实时荧光定量PCR在固氮酶基因检测中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR是近年发展起来的一种新的实时定量检测特定核酸技术,它是核酸探针技术、荧光共振能量传递技术和PCR技术的有机结合。与常规PCR相比,它具有特异性更强、能有效解决PCR污染问题、自动化程度高等特点,扩大了PCR的应用范围。概述实时荧光定量PCR技术在固氮酶(nifH)基因检测中的应用与研究进展,并探讨该技术的发展和应用前景。     

实时定量PCR技术的介绍

实时定量PCR(real-timePCR)技术是近几年发展起来的新技术 ,既保持了PCR技术灵敏、快速的特点 ,又克服了以往PCR技术中存在的假阳性污染和不能进行准确定量的缺点。另外 ,还有重复性好、省力、低费用等优点。实时定量PCR技术是从传统PCR技术发展而来 ,其基本原理是相同的 ,主要不同之处是其定量的体系。下面简单介绍一下该技术定量的原理。1　荧光染料的应用荧光染料的应用是实时PCR技术能够进行定量检测的一个重要部分 ,在PCR反应体系中应用荧光标记物 ,通过监测荧光信号的累积实现对整个PCR循环进程的观察。目前主要有四种方法…     

实时荧光定量PCR技术在鱼类病害研究中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是一种新的核酸定量技术,通过检测PCR产物中荧光信号强度达到定量的目的,与常规PCR相比,具有无污染、特异性强、检测灵敏、定量准确等特点,该技术在分子诊断、动植物检疫等方面得到了广泛的应用.目前水产养殖业处于飞速发展时期,其中鱼类的病害问题也日益突出,为了预防和控制鱼类病害,实时荧光定量PCR技术已逐渐应用于鱼类病害的研究中.该文将从实时荧光定量PCR的技术原理、主要类型以及实时荧光定量PCR技术在鱼类病害研究的应用研究作一综述.     

荧光定量PCR应用常见问题

1荧光定量PCR是什么荧光定量PCR(fluorescent quantitative PCR,FQ- PCR)是在PCR定性技术基础上发展起来的定量PCR技术。FQ—PCR技术是一种在PCR反应体系中加入荧光基团,利用荧光信号积累实时监测整个PCR进程,最后通过标准曲线对未知模板进行定量分析的方法,实现了PCR从定性到定量的飞跃。FQ—PCR仪在普通PCR仪的基础上加上了荧光探头和计算机。     

实时荧光定量PCR的应用和进展

实时荧光定量PCR技术通过检测PCR产物中荧光讯号强度来达到定量的目的,该技术不仅实现了PCR从定性到定量的飞跃,而且与常规PCR相比,它具有特异性更强、有效解决PCR污染问题、自动化程度高等特点,目前已在动植物基因工程,微生物和医学领域中得到广泛应用。本文对实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、优缺点及近年来新兴起的荧光探针的原理、优缺点进行了评述,重点及创新点是对实时荧光定量PCR技术在动植物基因工程,微生物和医学领域的应用进行了比较全面的综述,并对实时荧光定量PCR技术的普及应用及在基因诊断领域的前景做了进一步的展望。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术及其应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是一种多色荧光检测核酸定量技术,该简要介绍实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理及其应用。     

实时荧光定量PCR及其在传染性疾病检测中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术被广泛应用于实验研究、临床检测中。与普通的PCR相比,实时荧光定量PCR技术具有特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、定量准确、速度快、全封闭反应等优点。我们综述了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、定量方法,及其在传染性疾病检测研究中的应用。     

实时定量RT—PCR在微生物分子特性研究中的应用

实时定量RT—PCR是一种高效检测低丰度mRNA的方法,该方法具有易操作、高通量、敏感度高和特异性强的特点。本文对实时定量RT—PCR在真核生物中的原生动物和真菌、细菌以及非细胞类病毒三大微生物类群中的研究进展加以简要综述,同时对实时定量IKT—PCtK在微生物分子特性研究中的应用作了展望。     

实时定量PCR及其在轮状病毒检测中的应用

实时定量PCR(Real-time polymerase chain reaction/quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction,Real-time PCR/qPCR)就是在PCR扩增过程中,通过荧光信号对PCR进程进行实时监测。它具有特异性强、灵敏度高、定量准确和快速等优点,在生物医学领域中得到广泛的应用。对实时定量PCR技术的原理和类型,实时定量PCR技术在生物医学领域的应用,尤其在轮状病毒诊断、检测及疫苗研究中的应用及其未来前景进行了综述。     

实时荧光定量PCR及其在微生物生态学中的应用

定量描述微生物群落的组成,在微生物生态学的许多研究领域都是非常重要的。然而由于可培养技术的局限性,定量描述微生物群落成为比较困难的事情。最近包括PCR技术在内的分子生物学技术为人们提供了有力的工具,使对微生物群落的分布、丰度等有了进一步的了解。实时荧光定量PCR技术作为核酸定量检测技术,自从发明以来在微生物生态学研究中逐渐得到了广泛的应用。从微生物生态学角度,综述了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、发展、优缺点及其在微生物生态学研究中的应用与研究进展,并探讨了实时荧光定量PCR技术的发展和应用前景。     

实时定量PCR技术及应用

实时定量PCR(Real-tim e Quantitative Polym erase Chain Reaction,RQ-PCR),是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的基于PCR技术的利用不同的荧光检测来给核酸定量的技术。克服了传统PCR的许多不足,能准确敏感地检测模板浓度,DNA拷贝数和检测基因变异。综述了RQ-PCR技术的原理,RQ-PCR实时定量检测系统及应用。     

Refined quantitative fluorescent PCR of Y-chromosome DNA sequences mosaics in Turner's syndrome patients--alternative to real-time PCR

BACKGROUND: Real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) are the most frequently used techniques for gonosomal mosaics quantification. The primary aim of this work is to assess and optimize the refined technique of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RQF PCR) in the quantification of Y-chromosome sequences in gonosomal mosaics. The method was applied to the analysis of Y-chromosome sequences (amelogenin gene, AMELX/Y-loci) in peripheral lymphocytes and gonadal tissues in Y-positive Turner's syndrome (TS) patients. METHODS: RQF PCR was used for molecular quantification, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was used for comparison. RESULTS: Based on a formulated calibration curve, DNA mosaics from six Y-positive patients and gonads from one patient were deducted. For calculation of rare mosaics, it is possible to take advantage of a new empirical formula. FISH results were comparable to RQF PCR. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of RQF PCR brings significant progress in the analysis of gonosomal aberrations. RQF PCR also finds applications in prenatal diagnostics of maternal contaminations of amniotic fluid and foetal DNA in maternal blood and analysis of chimerism in patients after bone marrow transplantation. The method is very convenient for determining the number of testis-specific protein, Y-linked (TSPY) gene repetitions.     

Quantification of Escherichia coli by kinetic 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) oriented to sfmD gene

AIMS: A kinetic 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) for the quantification of Escherichia coli was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Specific primers and a fluorogenic probe oriented to sfmD gene, encoding a putative outer membrane export usher protein, were designed. The PCR system was highly specific and sensitive for E. coli, as determined with 37 non-E. coli strains (exclusivity, 100%) and 24 E. coli strains (inclusivity, 100%). When used in real-time PCR, linear calibration lines were obtained in the range from 10(2) to 10(8) CFU ml(-1) for three E. coli strains. Salmonella Enteritidis (10(6) CFU ml(-1)) or Citrobacter freundii (10(6) CFU ml(1)) had no effect on quantification of E. coli by the method. CONCLUSIONS: The developed real-time PCR is suitable for rapid quantification of E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In connection to an appropriate sample preparation technique, the method is suitable for food safety and technological hygiene applications.     

A two-step quantitative pathogen detection system based on capillary electrophoresis

Rapid identification of bacterial pathogens is important for patient management and initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy in the early stages of infection. Among the several techniques, capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) analysis combined with small subunit rRNA gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has come into the spotlight owing to its sensitivity, resolution, and reproducibility. Despite the advantages of the method, the design of PCR primers and optimization of multiplex PCR conditions remain to be studied so that as many pathogens as possible can be analyzed in a single run. Here we describe a novel two-step technique involving multiplex PCR pathogen detection by CE-SSCP analysis followed by singleplex PCR pathogen quantification by CE-SSCP. Specific PCR primers were designed for optimal separation of their products by CE-SSCP based on molecular weight. PCR conditions were then optimized for multiplex analysis of the targets. Subsequently, detected pathogens were quantified by PCR with specific primers. Eight clinically important strains were simultaneously identified under the optimized conditions. Each individual pathogen was then quantified at a level of sensitivity of tens of cells per milliliter. In conclusion, the two-step pathogen detection method based on CE-SSCP described here allows for sensitive detection of pathogens by multiplex PCR (first step) and quantification by specific PCR (second step). The results illustrate the potential of the method in clinical applications.     

同步PCR技术及其在植物核酸分子定量中的应用

同步PCR是一种集生化、光电和计算机技术于一体的封闭式DNA扩增系统,采用荧光染料将扩增与检测过程结合在一起,实现了在PCR过程中在线显示PCR反应,通过检测荧光强度来绝对定量起始模板的拷贝数。该技术大大简化和加速了核酸分子的定量过程,不仅快速、灵敏、准确、重复性好,而且很容易计算出待测样品中核酸分子的绝对起始拷贝数。同微阵列等分子生物技术一起,同步PcR技术将会在功能基因解析和病害分子诊断等方面发挥重要作用。本综述除了介绍同步．PCR技术的原理和应用外,还介绍了定量拟南芥,Aux／正4,4基因的转录水平的实验,并就同步PCR操作过程中的问题进行了讨论。     

同步PCR技术及其在植物核酸分子定量中的应用

同步PCR是一种集生化、光电和计算机技术于一体的封闭式DNA扩增系统,采用荧光染料将扩增与检测过程结合在一起,实现了在PCR过程中在线显示PCR反应,通过检测荧光强度来绝对定量起始模板的拷贝数.该技术大大简化和加速了核酸分子的定量过程,不仅快速、灵敏、准确、重复性好,而且很容易计算出待测样品中核酸分子的绝对起始拷贝数.同微阵列等分子生物技术一起,同步PCR技术将会在功能基因解析和病害分子诊断等方面发挥重要作用.本综述除了介绍同步PCR技术的原理和应用外,还介绍了定量拟南芥Aux/IAA基因的转录水平的实验,并就同步PCR操作过程中的问题进行了讨论.     

Solid-phase plate-reader quantification of specific PCR products by measurement of band-specific ethidium bromide fluorescence

Real-time PCR is widely employed to quantify PCR products across a range of applications. However, accurate real-time PCR is not always technically feasible, and alternative methods for PCR product quantification can be expensive and time consuming to validate. We have developed an inexpensive, rapid, and immediately accessible protocol to quantify PCR products, by measuring ethidium bromide fluorescence of PCR products excised from agarose gels. This protocol has relevance to a broad range of methods in molecular biology where quantification of PCR products is necessary.     

基于数字PCR的单分子DNA定量技术研究进展

数字PCR是一项针对单分子目标DNA的绝对定量技术．该技术是将含有DNA模板的反应溶液分配到大量独立的反应室中并且发生扩增反应,通过统计反应室中的阳性信号来定量DNA的拷贝数．DNA样品在反应室中随机和独立分布是单分子成功扩增和准确定量DNA拷贝数的关键因素．本文综述了数字PCR的发展历史、数字PCR与实时荧光定量PCR的区别,以及数字PCR在临床诊断、转基因成分定量、单细胞基因表达、环境微生物检测和下一代测序等方面的最新进展,并展望了该技术的应用前景．     

数字聚合酶链反应及其在感染性疾病中的应用

数字聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)采用与定量PCR相同的荧光化学原理和不同的数学原理来实现对靶标核酸序列的绝对定量,其摒弃了对外部参照的依赖,同时具有更高的数据精密度,提高了重复性和再现性。数字PCR的应用涵盖生命科学众多领域,特别是在医学检验领域,其对疾病相关核酸分子标记的准确分析,为疾病的早期诊断、进展监测、疗效评估提供了动态量化指标。数字PCR的出现将推动基于核酸扩增技术的分子生物学检测迈入精准定量阶段。本文就数字PCR尤其是微滴式数字PCR在感染性疾病中的应用进展及前沿进行综述。