龙眼角颊木虱的初步研究

龙眼角颊本虱．分布于中国的福建、广东、海南和广西．是龙眼新梢嫩叶的一种重要害虫。1982—1983年在福州进行了这项研究。成虫在嫩梢,芽和叶上吸食为害,若虫固定于叶背吸食并形成下陷的虫瘘。因此在叶面布满小突起,叶片变小．畸形扭曲．影响新梢的抽生和叶片的正常生长,且为龙眼鬼帚病的传播介体。一年发生3—5代．世代重叠．并有部分滞育种群。若虫共4龄．大多数群体一年3代,8月间2龄若虫停育,继而越冬。部分发生4代2龄若虫9月底停育。发育成第五代的个体仅占少数,以2龄若虫从11月底开始停育越冬。翌年3月下旬(旬均温14．8℃),大部分若虫开始活动．3月底多数若虫老熟．成虫羽化产卵见于4月上、中旬。4月下旬盛孵。越冬代成虫迄5月中旬陆续羽化完毕。第一至四代成虫出现期．5月底至6月下旬;7月上中旬;9月上中旬;10月上旬至11月上中旬。成虫盛发产卵期与龙眼抽梢期相吻合,叶片的营养状况可能影响若虫的发育,4—6为一年中虫口数量的高峰期。文章对于形态和生物学也有较为详细的记述。     

柑桔木虱及其防治

柑砧术虱是柑桔新梢期重要害虫,刺吸为害。福建福州在柑桔上一年发生8代,在月桔、九里香上一年约发生10代左右,世代重叠,以成虫在柑桔叶背群集越冬,无完全滞育。4—5月气温22．3℃世代历期42．5天．6-7月27．2℃为24．4天．8月28．1℃为23．2天。10-12月19.6℃为52．9天。成虫寿命长,约历1个月半,越冬代长达半年。田间种群消长与柑桔芽梢抽发期相对应．一年中虫口数量出现3个高峰期,第一峰期3-4月为柑桔春梢主要抽发期,第二峰期5-6月为夏梢主要抽发期,第三峰期8～9月为秋梢主要抽发期,其中以秋梢期虫口数量最大．秋芽受害最重,次为春梢期。本还对柑桔术虱天敌进行调查,并对柑桔术虱卵、若虫和成虫进行药剂防治试验。     

龙眼角颊木虱若虫空间分布型及抽样技术初探

应用6种聚集度指标对龙眼角颊木虱若虫的空间分布型及抽样技术进行研究,结果表明：角颊木虱若虫分布型属于聚集分布,生产上采用五点式取样为宜。运用Iwao的m＊-m直线回归方程建立了Kuno理论抽样数模型,田间理论抽样数可用Tn=4．030／（D^2-0．394／n）来估计。     

龙眼角颊木虱生物学特性及防治研究

龙眼角颊木虱是龙眼的主要害虫,以成虫和若虫为害龙眼新梢嫩叶。在厦门市同安区一年发生六代,主害代为经一代于３月下旬至４月中旬和第五代于９月中旬至１０月上旬。本报道了该虫在不同温度下各虫态的发育历期,发现各个世代若虫都有滞育的现象,研究分析了若虫滞育对越冬虫源,主害代虫源等种群动态的影响,并探讨了龙眼角颊木虱的为害损失测定及药剂防治试验。     

橄榄星室木虱药剂防治研究

橄榄星室术虱Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang et Li隶同翅目木虱科,是橄榄新梢的重要害虫。近年来,橄榄星室术虱在橄榄上严重发生为害,造成新梢难于抽发,树势衰弱,致使橄榄减产和品质下降,给橄榄生产威胁极大。对橄榄星室木虱以化学药剂防治为主,     

山东稻区褐飞虱的发生规律及预测研究

褐飞虱在山东稻区一年发生3-4代．当地不能越冬,第二代是主要为害世代,发生在8月下旬至9月中旬。将影响发生的因子如虫源,降水量、气温等输入微机．筛选出的预报因子．用模糊列联表方法建立的预报矩阵,经1994年应用．准确率为100％：     

黑刺粉虱及其天敌的研究

黑刺粉虱Aleurucamhus spiniferus Quaint．是柑桔、茶树等经济作物的重要害虫。福建一年发生4-5代,闽北、闽中发生4代,世代重叠。主要以若虫在柑桔等叶背越冬,越冬若虫于翌年2月间开始化蛹(伪蛹),4月间成虫羽化并产卵。各世代若虫发生期为第一代4月上旬至6月上旬;第二代6月中旬至7月下旬;第三代7月中旬至9月上旬;第四代9月中旬至翌年3月,11月进入越冬期。一年中以6-9月为发生为害高峰期。黑刺粉虱的寄生性天敌和捕食性天敌资源丰富,蛹期被寄生率甚高,对该虫的综合治理可以生物防治为主要措施。     

橄榄星室木虱的生活史和种群消长动态的研究

本研究了莆田市延寿村的橄榄星室木虱的生活史和种群消长动态。结果表明,橄榄星室木虱在莆田地区一年发生8代,世代重叠。卵、若虫(1—5龄)、成虫在1年中有6个发生高峰期,以秋梢期为全年雌成虫产卵、若虫发生最高峰,夏梢期是成虫羽化全年最高峰。其田间种群数量消长与橄榄抽梢期有着极为密切的关系,每一次抽梢期都带来一个产卵高峰期和低龄若虫发生高峰期,每一次抽梢都使虫口数量急尉上升,并出现高峰,其间也带来一个很高的种群增长率,待到新梢定型老化(枝梢生长后期)又使种群数量明显下降,而低龄若虫的发生和高峰期的出现,一般比产卵滞后5—10d。     

柑橘木虱及分泌物对胡瓜新小绥螨的吸引作用研究

在25℃温度条件下,在九里香(Murraya panicuata)嫩枝条上研究柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama混合虫态、卵、低龄若虫、高龄若虫、柑橘木虱分泌物对胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeirs(Oudemans)雌螨的吸引作用,以探索与评价捕食螨对柑橘木虱各虫态及分泌物的趋向性。研究发现:1.柑橘木虱混合虫态对胡瓜新小绥螨的吸引作用在试验后第2小时经测验达到显著水平(P<0.05),第3小时达极显著水平(P<0.01),表明柑橘木虱混合虫态对胡瓜新小绥螨有很强的吸引作用;2.柑橘木虱卵对胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨无吸引作用;3.试验开始后第1⁵小时在试验区胡瓜新小绥螨数量分别高于空白区25.00%、18.33%、13.33%、15.00%和23.33%,柑橘木虱低龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨有较强烈的吸引作用;4.柑橘木虱高龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨吸引作用在第1小时最高,第25小时在试验区胡瓜新小绥螨数量分别高于空白区25.00%、18.33%、13.33%、15.00%和23.33%,柑橘木虱低龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨有较强烈的吸引作用;4.柑橘木虱高龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨吸引作用在第1小时最高,第2³小时最低,第4小时开始回升,第5小时可达到51.67%。可见柑橘木虱高龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨有一定的吸引作用;5.柑橘木虱分泌物对胡瓜新小绥螨吸引作用在第1小时最高,试验区胡瓜新小绥螨数量高于空白区33.33%、胡瓜新小绥螨不能取食柑橘木虱分泌物,第2小时胡瓜新小绥螨向外逃跑的比率增加。但胡瓜新小绥螨在试验区数量仍高于试验区,柑橘木虱分泌物对胡瓜新小绥螨也有一定的吸引作用。本试验环境开放,模拟自然状态。在柑橘木虱混合虫态发生的情况下,胡瓜新小绥螨对其具备搜寻能力。     

枸杞木虱天敌的保护与利用

记录了12种枸杞木虱天敌,描述了3种主要天敌的生物学特性,提出了保护利用天敌的有效措施。     

荔枝龙眼卷叶蛾科害虫及其防控研究进展

荔枝龙眼卷叶蛾是荔枝龙眼生产中的重要害虫防控对象,该类害虫幼虫取食寄主植物的嫩梢、叶片、花穗和幼果,在中国南方及东南亚地区危害严重.目前针对该虫的防治措施以化学防治为主,但是化学农药的滥用造成的问题众多,迫切需要研发推广绿色且高效的防控技术.目前荔枝龙眼卷叶蛾研究不够深入,而且关于危害较多且寡食性的圆角卷叶蛾Eboda...     

Leaf age affects the efficacy of insecticides to control Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease worldwide, is associated with the bacteria transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). One of the main tactics used to manage this disease is the chemical control of D. citri. In this study, the efficacy of four insecticides commonly used by the citrus growers against the D. citri adults was assessed in two vegetative growth stages of flush: young shoots (~ 10 cm in length) and mature leaves. The bioassays were carried out under the greenhouse and field conditions. The insecticides bifenthrin, dimethoate, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were tested at the recommended rates of 15, 450, 40 and 25 mg/L of water, respectively. The insecticides were sprayed onto the leaves of each stage until runoff. Psyllid mortality was assessed at different periods after insecticide application (0, 1 and 2 weeks). In both greenhouse and field trees, the period of control was shorter in the young shoots than in the mature leaves. In addition, the efficacy of insecticides rapidly decreased in the young shoots over time, mainly for imidacloprid and bifenthrin (less than 1 week). Thus, these results suggest that the number of spray applications to control D. citri should be more frequent during the flushing period.     

梭梭木虱发生规律及其影响因子

在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠中的梭梭、白梭梭上发现由木虱引起的叶苞状虫瘿,发生率达到90%以上,虫瘿内有4种木虱:异色胖木虱(Caillardia robusta Loginova)、梭梭胖木虱(C. azurea Loginova)、矮胖木虱(C. nana Loginova)和显赫胖木虱(C. notata Loginova),后两种为中国新记录种。木虱在梭梭上1a发生两个高峰,丘间低地发生最为严重,沙丘边缘与砾石荒漠发生量相差不大,在5月中旬和6月中旬达到高峰期;木虱在白梭梭上1a发生两个高峰,低丘比高丘发生严重,阳坡比阴坡发生严重,在6月中旬和7月底8月初达到高峰期。梭梭和白梭梭上树龄越大虫瘿发生越严重。地势、树势、方位及地势、坡面对木虱虫瘿的发生都存在显著性影响,但是它们互作对木虱虫瘿的影响却不大。通过研究古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭和白梭梭上木虱虫瘿的发生规律及其与周边环境的关系,为保护荒漠生态环境提供依据。     

Predation and functional response of the multi-coloured Asian ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis on the adult Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri

Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is a vector for the citrus Huanglongbing greening disease, which can reduce crop yields. Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is known to prey on D. citri nymphs; we investigated the predation capacity and functional response of H. axyridis on adult D. citri. H. axyridis larvae exhibited Holling’s type II functional response to different densities of adult D. citri. For second, third and fourth instar H. axyridis larvae, the successful attack rates were 0.75?±?0.22, 1.06?±?0.11, and 1.04?±?0.26, respectively; the handling times were 18.08?±?5.37, 0.45?±?0.07, and 0.24?±?0.07?h, respectively; and the estimated maximum predation rates were 4, 54, and 102, respectively. Fourth instar larvae had the lowest handling time. Adult H. axyridis consumed more D. citri adults maintained at 15–20°C than at 30–35°C, with an optimal temperature of 17.28°C. More adults were consumed during the day than at night, with peak consumption between 12:00 and 14:00?h, not differing significantly differ between predator genders. Adult H. axyridis reared on the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum were tested for D. citri predation; these H. axyridis had successful attack rates, handling times, and estimated maximal predation rates of 0.66?±?0.18, 0.82?±?0.26?h, and 29, respectively. Conversely, those fed and tested on D. citri had corresponding rates of 0.99?±?0.17, 0.38?±?0.12?h, and 63, respectively. Significant H. axyridis predation on adult D. citri indicated its enhanced role in suppressing both nymph and adult D. citri.     

黑莓鳞翅目害虫的发生为害习性与防治

黑莓是新引进的第三代小果类植物。本文简要报告黑莓上１４科引种鳞翅目害虫的发生为害习性。其中食叶为主的害虫４１种,蛀果为主的２种,蛀干为主的１种,吸果夜蛾８种。提出了以搞好果园管理为基础的综合防治技术。     

Release and establishment of a biological control agent, Psyllaephagus pilosus for eucalyptus psyllid (Ctenarytaina eucalypti) in Ireland

An Australian parasitoid wasp, Psyllaephagus pilosus, was collected from a previous release site in France and introduced into a commercial eucalyptus foliage plantation in Co. Kerry in the south west of Ireland to control the eucalyptus (blue gum) psyllid Ctenarytaina eucalypti. The first parasitised psyllid nymphs were observed 26 days after the release was made in late May 1998, and 49 days elapsed before a new generation of adult parasitoids was seen. Visually assessed indices of psyllid parasitism and adult wasp incidence were used to quantify the pattern of adult dispersion and establishment. A second generation of adult wasps emerged in late August, initiating a rapid spread of parasitism throughout the release site during September that culminated in a peak rate of almost 100% parasitism by late October. Subsequently by the end of 1998, an apparently random process of dispersion and successful natural colonisation occurred at eight out of ten monitored plantations at distances up to 70 km from the release point. The first colonisers of the other two sites arrived very late in 1998, and consequently failed to establish viable populations by the following summer. Probably this failure was because the small numbers of colonisers had arrived too late in the growing season to effect population establishment before the onset of winter. Assisted introductions were, therefore, made at these sites in June and August 1999, respectively. Once fully established, the parasitoid had no difficulty in surviving winter conditions at all monitored sites and demonstrated excellent potential as a biological control agent.