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1.
《Journal of Plant Ecology》2025,18(1)
Accurate estimation of vegetation biomass is a critical component for estimating terrestrial ecosystem carbon stocks. However, research on biomass estimation for herbaceous marshes remains limited. In this study, we collected 270 paired above-ground biomass (AGB) and trait data from reed marshes in Northeast China to estimate AGB, and 70 paired AGB and below-ground biomass (BGB) data from global literature to estimate BGB. The results showed that classifying reed marshes into saltwater and freshwater marshes greatly improved the model fit (R2 values of classified vs. overall models: >0.50 vs. >0.31 for AGB estimation and >0.50 vs. >0.10 for BGB estimation, respectively). A power-law allometric model using plant height as the sole predictor was optimal for AGB estimation, and the inclusion of plant density did not markedly enhance prediction accuracy. The power function also effectively described the relationship between AGB and BGB, with scaling exponents of 1.13 and 0.60 for saltwater and freshwater marshes, respectively. Our results indicate that saltwater and freshwater marsh classification is necessary for accurate wetland vegetation carbon estimation. These findings provide valuable insights into the prediction of carbon dynamics in wetland ecosystem and supports a better understanding of wetland carbon sequestration. 相似文献
2.
林分空间结构的改变直接影响林下草本物种的多样性。以针叶纯林、针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林为研究对象,采用结构方程模型研究了林分空间结构对林下草本物种多样性的影响,并探讨了林分水平空间结构,垂直空间结构以及林木竞争态势对林下草本物种多样性的影响的相对重要性。结果表明,林分水平空间结构对林下草本的物种多样性指数和物种均匀性指数均存在极显著的影响(P<0.001),影响系数高达0.96和0.89,对林下草本物种丰富度存在显著影响(P<0.01),影响系数为0.22;林分垂直空间结对林下草本丰富度和物种均匀性指数均存在极显著的影响(P<0.001),影响系数分别为0.86和0.43,对林下草本物种多样性指数存在显著影响(P<0.01),影响系数为0.16;林木竞争指数与林下草本丰富度和物种多样性指数也均存在极显著的影响(P<0.001),但影响系数较小,分别为-0.47和-0.30,而对林下草本物种均匀性指数未达到显著影响作用(P>0.05),影响系数仅为-0.04。整体上看,林分水平空间结构、垂直空间结构和林木竞争态势均对林下草本物种多样性有较强的影响作用,但从... 相似文献
3.
植物根系对提高边坡稳定性具有重要作用。采用喷播的方式在侵蚀槽中制备模拟石质边坡,植物生长6个月后采用全根挖掘和Win-RHIZO根系分析仪扫描相结合的方法,研究了模拟边坡条件下11种常见护坡植物苗期的根系构型特征。结果表明:紫花苜蓿根系生物量最大,柠条根系生物量最小,二者主根发达,仅分布在下坡方向。沙打旺、胡枝子、紫穗槐和欧李根系生物量、总根数、总基根数、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积均较大,在上坡方向和下坡方向分布均匀,拓扑指数介于0.53—0.61之间,为叉状分枝结构,根系固土护坡能力较强,可作为边坡生态修复工程的优选植物。根系生物量与根系表面积、根体积呈现显著的线性正相关关系(R2分别为0.68和0.80),拓扑指数与根系长度、根系表面积、总根数、总基根数呈现显著的指数负相关关系(R2分别为0.82、0.68、0.87、0.86),可为植物根系构型研究提供科学依据及理论支撑。 相似文献
4.
林下草本物种多样性在维持西北干旱与半干旱地区的生态系统服务功能方面起着重要作用,探究其相关影响因素,可为祁连山东部地区的人工生态公益林的可持续经营提供理论基础。选取位于祁连山东部地区的针叶纯林、阔叶纯林、针叶混交林、针阔混交林(人工林)为研究对象,在相关性分析的基础上构建草本物种多样性的多因素参数预测模型和结构方程非参效应模型,探究多重因素(林分空间结构、林分非空间结构、环境因子)间的关系以及对林下草本物种多样性的影响程度。结果表明:(1)针阔混交林中林下草本的科、属、种数量最多。(2)平均胸径、平均树高、角尺度、混交度、大小比、坡度与草本物种多样性呈显著性相关(P<0.05)。(3)平均胸径是影响林下草本Simpson多样性指数的关键因子;坡度是影响林下草本Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的关键因子;角尺度、混交度是影响Pielou均匀性指数的关键因子;平均胸径、平均树高是影响物种丰富度的关键因子。(4)结构方程非参效应模型显示林分结构是影响草本物种多样性的关键因子(P<0.001),环境因子是影响草本物种多样性的重要因子(P<0.05)。因此,在后续森林植被恢复措施中,应当着重考虑林分的空间结构,形成随机分布的异龄复层混交林,以增加光合利用效率并遵循生态位互补理论,从而提高草本多样性。 相似文献
5.
生物结皮在干旱和半干旱气候区占据了广阔的生态位,深刻影响草本植物的空间格局,但其影响程度和作用途径目前仍存有争议。分别以黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土上的蓝藻结皮和藓结皮为对象,以无结皮为对照,通过样方法调查并测定了生物结皮与无结皮样地中草本植物的多样性和生物量,继而结合灰色关联分析和结构方程模型,对比分析了两类生物结皮对草本植物多样性和生物量的影响程度及作用途径。结果表明:(1)风沙土上,无结皮样地的优势科为禾本科和菊科,蓝藻结皮样地的优势科为藜科,藓结皮样地的优势科为禾本科,而黄绵土上无结皮样地的优势科为菊科、禾本科和豆科,蓝藻结皮样地的优势科与无结皮相似,藓结皮样地的优势科为禾本科和菊科;(2)与无结皮相比,风沙土上蓝藻结皮和藓结皮样地中多年生草本的株数分别增加了30%和16%,而黄绵土上两类生物结皮样地中多年生草本株数则分别增加了44%和减少了46%;(3)与无结皮相比,风沙土上蓝藻结皮和藓结皮样地中草本植物的Patrick和Shannon指数分别降低了1.0、0.2和3.4、0.5;而黄绵土上蓝藻结皮和藓结皮样地中两种多样性指数分别降低了4.8、0.2和4.2、0.4;(4)风沙土上蓝藻结皮和藓结皮样地的草本植物生物量比无结皮减少了111.5 g/m2和145.0 g/m2,而在黄绵土上则分别减少了127.8 g/m2和172.2 g/m2;(5)灰色关联分析显示,土壤穿透阻力对草本植物的多样性影响最大(关联系数分别为0.960和0.996),而NH4+-N和NO3--N含量对草本植物的生物量影响最大(两种土壤上关联系数分别为0.727和0.752)。综上,黄土高原生物结皮显著降低了草本植物的多样性和生物量,其途径为通过增加土壤穿透阻力以降低草本植物的种子萌发几率并限制幼苗根系伸展,同时通过土壤氮竞争限制了草本植物生长。 相似文献
6.
MARIE-LAURE NAVAS† JEAN-LOUIS GUILLERM JACQUES FABREGUETTES JACQUES ROY 《Global Change Biology》1995,1(5):325-335
We studied the effects of a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration on intact monoliths of Mediterranean grassland in growth chambers where climatic field conditions were simulated. During the six month growing season, changes in community structure were monitored by quantifying species richness and cover. The CO2 exchange of microcosms was measured continuously and the resulting quantity and quality of biomass were evaluated. Species richness and cover did not respond to elevated CO2. After one month of treatment, CO2 exchange measured during the day did not differ between CO2 levels but the night respiration was two-fold higher under elevated CO2. Stimulations of both day and night CO2 flux by short-term CO2 enrichment were recorded several times during the growing season. These results suggest that despite some downward adjustment of photosynthesis, net canopy photosynthesis was stimulated by elevated CO2, but this stimulation was compensated for by an increased respiration. The 20% stimulation of final phytomass under elevated CO2 was not significant: it resulted from unchanged live plant matter but a significant, 100% increase in litter accumulation. These results suggest that in low-productivity Mediterranean herbaceous systems, the greatest effect of CO2 is not on the storage of carbon in biomass but on the turnover of the carbon in the plants. 相似文献
7.
Rose-White is a unique genetic line of Aquilegia x hybrida Sims that will flower without a cold period, does not have an extended juvenile growth phase, and is responsive to gibberellin treatment. Plants treated at the 7-leaf stage with GA4/7 bolted and flowered 20 days earlier than untreated plants. Gibberellin treatment did not increase the growth rate (leaves/day), but induced flowering after the production of fewer leaves. Plant height and the number of flowers per plant increased significantly. GA4/7 treatment delayed flower senescence and abscission. Flower longevity was extended 3-fold when compared to untreated plants. Treatment response was more pronounced at lower temperatures (19°C day/12°C night) than at higher growing temperatures (24°C day/19°C night). GA3 was much less effective than GA4/7 in promoting flowering, and there was no response to benzyladenine. 相似文献
8.
正内生细菌对其寄主植物有防病、促生、固氮等多方面的有益生物学作用,能够增强植物抗病和抗逆能力,近年来已成为生防菌剂研制开发的重要资源。针茅属Stipa为多年生草本植物,主要分布于我国北方干旱地区,是高寒草甸类草地的优势牧草,在退化草地的生态系统恢复中也起着重要作用。王玉琴等发表的论文《针茅内生细菌菌株265ZY4的鉴定及其生物学功能》~[1]研究了分离自针茅Stipa capillata的内生细菌菌株265ZY4对马铃薯坏疽病、 相似文献
9.
黄土高原不同气象因子对中国沙棘亚居群遗传多样性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
顶生金花茶(Camellia terminalis)是一种濒危植物,主要分布在广西天等县石灰岩山钙质土上的常绿阔叶林内.采用样地调查、统计分析和回归模型预测等方法,对顶生金花茶种群的分布环境、资源量现状、大小和高度结构等进行了研究.结果表明:该种群主要依存于天等县小山乡的蚬木-石山樟林(P1)和任豆-蚬木林(P2)、福新乡的枝花李榄-石山楠林(P3)和齿叶大风子-闭花木林(P4)4种群落,构成灌木层的优势种和共优种;P1、P3和P4种群处于群落较稳定的典型常绿季雨林中,结构较完整,属于稳定或增长型;P2种群由于恶劣环境和频繁人为干扰的共同胁迫,有衰退的趋势;与小山乡生境相比,福新乡相对冷凉湿润的气候条件、丰厚肥沃的土层以及较轻度的人为干扰有利于顶生金花茶种群的发展.目前顶生金花茶种群的资源量有限,建议列为\"严重濒临灭绝\"(CR)等级. 相似文献
10.
Wenqi Song;Yichao Li;Ao Luo;Xiangyan Su;Yunpeng Liu;Yuan Luo;Ke Jiang;Denis Sandanov;Wei Wang;Zhiheng Wang; 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2024,33(10):e13897
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework requires that evolutionary histories of species should be considered in conservation planning. The phylogenetic structure of species assemblages quantifies species evolutionary histories and increasingly becomes an endeavour for ecologists. Understanding the geographic patterns of phylogenetic structure of species assemblages and their drivers can provide a fundamental reference for conservation planning. Although several theoretical hypotheses based on the effects of contemporary environment, historical climate change and evolutionary niche conservatism had been widely discussed in previous studies, the relative contributions of these hypotheses on phylogenetic structure of angiosperms, especially herbaceous species, remain debated. 相似文献
11.
Principal driving determinants (rainfall, geology, soil, tree density and canopy cover, animal numbers and feeding classes, and fire) of vegetation structure and function in the Lowveld savanna in South Africa were grouped for a 7‐year period to establish their influence on the limiting herbaceous layer. Grass type, abundance and cover were examined (450 sites; approximately 4000 km2). Using ordination, the variation and differences in the herbaceous‐response variables viz. perennial composition and cover allowed for the broad environmental grouping of areas of similar ecological potential. We demonstrate that areas of higher ecological potential carried higher densities of large herbivores without detrimentally affecting herbaceous composition and cover. The results have implications for land users and policy makers in terms of setting animal stocking density guidelines. 相似文献
12.
Yunpeng Liu Xiangyan Su Nawal Shrestha Xiaoting Xu Siyang Wang Yaoqi Li Qinggang Wang Denis Sandanov Zhiheng Wang 《Ecography》2019,42(2):334-345
Previous studies on large‐scale patterns in plant richness and underlying mechanisms have mostly focused on forests and mountains, while drylands covering most of the world's grasslands and deserts are more poorly investigated for lack of data. Here, we aim to 1) evaluate the plant richness patterns in Inner Asian drylands; 2) compare the relative importance of contemporary environment, historical climate, vegetation changes, and mid‐domain effect (MDE); and 3) explore whether the dominant drivers of species richness differ across growth forms (woody vs herbaceous) and range sizes (common vs rare). Distribution data and growth forms of 13 248 seed plants were compiled from literature and species range sizes were estimated. Generalized linear models and hierarchical partitioning were used to evaluate the relative contribution of different factors. We found that habitat heterogeneity strongly affected both woody and herbaceous species. Precipitation, climate change since the mid‐Holocene and climate seasonality dominated herbaceous richness patterns, while climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum dominated woody richness patterns. Rare species richness was strongly correlated with precipitation, habitat heterogeneity and historical climatic changes, while common species richness was strongly correlated with MDE (woody) or climate seasonality (herbaceous). Temperature had little effects on the species richness patterns of all groups. This study represents the first evaluation of the large‐scale patterns of plant species richness in the Inner Asian drylands. Our results suggest that increasing water deficit due to anthropogenic activities combined with future global warming may increase the extinction risk of many grassland species. Rare species (both herbaceous and woody) may face severe challenges in the future due to increased habitat destruction caused by urbanization and resource exploitation. Overall, our findings indicate that the hypotheses on species richness patterns based on woody plants alone can be insufficient to explain the richness patterns of herbaceous species. 相似文献
13.
芍药是一种适应性强的宿根花卉,尤其在干旱地区的应用具有良好前景。但芍药不同品种的抗性存在较大差异。本研究以4个芍药品种大富贵、粉玉奴、Karl Rosenfield和Duchesse de Nemours为材料,通过盆栽控水试验,研究不同水分胁迫水平对植株表型性状、光合指标、水分生理指标及其他生理指标的影响,以及4个品种的抗旱性。运用主成分分析和隶属函数法对抗旱能力进行综合评价。结果表明:4个品种的抗旱性依次为Karl Rosenfield>Duchesse de Nemours>粉玉奴>大富贵。这将为芍药在干旱地区的栽培应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
铅对山西省路域优势草本植物生长的影响及铅累积特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用温室盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度铅(0、500、1000、1500mg.kg-1)对14种山西省路域优势草本植物生长的影响及其铅吸收积累特征.结果表明:在14种草本植物中,随着铅浓度的增大,反枝苋和高丹草表现出明显的中毒症状,其他12种植物的株高和生物量与对照相比均无显著降低,表现出对铅污染具有一定的耐受性;藜和新麦草植株的地上部铅含量最低,各浓度铅处理下平均值分别为12.70和11.33mg.kg-1,地上部与根的铅含量比(S/R)最低,分别为0.12和0.10,表明二者为低积累植物,可用于铅污染土壤的植被恢复;红叶苋和绿叶苋植株地上部的铅迁移量最高,1500mg.kg-1铅处理下每百株铅迁移总量分别为53.37和45.29mg,可作为修复铅污染土壤的先锋植物. 相似文献
15.
Susanna Voltolini Paola Minale Costantino Troise Donatella Bignardi Paolo Modena Daniele Arobba Arsenio Corrado Negrini 《Aerobiologia》2000,16(2):245-249
In order to investigate the relationship betweenallergenic load and allergic sensitisation prevalenceon a long period, we analysed the annual data ofherbaceous pollen airborne diffusion in Genoa(NW-Italy) for 17 years (1981–1997), with particularregard to the most important allergenic species:Poaceae, Parietaria, Artemisia, Ambrosia. Weevaluated the relative trend and compared it with theprevalence data of patients sensitisation to thesepollens in the same period.The analysis of annual pollen amount revealed asignificant rising trend (r = 0.73, p < 0.05) of Parietaria pollen (average 14.324 grains/m3/year),whereas Poaceae (2048/year) and Artemisia(170/year) pollen count did not show any significantchange. Ambrosia (average 70/year) has been rising since 1989 (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and reached themaximum pollen count in the last three years.The prevalence of pollen sensitisation resulted to bevery high (about 75%) in our atopic patients withrespiratory symptoms and did not change significantlyin the years: Parietaria pollen allergy waspresent in about 70% of patients with at least oneSPT positive to pollens (and 55% of atopicsubjects), and this frequency, much higher than theone found in North Italy, showed low year-to-year variability.Among pollinotics patients, Poaceae cutaneoussensitisation was found at a quite stable rate in theabove mentioned period (about 51%), as well as thatto Artemisia pollen (8%). Ambrosia skinprick test positivity is very rare (about 0.5%),without any evident increase.The present study shows that, for some of theherbaceous species, we cannot demonstrate astraightforward relationship between the trend ofairborne pollen and the frequency of sensitisation inexposed people. However, in the case of Parietaria, the high level of pollen amount in theair is clearly related with the high rate of cutaneous positivity in patients, but it seems tosuggest a ``plateau' that is not modified by anyfurther increase in airborne pollen (perhaps forgenetic limiting factors). On the other hand, Ambrosia pollen count, even if increasing in Genoa'satmosphere, could still be too low, and it would takesome more time to cause allergic sensitisation in exposed people.This kind of study, pointing out the influence ofairborne allergen exposure on hypersensitivitymechanisms, should be extended in time and world-wideto obtain general conclusions. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. Vertical stratification was examined in a closely-mown lawn, at both the beginning and end of the mowing/regrowth cycle. Two treatments were examined: Undisturbed, which had been maintained as lawn for 30 yr, and Mechanically Perturbed, on which succession was occurring, after complete removal of vegetation 9.5 months previously. There was significant vertical stratification at both stages of the mowing/regrowth cycle, i.e. even immediately after mowing to a height of 3 cm, and in both treatments. There was general consistency of the vertical role of species during the cycle and between treatments. Relative vertical positions were not closely correlated with absolute leaf heights. However, in no case was the vertical position of a pair of species significantly reversed during the cycle or between treatments. No mutually cyclic vertical relations between species were seen. It is concluded that vertical stratification occurs in even the shortest communities, it starts to develop quite early in succession, and it is dependent largely on the intrinsic properties of the species, their height and (at least in lawns) their recovery from defoliation. 相似文献
17.
Plants only interact with neighbors over restricted distances, so local conditions are of great significance for plants. It
is therefore important to consider spatial structure and neighborhood effects if we are to understand plants' strategies.
We constructed a spatially-explicit, game theory model to explore optimal height growth at the individual-level. In the model,
there is no ESS for height growth at the population level, because there is an “instantaneous” optimal height growth strategy
for the individual plant that changes depending on the local light environment. The optimal strategy is plasticity in response
to local conditions. Game-theoretic models for plant phenotypic traits should move from “mean-field approximations” towards
explicit modeling of local interactions. 相似文献
19.
以草本花卉植物一串红和石竹为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了不同浓度垃圾渗滤液灌溉对土壤理化性质及生物学性质、植物生长、氮磷和重金属吸收的影响。渗滤液灌溉提高了土壤有机质、氮含量和电导率,其中,黄壤盐分积累速度大于紫色土,而对土壤磷和重金属含量的影响不明显,土壤脲酶活性随渗滤液浓度的提高呈先升高后降低趋势,紫色土和黄壤在渗滤液灌溉浓度分别为60%和40%时脲酶活性最强;随渗滤液浓度提高紫色土过氧化氢酶活性略为上升,黄壤过氧化氢酶活性降低。渗滤液灌溉使两种花卉根系生长受到抑制,但对植物地上部的生长发育存在低浓度促进高浓度抑制的双重作用。渗滤液灌溉可提高两种植物地上部的氮含量,对一串红磷含量影响不明显,使石竹磷含量降低,对Cu、Zn含量的影响因土壤和植物的不同而异,但高浓度渗滤液灌溉使两种植物Pb、Cr和Cd含量均提高。结果表明,适当浓度渗滤液灌溉具有改善土壤肥力,促进植物地上部生长发育的作用,渗滤液灌溉不会引起土壤和植物体内重金属过量积累,土壤氮过量积累导致的氮磷营养失调和盐分过度积累是高浓度渗滤液抑制植物生长的重要原因。从土壤性质变化和植物生长反应看,渗滤液灌溉浓度以20%—40%为佳。 相似文献
20.
采取人工控制实验,探讨了6种C3、C4草本植物在昼/夜温度指标为20/12℃!36/28℃的范围内植物碳同位素组成(δ13C)及其对温度变化的响应,并结合植物比叶面积(SLA)、胞间CO2浓度(ci)与环境CO2浓度(ca)的比值、碳同化率(净光合速率Pn/胞间CO2浓度ci)等光合生长指标对植物δ13C的影响进行了分析。结果表明:所有C3、C4植物样品的δ13C值分别变化在-28.3‰!-32.1‰和-14.4‰!-17.6‰之间;在C3植物中,油菜δ13C值分布范围最集中,位于-31.1‰!-32.1‰之间;C4植物中,谷子δ13C值分布范围最窄。在控制的温度范围内,3种C3植物的平均δ13C值随温度升高而显著变低,而C4植物δ13C平均值与温度呈先增大后减小的抛物型关系,但线性回归结果未达到显著水平(P0.05)。单个植物种的δ13C值对温度的响应不同,茄子、高粱的δ13C值与温度呈线性负相关,其它4种植物与温度均呈二次抛物线关系,这可能与不同植物种具有不同的光合最适温度以及植物δ13C分馏对温度变化的敏感程度不同有关。 相似文献