San Esteban de Gormaz, Soria, Spain) and T. mortadelo (type locality: Canberra, Australia, introduced). The existence of these siblings could explain the different food preferences observed between the different populations or strains of the supposed single species T. horridus .     

Two new anamorphic yeasts, Candida thailandica sp. nov. and Candida lignicola sp. nov., isolated from insect frass in Thailand

Two new yeast strains of the genus Candida were isolated from insect frass collected in Khao-Yai National Park, Nakhonrachasima, Thailand. Based on the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA gene, these two strains were found to represent two distinct undescribed species and were named Candida thailandica sp. nov. (ST-17 = BCC 7717(T) = NBRC 102562(T)=CBS 10 610) and Candida lignicola sp. nov. (ST-33 = BCC 7733(T) = NBRC 102564(T) = CBS 10612). In the D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA gene, C. thailandica (GeneBank accession no. AY228491) differs from Candida tsuchiyae, the nearest species, in 66 nucleotide substitutions (10%) and C. lignicola (GeneBank accession no. AY845350) differs from Candida coipomoensis, the nearest species, in nine nucleotides (1.6%). These two new species are clearly distinguished from their closest species by the assimilation of several carbon compounds.     

Rhodococcus aetherivorans sp. nov., a new species that contains methyl t-butyl ether-degrading actinomycetes

The taxonomic positions of two actinomycetes, strains Bc663 and 10bc312T, provisionally assigned to the genus Rhodococcus were determined using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. The organisms have phenotypic properties typical of members of the genus Rhodococcus and were assigned to the 16S rRNA subgroup which contains Rhodococcus rhodochrous and closely related species. The two strains, which have many phenotypic features in common, belong to the same genomic species albeit one readily separated from Rhodococcus ruber with which they form a distinct phyletic line. The organisms were also distinguished from all of the species classified in the R. rhodochrous subgroup, including R. ruber, using a combination of phenotypic properties. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains Bc663 and 10bc312T merit recognition as a new species of Rhodococcus. The name proposed for the new species is Rhodococcus aetherivorans (10bc312T = DSM 44752T = NCIMB 13964T).     

Mycobacterium kumamotonense Sp. Nov. recovered from clinical specimen and the first isolation report of Mycobacterium arupense in Japan: Novel slowly growing, nonchromogenic clinical isolates related to Mycobacterium terrae complex

Three mycobacterium strains isolated from clinical specimens in Japan were provisionally assigned to the genus Mycobacterium based on their phenotypical characteristics. These isolates were further investigated to determine their specific taxonomic statuses. Mycolic acid analysis and 16S rRNA gene, rpoB, and hsp65 sequence data for the isolates showed that they are most similar to M. terrae complex. DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that the three strains were of two species and were distinguishable from M. terrae, M. nonchromogenicum, and M. hiberniae. Therefore, these strains represent two novel species within the genus Mycobacterium. However, one potential new species should have been considered as M. arupense with the 16S rRNA gene and hsp65 sequences similarities of 99.8% and 100% respectively; it was isolated from human specimens in the United States and was proposed in June 2006 as a new species. This report describes the first isolation of M. arupense in Japan, suggesting that the organism is clinically relevant. In addition, we propose the novel species designation Mycobacterium kumamotonense sp. nov. The type strain is CST 7247(T) (=GTC 2729(T), =JCM 13453(T), =CCUG 51961(T)).     

Two new ascomycetous anamorphic yeast species related to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida friedrichii</Emphasis>—<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida jaroonii</Emphasis> sp. nov., and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida songkhlaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov.—isolated in Thailand

In a study of yeast diversity in Thailand, eight strains of hitherto undescribed anamorphic yeasts were isolated: four from insect frass, two from Marasmius sp. fruiting bodies, one from a flower, and one from jackfruit exudates. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA nucleotide sequences indicated that the eight strains represented two new species related to Candida friedrichii. Genetic separation of the two new species was further supported by DNA-DNA hybridization analysis, which resulted in between-species similarity values of less than 48%, and by electrophoretic karyotyping. The two new species are C. jaroonii sp. nov. (type strain, ST-300(T) = NBRC 103209(T) = BCC 11783(T) = CBS 10790(T)) and C. songkhlaensis sp. nov. (type strain, ST-328(T) = NBRC 103214(T) = BCC 11804(T) = CBS 10791(T)).