接种微生物菌剂对猪粪堆肥过程中细菌群落多样性的影响

利用PCR-DGGE方法研究了接种外源微生物菌剂对鲜猪粪高温好氧堆肥过程中细菌群落多样性的影响.结果表明：接种外源微生物菌剂可以促进堆肥的顺利进行,比不接种处理的高温期提前2 d.DGGE图谱分析表明,堆肥中优势细菌群落组成发生了明显的更迭现象,不同堆肥时期细菌群落的Shannon-Wiener指数呈显著差异.目的条带克隆测序结果表明,整个堆肥过程Clostridium stercorarium subsp. thermolacticum sp.一直是优势菌属,不经培养细菌、Bacillus coagulans sp.、Clostridium thermocellum sp.在接种外源微生物菌剂处理的第10、16天成为优势菌属,不经培养的Firmicutes sp.和不经培养的 delta proteobacterium分别在未接种外源微生物菌剂处理堆肥发酵的第5天和第16天成为优势菌属.非优势菌属Ureibacillus thermosphaericus、不经培养的Silvimonas sp.出现在堆肥腐熟后期,不经培养的土壤细菌主要出现在堆肥初期和高温初期.UPGMC聚类分析表明,接种外源微生物菌剂明显影响了堆肥不同时期的细菌群落结构组成.堆肥化过程中细菌DGGE图谱主成分分析表明,细菌群落变化主要受外源接种微生物菌剂的影响.     

园林废弃物堆肥化技术中微生物菌剂的功能与作用

园林废弃物的日益增加给环境带来了巨大压力。微生物菌剂接种于园林废弃物中堆肥,可以加速堆肥的腐熟度,增强肥效,改善并促进资源利用效率,在园林废弃物再利用方面已显示较好的应用前景。从园林废弃物目前的处理方法和菌剂在堆肥化技术方面的应用着手,介绍了微生物在园林废弃物堆腐中和发酵成微生物菌肥后的功能与作用,阐述了目前监测堆肥腐熟程度的重要参数以及检测发酵过程中菌群变化的技术手段,最后对微生物菌剂接种于园林废弃物堆肥化技术的前景进行了展望,旨为相关领域的研究与开发提供参考和借鉴。     

复合微生物菌剂在剩余污泥堆肥中的作用研究

应用复合微生物菌剂对剩余污泥进行堆肥试验,较系统地研究了复合微生物菌剂在剩余污泥堆肥系统中的作用。结果表明:接种复合微生物菌剂进行剩余污泥堆肥,与对照组相比,不但能够提高堆肥温度,而且高温持续时间长,堆肥反应速率加快,腐熟时间缩短,当接种量为7%(体积比)时,腐熟时间比对照组提前了12 d。     

城市垃圾堆肥过程中的生物学问题研究

介绍了城市垃圾堆肥处理的主要工艺,详细分析了垃圾堆肥过程中的生物化学变化和微生物学原理及研究现状。提出了可以将耗氧速率、C/N比、pH值作为堆肥腐熟度在线监测指标及在堆肥过程中,添加高效复合微生物接种剂可加快有机物的分解,缩短发酵周期,减少恶臭气体的产生,提高堆肥制品质量。     

接种高温纤维素菌剂对生活垃圾堆肥理化性质的影响

为探讨高温纤维素菌剂对生活垃圾堆肥的影响, 研究在堆肥过程中添加了不同剂量和不同种类的微生物菌剂。分析了堆肥过程中各个阶段不同处理的温度、含水率、pH 值、E4/E6、有机质、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、C/N、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾的变化情况。研究表明接种微生物菌剂的处理使堆肥初期升温上升较快, 堆肥效果好于空白对照处理。其中添加1%自制纤维素菌剂的处理升温速度较快, 堆肥发酵后期含水率最低, 腐殖化程度、有机质降解效率最高, C/N 达到20 时所用时间最短, 全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量最高, 堆肥效果最好。     

微生物接种剂对堆肥影响的研究

堆肥发酵过程是一系列微生物活动的复杂过程,包含着堆肥材料的矿质化和腐殖化过程。影响这个过程的速度和方向是堆肥中多种微生物活动和环境条件。关于堆肥中是否有必要接种微生物,我国长期以来有争论。1936～1938年,彭家元和陈禹平用好热性纤维分解菌制成菌剂,称元平菌,作为堆肥的接种剂应用。1952年东     

接种外源微生物菌剂对园林废弃物堆肥腐熟的影响

为了研究接种外源微生物菌剂对园林废弃物的影响,试验采用高温好氧堆肥系统设计了接种白腐菌、放线菌、白腐菌+放线菌和对照(不接种)4个处理,探讨了不同处理的堆肥过程中堆体的温度、pH值、电导率(EC)值、发芽指数(GI)、根长和发芽率的变化及在电子显微镜下的结构变化。结果表明:接种白腐菌+放线菌的堆体温度高于其他处理,且高温期维持时间最长(14 d);不同处理对EC和pH的影响较小;接种白腐菌+放线菌的处理在35 d(GI80%)达到腐熟,缩短了堆体的腐熟期5~15 d;接种白腐菌处理的根长较其他处理长。扫描电镜显示,接种白腐菌+放线菌处理堆体中木质素和纤维素的结构变化明显,降解程度较其他处理更彻底。     

堆肥调控作物根际微生物组抑制植物病害的研究进展

我国有机废弃物总量大、养分储量高,是提高农田生态系统服务功能的重要资源。好氧发酵能够较容易地实现有机废弃物处理与资源化转化,发酵产物堆肥常对多种植物病害具有抑制作用。回顾了近年来堆肥抑病方面的研究进展,重点关注堆肥对根际微生物组结构和功能的调控作用及潜在调控途径,探讨了堆肥微生物组与土壤和根际微生物组的差异,堆肥对土壤物理生物化学特性的影响及生物非生物环境因子对根际微生物组的影响,旨为“堆肥-土壤-植物根际微生物组”互作系统提供初步认识。     

外接堆肥微生物在餐厨废弃物好氧堆肥中的应用

微生物是堆肥过程的主要驱动力,其群落在堆肥过程中不断演替,进而影响好氧发酵进程和堆肥的品质。大量研究表明：接种外源微生物可促进堆肥进程,加快有机物分解和堆肥腐熟,消解抗生素等有害物质等作用。餐厨废弃物油脂、盐、水含量高和易酸化等问题会影响好氧发酵过程中微生物的活动。通过特定样品的富集驯化、选择性培养,并结合先进的分子生物学技术,筛选具有不同降解功能的菌株,并以此为基础构建的微生物菌剂能够一定程度上克服餐厨废弃物用于好氧堆肥的限制性问题。主要阐述了餐厨废弃物好氧发酵过程中微生物菌群的演替规律,构建微生物菌剂的菌种类型及功能和不同菌剂对好氧发酵的作用及潜在影响机制,以期能够为相关微生物强化技术的研发提供一些参考。     

微生物燃料电池在固体废物堆肥中的应用进展

微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)是一种近几年快速发展的废物处理与能源化技术,可以与污水处理、污染物降解、脱盐等环境技术结合。微生物燃料电池与堆肥技术结合可以在处理日益增长的固体废弃物的同时回收能量,具有很好的发展前景。文中分析了堆肥微生物燃料电池系统的微生物特征,探讨了堆肥过程中影响微生物燃料电池产电性能的因素,包括电极,隔膜,供氧和构型。最后归纳说明了堆肥微生物电池作为一种新的废弃物处理技术的特点:较高的微生物量并可产生较高的电流密度;对不同环境的适应性强;可以自身调节温度,能源利用效率高;质子从阳极向阴极的移动会受到不同堆肥原料的影响。     

Bioremediation by Composting of Heavy Oil Refinery Sludge in Semiarid Conditions

The present work attempts to ascertain the efficacy of low cost technology (in our case, composting) as a bioremediation technique for reducing the hydrocarbon content of oil refinery sludge with a large total hydrocarbon content (250–300 g kg⁻¹), in semiarid conditions. The oil sludge was produced in a refinery sited in SE Spain The composting system designed, which involved open air piles turned periodically over a period of 3 months, proved to be inexpensive and reliable. The influence on hydrocarbon biodegradation of adding a bulking agent (wood shavings) and inoculation of the composting piles with pig slurry (a liquid organic fertiliser which adds nutrients and microbial biomass to the pile) was also studied. The most difficult part during the composting process was maintaining a suitable level of humidity in the piles. The most effective treatment was the one in which the bulking agent was added, where the initial hydrocarbon content was reduced by 60% in 3 months, compared with the 32% reduction achieved without the bulking agent. The introduction of the organic fertiliser did not significantly improve the degree of hydrocarbon degradation (56% hydrocarbon degraded). The composting process undoubtedly led to the biodegradation of toxic compounds, as was demonstrated by ecotoxicity tests using luminescent bacteria and tests on plants in Petri dishes.     

微生物菌剂对干旱区城市防护绿地凋落物分解的影响

为探寻促进干旱区城市防护绿地凋落物分解的途径,2007年10月下旬,分别采用青贮复合菌剂、秸秆腐熟剂和速腐增效剂3种微生物菌剂,对克拉玛依市区北郊防护绿地内的凋落物进行为期198 d的堆腐试验.结果表明： 堆腐前期(0～30 d),微生物菌剂处理能够加快堆腐凋落物的分解,其中速腐增效剂处理与对照差异显著;随堆腐时间的延长,堆腐凋落物中N、P和Ca浓度均持续上升;试验结束时,各营养元素浓度均比初始值高14.2%～252.9%;在整个堆腐过程中,堆腐凋落物有机碳分解率持续升高,C/N值逐渐下降.添加微生物菌剂加快了堆腐凋落物的腐熟速度,提高了堆腐凋落物养分浓度,其中以秸秆腐熟剂处理效果最佳.     

Variation in microbial population during composting of agro-industrial waste

Two compost piles were prepared, using two ventilation systems: forced ventilation and ventilation through mechanical turning. The material to compost was a mixture of orange waste, olive pomace, and grass clippings (2:1:1 v/v). During the composting period (375 days), samples were periodically taken from both piles, and the enumeration of fungi, actinomycetes, and heterotrophic bacteria was carried out. All studied microorganisms were incubated at 25 and 55 °C after inoculation in appropriate growth media. Fungi were dominant in the early stages of both composting processes; heterotrophic bacteria proliferated mainly during the thermophilic stage, and actinomycetes were more abundant in the final stage of the composting process. Our results showed that the physical and chemical parameters: temperature, pH, moisture, and aeration influenced the variation of the microbial population along the composting process. This study demonstrated that composting of these types of wastes, despite the prolonged mesophilic stage, provided an expected microbial variation.     

Changes in the microbial community structure during thermophilic composting of manure as detected by the quinone profile method

Quinone profiles and physico-chemical properties were measured to characterize the microbial community structure during a 14-day thermophilic composting of cattle manure mixed with rice straw as a bulking agent. The change in total quinone content (TQ) and the divergence of quinone (DQ) indicated that the microbial biomass reached a peak followed by a decrease, whereas the microbial community diversity increased continuously during the composting process. The high mole fraction of ubiquinones in the raw materials, and at the beginning of the composting period suggested that fungi and/or Proteobacteria were present. The predominance of MK-7 from days 3 to 7 suggested that Bacillus spp. were the main microbial species. An increase in partially saturated and long-chain menaquinones during the latter composting period indicated that the proliferation of various species of Actinobacteria was occurring. The microbial community structure, as expressed by TQ and DQ, corresponded well to physico-chemical properties such as the C/N ratio, pH, O₂ consumption and compost mass reduction.     

微生物在有机固废堆肥中的作用与应用

好氧堆肥是实现有机固体废弃物资源化利用的主流处理方式.堆肥腐熟是一个由微生物主导的生理生化过程,堆料通过微生物发酵实现矿质化、腐殖化和无害化,转变成腐熟的有机肥.传统的好氧堆肥存在发酵周期长、养分损失、恶臭及温室气体排放等不足.在堆肥过程中添加微生物是弥补传统好氧堆肥缺陷、提高堆肥品质和功效的有效方法.近年来,国内外在...     

Strategies to reduce short-chain organic acids and synchronously establish high-rate composting in acidic household waste

The aim of this study was to document whether addition of lime or increased amount of bulking agent would ensure, efficiently, a predictable composting process in acidic SSOW applicable in full scale plants. The results show that both lime addition and increasing the amount of bulking agent relative to waste support the development of high-rate respiration in composting. Both strategies are considered efficient in establishing desired microbial composting processes of acid household waste. Reduction in the content of different organic acids and loss on ignition were higher when more bulking agent was used compared with adding 5% lime to the acidic SSOW. Respiration was completely repressed in samples with 10% lime, where pH remained high. In addition fat and protein seem to degrade faster with increasing amount of bulking agent.     

不同微生物菌剂处理对猪粪堆肥中氨挥发的影响

研究不同微生物复合菌剂及添加比例对猪粪与木屑混合(鲜重比为鲜猪粪∶木屑9∶1)堆肥过程中NH₃挥发的影响.结果表明,在堆肥过程中,NH₃挥发主要产生在堆肥前期15 d的升温和高温期,添加3‰的微生物复合菌剂1、2和3对猪粪堆肥中NH₃挥发都有一定的抑制作用,减轻氮素损失与堆肥恶臭,添加5‰复合菌剂1有显著抑制作用（P＜0.05）.