提高微生物学实验课教学效果的探索与尝试

针对传统实验教学法造成学生学习被动和积极性不高等问题,在微生物实验教学实践中我们以培养学生能力为重点,对实验教学内容、实验教学方式、实验教学管理以及考核方式等方面的改革进行了探索与尝试.教学实践证明从微生物学实验教学的正确定位出发,规范实验教学大纲,采用基本技能训练模块、综合实验模块和创新实验模块相结合的教学方式和实验室开放教学管理模式是提高微生物实验教学效果的成功之举,对提高学生综合素质具有重要作用.     

基于同步在线翻转课堂在研究型微生物实验教学中的应用研究

以高校同步在线翻转课堂为基础的微生物实验课程改革为研究对象,将现有微生物实验课程内容整合为研究型实验模块,利用同步在线+翻转课堂教学模式,引导学生开展微生物实验自主探究式学习,通过三年4个学期8个班级248名学生的教学实践,发现采用新教学模式的学生对各实验模块教学打分较好。学生对翻转课堂教学方式非常认同（56%）,微课、探究实验、课堂演示实验、雨课堂等教学方式认同度显著高于其他教学方式,学生对微生物实验兴趣提高,实验操作熟练程度进步。利用翻转课堂+线上实验教学方式提高学生设计实验项目能力,增强高校大学生的创新意识。     

环境工程专业微生物实验教学改革与实践

从环境工程微生物实验的课程设置、实验内容、实验教学方式以及实验考核方式等方面进行改革及实践,提升了实验教学质量,拓展了学生的创新思维,促进了学生知识、能力和综合素质的提高,为学生进一步深造或就业奠定了坚实基础。     

生物工程综合实验的“珠链式”教学模式改革与创新

构建生物工程综合实验的“珠链式”教学模式,对课程进行教学改革与实践。从优化实验教学内容,改进实验教学手段和考核方式,增加综合性,设计性实验项目,科研反哺教学和全面开放实验室入手,打破生物工程主干课程界线,形成以实验项目为“珠子”,在实验室中模拟实际的工艺流程进行生物产品的生产与开发。“链”是以产酶的微生物为起点,把基因工程模块、酶工程模块、发酵工程模块的各“珠子”串成一个有序的生物工程上、中、下游的“链式”知识体系。课程改革有助于学生全面掌握课程技能,提高学生应用能力、创新能力、就业竞争力。     

改革微生物实验教学 强化技能训练

为了提高学生的微生物实验技能,通过实验教学研究,对高职微生物实验教学进行了改革探讨。采用逻辑连贯性实验设计、加强基础实验教学、开设综合性实验强化实验技能训练。创新实验教学方法,运用多媒体展示、讲练融合增强实践动手能力。推行徒手练习、加强实验指导与严格规范操作,建立较完善的综合考核机制以调动学生实验的积极性和主动性,促进学生实验技能的提升与实验教学质量的提高。     

研究型模块实验“产淀粉酶菌株的筛选、发酵条件优化、菌种鉴定和选育”的教学实践

采用模块化形式开展微生物学实验教学可提升学生的学习积极性,培养学生的探究性学习精神。"产淀粉酶菌株的筛选、发酵条件优化、菌种鉴定和选育"模块实验以产淀粉酶细菌为研究对象,安排学生开展培养基的配置、土壤样本采集和分离筛选产淀粉酶菌株、产淀粉酶菌株的发酵条件优化、菌种的形态学和分子生物学鉴定、紫外线诱变育种等5个单元实验。该模块实验以连贯性的研究任务引导学生进行探究性学习,将微生物实验操作技能的学习融合于探究性学习过程。实验以学生为主体,采用"固定+机动"方式安排教学任务,保证模块实验的整体性和连贯性。采用"模块论文+现场操作考试"的方式进行考核,提升学生的科研素养和强化学生对微生物基本操作技能的掌握。该研究型模块实验的教学提升了学生的微生物学研究热情,提高了微生物学课程群的教学质量。     

面向多专业应用型人才的微生物实验教学体系探索

根据各专业特点对微生物实验教学体系进行优化,是为了满足应用型人才培养的需要。将综合性实验和课外科研活动融入到实验教学中来,有助于提高学生实验技能和综合素质,弥补传统实验教学的不足。另外,不断加强软件和硬件条件建设,保证微生物实验教学质量的稳步提高。     

模块化微生物学实验课教学体系的探索与实践

模块化微生物学实验教学可提高本科生的探究能力和实验技能综合运用能力。本文介绍了我校模块化微生物学实验课教学体系的探索与实践。首先,构建综合性、研究型模块化教学内容体系。教学内容体系由“环境微生物多样性调查”、“功能微生物的筛选鉴定、培养条件优化与选育”和“水质微生物学检验”3个模块共计12个单元实验组成。模块实验内容设计把握3个原则：重视学生基本实验技能培训与探究性学习引导;加强单元实验间的内容衔接,保证模块实验的连贯性;注重内容精炼,步骤简化,充分考虑学生的学习负荷。其次,实行教学研讨会制度,组织教师总结上周实验的得失,讨论和优化本周的实验内容和步骤,建设与模块化微生物实验课教学体系相适应的高水平教学队伍。最后,建立与模块化微生物学实验课教学体系相匹配的多样化考核方式,包括每个单元实验的通过性评价,期末进行操作性实验考试,将撰写单元实验报告改为撰写模块实验论文,突出学生的综合能力和思考能力评价,组织优秀实验成果展示活动,实行激励性评价。     

食品微生物学实验课教学改革的初步探索

为了提高学生实验动手能力和实验教学效果 ,对食品科学与工程专业《食品微生物学》实验课教学进行了改革探索 ,在原有实验的基础上增加了综合性大实验“食品卫生微生物指标检测”。对实验教学方法进行了改革 ,结果证明 :综合实验对学生实验动手能力有很大提高。实验教学方法的改革 ,提高了实验教学效果。     

高等农业院校微生物学实验课程教学改革探讨

微生物学实验技术的夯实和拓展是巩固和完善理论教学的重要保障,在引导高等农业院校学生认识和应用微生物过程中具有不可替代的作用。结合微生物学实验课程特点,针对微生物学实验教学采取了一系列改革措施,包括课程准备、学生分组管理、实验教学内容设计与考核方式等环节,以期探索提高实验教学效果的可行途径。结果表明,有效管理实验教学环节,侧重实验考核与创新报告的实施,可在巩固学生微生物学基础知识的同时,锻炼学生对知识点归纳、整理和总结的能力,并促进学生创新思维等综合素质的提高。学生课程参与度明显提高,学习效果良好。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.