组成型表达重组人C-反应蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株构建

目的:构建组成型表达重组人C-反应蛋白(Recombinant human C-reactive protein,rhCRP)的毕赤酵母工程菌株,表达、纯化rhCRP并鉴定其免疫反应性。方法:将设计合成的rhCRP基因克隆到表达载体pGAPZαA上并转化至毕赤酵母X-33中进行组成型分泌表达,通过His亲和层析柱纯化rhCRP。分别采用SDS-PAGE、Western blot和间接ELISA法检测目的蛋白并鉴定其免疫反应性。结果:重组表达载体pGAPZαA/rhCRP经酶切及DNA测序鉴定构建成功。重组毕赤酵母工程菌株成功组成型表达23kDa的rhCRP,27h即达到最大表达水平,表达量约3mg/L。经一步分离纯化获得纯度为96.58%的rhCRP,经间接ELISA检测表明其具有免疫反应性。结论:成功构建了组成型分泌表达rhCRP的毕赤酵母菌株,为进一步自主研发人CRP检测试剂奠定了基础。     

季也蒙毕赤酵母菌尿酸酶基因的克隆、重组表达及表征

目的:克隆一种季也蒙毕赤酵母菌的尿酸酶蛋白编码基因,并通过重组表达和表征进行确认。方法:测定酵母细胞株C.G.M.C.C 2.1008的rRNA序列鉴定其所属种,串联质谱分析此天然尿酸酶肽段序列搜索同源蛋白,测定转录组验证其诱导表达属性,据季也蒙毕赤酵母ATCC6260基因组信息推断所得尿酸酶(Uniprot id:A5DFP1)的编码序列设计引物,从C.G.M.C.C 2.1008细胞株cDNA中PCR扩增尿酸酶基因,测序后再克隆至定向表达载体pDE1及pDE2中构建带6His标签的重组表达质粒pDE1-MGU和pDE2-MGU,同时构建无6His标签的表达质粒RMGU。在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达此真菌尿酸酶,SDS-PAGE和MALDI-TOF-MS测定肽段分子质量,以尿酸为底物测定其动力学参数及抑制剂敏感性等性质,并与天然尿酸酶进行比较。结果:rRNA序列表明此菌株为季也蒙毕赤酵母,串联质谱分析胰蛋白酶解肽段表明此天然真菌尿酸酶与尿酸酶A5DFP1高度相似,转录组测序支持此尿酸酶基因高效诱导表达。用所设计引物经PCR从cDNA快速获得编码序列,T载体测序显示其与A5DFP1编码序列仅在第435位碱基不同但氨基酸仍相同。SDS-PAGE发现重组R-MGU肽段约35k Da;MALDI-TOF-MS发现其肽段约17.43k Da且与天然酶一致,但按氨基酸序列计算分子质量仅为33.98k Da,表明其可能存在化学修饰。重组表达带6His标签尿酸酶纯化后比活性接近6.0U/mg;R-MGU米氏常数、代表抑制剂的抑制常数及分子质量与天然尿酸酶无差别,但R-MGU很难纯化,使其相同条件下的热稳定性比纯化天然酶略差。结论:成功克隆了一种季也蒙毕赤酵母菌的尿酸酶,并实现其活性形式的重组表达。     

毕赤酵母菌高效表达乙肝表面抗原的研究

目的:筛选高效表达HBsAg的毕赤酵母茵,制备目的蛋白.方法:从已确诊的乙肝病人血清中提取DNA,PCR扩增HBVS基因,将其分别克隆入毕赤酵母胞内表达栽体pPICZA中.构建重组质粒pPICZA-S和pPICZA-SH,经Sac I线性化后,LiCI化学法转化入酵母茵株GS115、X-33、KM71H和SMD1168.结果:诱导表达后的GS115工程茼单位体积的培养基所得的抗原含量最高,诱导培养基中加入0.1%酪蛋氨基酸后,可抑制目的蛋白的水解,有利于目的蛋白的表达,粗略估算表达量为15.3mg/L,最佳收获时间为72 h.结论:经SDS-PAGE和Westcrn-blot分析表明,所得产物为乙肝表面抗原S蛋白.     

毕赤酵母液滴微流控高通量筛选方法的建立与应用

巴斯德毕赤酵母是当前应用最为方便和广泛的外源蛋白表达系统之一,为了进一步提高其表达外源蛋白的能力,文中建立了基于液滴微流控的毕赤酵母高通量筛选方法,并以木聚糖酶融合荧光蛋白为例,筛选获得木聚糖酶表达和分泌能力提高的突变株。通过PCR扩增得到木聚糖酶xyn5基因和绿色荧光蛋白gfp基因融合片段,并克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中构建出木聚糖酶融合绿色荧光蛋白的质粒pPIC9K-xyn5-gfp,电转化至毕赤酵母GS115中得到表达木聚糖酶和绿色荧光蛋白的毕赤酵母SG菌株。该菌株经过常压室温等离子体诱变后进行单细胞液滴包埋,液滴培养24h后进行微流控筛选,获得高表达木聚糖酶的突变菌株,进而用于下一轮的诱变突变库构建和筛选。以此类推,经过5轮液滴微流控筛选,获得一株高产菌株SG-m5,其木聚糖酶活为149.17U/mg,较出发菌株提升300%,分泌外源蛋白的能力较出发菌株提高160%。文中建立的毕赤酵母单细胞液滴微流控高通量筛选方法能达到每小时10万菌株的筛选通量,筛选百万级别的菌株库仅需10h,消耗荧光试剂体积100μL,对比传统的微孔板筛选方法降低试剂成本近百万倍,为高效、低成本筛选获得表达和分泌外源蛋白能力提高的毕赤酵母提供了一条新途径。     

HPV18晚期蛋白L1在毕赤酵母菌中的表达及鉴定

目的:用毕赤酵母胞内表达载体构建含人乳头瘤病毒18型(HPV18)L1基因质粒,诱导表达并进行鉴定。方法:按照毕赤酵母密码子偏爱性原则,合成全长L1基因,然后克隆到pAO819表达载体上,在体外分别构建含一个拷贝和二个拷贝的L1基因载体。线形化后转化到GS115酵母细胞,经G418抗性筛选,获高拷贝重组子并经甲醇诱导表达,表达产物采用化学发光Western blot鉴定,一抗为抗HPV18L1蛋白鼠抗血清。结果:在55kDa处有诱导蛋白免疫印迹出现,并在电镜下观察到HPV18的病毒样颗粒(VLPs),证明该表达系统能表达出HPV18 L1蛋白。结论:本实验构建的毕赤酵母表达菌株,可经甲醇诱导表达HPV18L1晚期蛋白,为进一步研制人乳头瘤病毒18型基因工程疫苗打下基础。     

FAD依赖的葡萄糖脱氢酶多拷贝毕赤酵母菌株的构建及高效表达

通过体外多拷贝构建实现FAD依赖的葡萄糖脱氢酶(FAD-GDH)在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)X33菌株中的高效表达。将前期构建的经密码子偏好性优化FAD-GDH基因插入到pPICZαA质粒中，通过同尾酶法酶切酶连构建含1～4个表达盒的重组表达质粒，分别电转至毕赤酵母X33中，成功筛选到各种重组菌株。qRT-PCR测定结果表明，载体所含的表达盒数目与嵌合进毕赤酵母基因组中的GDH基因拷贝数之间存在正相关关系。重组菌在试管水平用甲醇诱导72 h,酶活达到最高，其中4拷贝的转化子表达水平最高；选择1拷贝和4拷贝转化子进行10 L发酵罐扩大培养，1拷贝菌株诱导108 h酶活达到最高697.125 U/mL,4拷贝菌株诱导132 h酶活达到最高1 063.279 U/mL,比1拷贝酶活提高52.52%。结果表明通过增加目的基因拷贝数策略有助于提高FAD-GDH的表达量，为其进一步扩大生产提供参考。     

重组人kallistatin蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及生物活性分析

为了研究kallistatin(Kal)的生物活性,本实验构建了可分泌表达Kal的毕赤酵母菌株。首先通过PCR方法从pAAV-Kal中扩增出KalcDNA,并克隆至酵母表达载体pPIC9,得到甲醇酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9-Kal,然后将载体线性化并电击转化毕赤酵母GS115(his4),通过MD平板筛选出阳性表达菌株。阳性表达菌株在BMMY培养基(pH7.0)中29℃培养,经2%甲醇诱导表达96h,摇瓶表达量可达14mg/L。表达上清经PhenylSuperose、Heparin SepharoseFF分离纯化,目的蛋白纯度达到98%,分子量为58kDa。生物活性实验显示,所得到的Kal蛋白具有较好的抗氧化活性,过氧化物酶活性达到(163±4)U/(mg·min),可有效降低H2O2对LX-2细胞的氧化损伤。另外,重组产生的Kal还能抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖。本研究首次成功地利用毕赤酵母表达系统分泌表达了有生物活性的Kal,为继续开展其抗肿瘤活性奠定了基础。     

毕赤酵母高效表达策略概述

毕赤酵母表达系统是外源蛋白表达的较为理想的系统,但是并不是所有蛋白都能利用此系统获得高效表达,不同来源的蛋白,其表达水平、生物活性和稳定性均存有明显差别。概述了影响毕赤酵母高效表达的主要因素以及外源蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达策略。     

毕赤酵母优化表达外源蛋白策略

毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达系统是一种异源蛋白表达的理想系统,但目前并非所有的外源蛋白都能在毕赤酵母中成功高效表达,不同的蛋白表现为不同表达水平、生物活性及稳定性。从遗传因素和表达条件综述了外源蛋白在毕赤酵母中的优化表达策略。     

影响毕赤酵母高效表达外源蛋白的因素

分析了毕赤酵母高效表达外源蛋白的机理以及影响毕赤酵母表达外源蛋白的作用因素。     

Rapid expression screening of eukaryotic membrane proteins in Pichia pastoris

The overexpression of milligram quantities of protein remains a key bottleneck in membrane protein structural biology. A challenge of particular difficulty has been the overproduction of eukaryotic membrane proteins. In order to cope with the frequently poor expression levels associated with these challenging proteins, it is often necessary to screen a large number of homologues to find a well expressing clone. To facilitate this process using the heterologous, eukaryotic expression host Pichia pastoris, we have developed a simple fluorescent induction plate‐screening assay that allows for the rapid detection of well expressing clones of eukaryotic membrane proteins that have been fused to GFP. Using a eukaryotic membrane protein known to express well in P. pastoris (human aquaporin 4) and homologues of the ER associated membrane protein phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PEMT), we demonstrate that when a large number of clones are screened, a small number of highly expressing “jackpot” clones can be isolated. A jackpot PEMT clone resulted in 5 mg/L yield after purification. The method allows for the facile simultaneous screening of hundreds of clones providing an alternate to in‐culture screening and will greatly accelerate the search for overexpressing eukaryotic membrane proteins.     

表达乙肝病毒包膜中蛋白的嗜甲醇毕赤酵母菌株的构建

巴斯德毕赤酵母是一种很有潜力的真核表达体系。本文报告将已克隆的乙型肝炎病毒ｐｒｅＳ２－Ｓ基因亚克隆于巴斯德毕赤酵母胞内表达质粒ｐＰＩＣ３,构建重组ｐＰＩＣ３／ｐｒｅＳ２－Ｓ质粒,经酶切线性化后,将其用电转化导入酵母细胞内,经ＰＣＲ及ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ检测,挑选出在染色体上稳定整合了乙肝病毒包膜中蛋白编码基因的嗜甲醇毕赤酵母菌株,为高效表达乙肝病毒包膜中蛋白奠定了基础     

Pathway analysis of Pichia pastoris to elucidate methanol metabolism and its regulation for production of recombinant proteins

This research rationally analyzes metabolic pathways of Pichia pastoris to study the metabolic flux responses of this yeast under methanol metabolism. A metabolic model of P. pastoris was constructed and analyzed by elementary mode analysis (EMA). EMA was used to comprehensively identify the cell's metabolic flux profiles and its underlying regulation mechanisms for the production of recombinant proteins from methanol. Change in phenotypes and flux profiles during methanol adaptation with varying feed mixture of glycerol and methanol was examined. EMA identified increasing and decreasing fluxes during the glycerol–methanol metabolic shift, which well agreed with experimental observations supporting the validity of the metabolic network model. Analysis of all the identified pathways also led to the determination of the metabolic capacities as well as the optimum metabolic pathways for recombinant protein synthesis during methanol induction. The network sensitivity analysis revealed that the production of proteins can be improved by manipulating the flux ratios at the pyruvate branch point. In addition, EMA suggested that protein synthesis is optimum under hypoxic culture conditions. The metabolic modeling and analysis presented in this study could potentially form a valuable knowledge base for future research on rational design and optimization of P. pastoris by determining target genes, pathways, and culture conditions for enhanced recombinant protein synthesis. The metabolic pathway analysis is also of considerable value for production of therapeutic proteins by P. pastoris in biopharmaceutical applications. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:28–37, 2014     

Genotyping of recombinant Pichia pastoris strains

A simplified amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to genotype Pichia pastoris strains obtained by transformation of P. pastoris strain GS115 with a single integration vector. A total of 14 transformants and 3 control strains were analyzed, which generated 16 different band patterns. A clonal variation was obtained after the transformation process due to genetic differences generated during the transformation event of the host strain. Furthermore, the cluster analysis showed that the transformants with lesser genetic differences with respect to the P. pastoris host strain are the recombinant strains with the highest level of recombinant protein production.     

毕赤酵母中植酸酶和内切葡聚糖酶共表达菌株的构建及其高效表达(英文)

植酸酶和内切葡萄糖苷酶广泛应用于动物饲料添加剂中,能更有效地帮助饲料的利用,同时为动物的生命活动提供必需的重要物质。首先构建重组质粒pPICZα-EG,经过线性化后,电转化到含有植酸酶phyA基因的毕赤酵母感受态细胞中,构成含有植酸酶基因和内切葡萄糖苷酶基因的重组体菌株GS115-phyA-EG。经甲醇诱导后其活性分别达到出发菌株GS115-phyA和GS115-EG的39.4%和56.2%。酶学性质的分析显示,最适反应温度和最适反应的pH值分别为55℃和5.5,植酸酶和内切葡萄糖苷酶在温度为45℃~55℃,pH值为4.5~5.5时,酶活相对稳定,均能达到最高酶活的80%以上。结果表明这种在同一个系统种同时表达2种酶的方法能更好地节约时间和成本,使其在饲料工业的应用上有更广阔的前景。     

人血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子抑制肿瘤部位新生血管的形成,切断肿瘤细胞营养供应及废物排泄通道,抑制肿瘤细胞恶性增殖。将编码成熟的人血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子基因克隆到表达载体pPICZα中,电转化P.pastorisGS115菌株,抗生素ZeocinTM浓度梯度筛选高抗性转化子,PCR筛选阳性重组菌株。经表型鉴定后,用甲醇进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹杂交结果证实了表达产物为重组人血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子-his6融合蛋白,表达量约为5mg/L。经细胞毒性试验测定,表达产物对人脐静脉内皮细胞HUVEC增殖具有较明显的抑制作用。