丙型肝炎病毒免疫电镜的初步研究

采用组织匀浆免疫沉淀后负染、免疫组化块染后包埋、原位包埋等免疫电镜技术,研究丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）。组织匀浆、免疫沉定、负染后在电镜下观察到与ＨＣＶ相关的类病毒颗粒,形态与披膜病毒相似,大小多在５５～６５ｎｍ,圆形,有包膜,边缘略有突起或比较平滑,有胶体金结合在此种颗粒上及其周围。无关单抗阴性对照无类似颗粒及胶体金。免疫酶染电镜下还见到成堆可疑颗粒。此外,ＨＣＶ－Ｅ区抗原染色后原位包埋,尚发现胶体金大多结合于大小５０ｎｍ左右圆形结构的内部,表明Ｅ区单抗针对的特异性抗原位点位于这种结构的内侧。     

衣藻淀粉核中存在类角蛋白中间纤维网架

采用选择性抽提结合 ＤＧＤ（ｄｉｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ ｇｌｙｃｏｌ ｄｉｓｔｅａｒａｔｅ） 包埋电镜技术在衣藻（Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｏｍ ｏｎｓａ ｓｐ．）淀粉核中观察到直径１０ ｎｍ 的纤维网架,以哺乳动物角蛋白抗体进行免疫胶体金标记,在淀粉核区域有很强的特异性结合,间接免疫荧光染色得到相似结果,表明在衣藻淀粉核中存在类角蛋白中间纤维网络骨架     

绿豆上胚轴细胞中BR的胶体金免疫电镜定位

利用葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白与胶体金连接的复合物为探针的免疫电镜定位技术对绿豆上胚轴细胞中ＢＲ定定的结果表明,在用抗ＢＲ抗体处理的超薄切片中,叶绿体、核仁和液泡内有大量的金效果标记,细胞膜和淀粉粒也有金颗粒标记,但细胞壁中没有观察到金颗粒。在不用ＥＤＣ固定的切片中,金颗粒标记密度非常低,而在用正常兔血清处理的切片中,所有细胞器内几乎没有金颗粒。该实验为绿豆上胚轴细胞中ＢＲ的分布提供了直接的证据。     

免疫胶体金试剂的制备及应用胶体金免疫电镜技术检测戊型肝炎病毒

报道了用胶体金免疫电镜技术检测戊型肝炎病毒（ＨＥＶ）的方法。实验采用１０ｎｍ胶体金标记纯化兔抗鼠ＩｇＧ制备了免疫胶体金探针试剂。用本法从戊型肝炎患者粪便提取物中检出ＨＥＶ呈球形,直径３２±５ｎｍ。此方法具有快速、灵敏、直观等特点,在ＨＥＶ生物学性质研究中,有一定的应用价值。     

βAmyloid蛋白在恒河猴脑组织中的形态学特点

目的观察βamyloid蛋白在不同年龄的恒河猴脑中的表达及其组织学和细胞超微结构水平的分布特点。方法分别取脑组织额叶、海马、颞叶和顶叶做免疫组化,观察βamyloid蛋白在组织学上的分布特点及与年龄的关系;选用23岁恒河猴一只,灌注后取上述部位做免疫电镜,观察βamyloid蛋白在细胞超微结构水平的分布特点。结果免疫组化染色可观察到年轻猴的神经细胞和胶质细胞中有少量的Aβ40颗粒,以额叶和海马居多。在老年猴脑中Aβ40常聚集成团状斑块。年轻猴脑细胞内未见明显的颗粒状Aβ42,而老年猴的额叶有多量的Aβ42细胞外散在斑块,神经细胞和胶质细胞内也见有Aβ42颗粒状沉积。免疫电镜可观察到Aβ40的胶体金颗粒大部分存在于老年猴神经细胞细胞质中,在细胞间质和小胶质细胞中也可见少量的胶体金颗粒,多见于额叶;标记Aβ42的胶体金颗粒也是多见于神经细胞中,在小胶质细胞中少量存在,同时在颞叶的神经纤维束中也可见Aβ42标记的胶体金颗粒。结论Aβ42是恒河猴老年斑的主要成分,并在其形成过程中起到重要作用。     

蚕豆叶片细胞中IAA的胶体金免疫电镜定位

利用胶体金免疫电镜技术对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶片细胞中的IAA定位进行了研究。幼嫩叶片的叶肉细胞中金颗粒主要分布在细胞核和叶绿体中,细胞质及细胞壁也有金颗粒标记。成熟叶片的叶肉细胞中金颗粒主要分布在叶绿体和细胞质,细胞壁也有少量金颗粒标记,液泡中没有发现金颗粒标记。成熟叶片小叶脉的韧皮细胞发现有大量的金颗粒标记,金颗粒主要标记在传递细胞的细胞壁中。小叶脉的维管束鞘细胞中也有很多的金颗粒标记,金颗粒主要分布在叶绿体、细胞质及细胞壁中。幼嫩叶片组织不进行IAA的固定或用正常兔IgG代替IAA抗体染色的对照,很难发现金颗粒标记。对IAA在组织及亚细胞中的定位及其生理意义进行了讨论。     

绿豆上胚轴细胞中BR的胶体金免疫电镜定位

利用葡萄球菌A蛋白与胶体金连接的复合物为探针的免疫电镜定位技术对绿豆上胚轴细胞中BR定位的结果表明,在用抗BR抗体处理的超薄切片中,叶绿体、核仁和液泡内有大量的金颗粒标记,细胞膜和淀粉粒也有金颗粒标记,但细胞壁中没有观察到金颗粒。在不用EDC固定的切片中,金颗粒标记密度非常低,而在用正常兔血清处理的切片中,所有细胞器内几乎没有金颗粒.该实验为绿豆上胚轴细胞中BR的分布提供了直接的证据。     

肌动蛋白存在于金黄地鼠联会复合体中

以金黄地鼠精母细胞为材料,以抗肌动蛋白抗体为探针,应用免疫荧光和免疫胶体金技术有ＳＣ有无肌动蛋白的问题进行了研究。免疫荧光结果表明,经抗肌动蛋白抗体标记后,减数分裂粗线期标本中ＳＣ发出特异性荧光,说明肌动蛋白存在于ＳＣ中,免疫电镜结果表明：实验组ＳＣ的胶体金颗粒密度远高于对照组的金颗粒密度,说明ＳＣ含有肌动蛋白。观察到,常染色体ＳＣ和性染色体ＳＣ以及偶线期和粗线期ＳＣ中都含有肌动蛋白,肌动蛋白分布     

地高辛标记探针电镜原位杂交技术探讨

应用ＬｏｗｉｃｒｙｌＫ４Ｍ低温包埋,Ｄｉｇ标记ｃ－ｆｏｓｃＤＮＡ探针对人肝癌组织进行原位杂交,用金标抗Ｄｉｇ抗体进行检测,银增强放大信号处理。电镜观察表明,免疫胶体金颗粒特异性地标记在肝癌细胞胞浆及核内,呈散在分布,金颗粒大小基本一致,背景清晰。     

嫁接早期IAA在西葫芦/南瓜嫁接面处薄壁细胞和维管分子中的免疫细胞学定位

采用免疫胶体金法对IAA在西葫芦／南瓜离体茎段嫁接早期发育时期在嫁接面处的分布进行了超微结构水平的定位。电镜观察表明在嫁接面处的薄壁细胞中IAA主要定位于细胞核、质体、内质网等细胞器上。在高尔基体、线粒体、细胞壁和液泡中,未发现胶体金颗粒的标记。在分化中的管状分子中,胶体金颗粒位于次生壁上和细胞质中。在筛分子分化过程中,IAA主要定位于筛板、筛孔和细胞质中。在伴胞中有较高的金颗粒密度。对于IAA在嫁接体维管分子分化过程中的作用进行了讨论。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.