响应面法优化纤维素酶提取草菇中甾醇类化合物的工艺

草菇具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等功效,为提高草菇中甾醇类成分的提取率,通过响应面法优化草菇中甾醇类化合物的提取工艺。根据Box-Benhnken设计原则,以酶解温度、酶解pH、酶浓度进行3因素3水平研究,使用磷硫铁显色法测定草菇中甾醇类化合物的含量并计算其提取率,通过Design-Expert. V 8.0.6软件分析获得最佳提取条件。结果表明:草菇中甾醇类化合物最佳提取条件为酶解温度64.75℃、酶质量浓度8.46 mg/mL、酶解pH 4.4,此时甾醇类化合物的提取率为1.401%。通过酶提取法提取后,草菇中甾醇类化合物的提取率增加,为草菇中活性成分的深入研究提供基础依据。     

油菜花粉总黄酮的微波辅助提取及其抗氧化活性研究

采用微波辅助提取法提取油菜花粉总黄酮,通过单因素和正交试验,得到最佳提取条件：80％的乙醇、1：20的料液比、提取时间140s、微波功率242W、提取3次,总黄酮质量分数为（2．64±0．05）％。同时还研究提取物对羟自由基、DPPH自由基的清除作用,以及对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化的抑制作用,自由基半清除质量浓度和脂质过氧化丰抑制盾奄浓度分剐为0．115、0．325和0．065mg／mL。     

循环超声提取肉苁蓉中苯乙醇糖甙类化合物的研究

研究了循环超声提取肉苁蓉中苯乙醇糖甙类化合物的工艺条件。实验结果表明,将肉苁蓉粉碎至40目,以甲醇提取较为适宜。超声提取苯乙醇糖甙类化合物的最优工艺条件是：提取温度为60℃。超声功率为1500W,提取时间为20min。在此条件下,苯乙醇糖甙类化合物的提取量为73．8mg／g,相当于60℃甲醇热浸5h的提取量,为索氏抽提法提取量(81．2mg／g)的90．9％。     

文冠果种仁油中总甾醇的皂化法提取及组成分析北大核心CSCD

本文研究了皂化法提取文冠果种仁油中甾醇化合物的工艺条件,并在纯化的基础上利用气相色谱-质谱仪分析了提取物的基本组成。首先通过单因素试验和正交试验探讨了乙酸乙酯用量、皂化温度、料液比、皂化时间对甾醇化合物含量的影响;结果表明:乙酸乙酯用量200 m L,皂化温度67℃,料液比1∶5(g/m L),皂化时间2 h,在此条件下文冠果种仁中总甾醇含量达0.498%。粗甾醇采用溶剂结晶法进行纯化后的气质联用分析结果显示,文冠果种仁油中总甾醇中主要含有5种单体,分别是豆甾醇、豆甾-7,22-二烯-3-醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮、β-谷甾醇、33-降柳珊瑚甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3-醇。该研究结果为进一步探讨文冠果种仁甾醇的功能奠定了基础。     

文冠果种仁油中总甾醇的皂化法提取及组成分析

本文研究了皂化法提取文冠果种仁油中甾醇化合物的工艺条件,并在纯化的基础上利用气相色谱-质谱仪分析了提取物的基本组成。首先通过单因素试验和正交试验探讨了乙酸乙酯用量、皂化温度、料液比、皂化时间对甾醇化合物含量的影响;结果表明:乙酸乙酯用量200 m L,皂化温度67℃,料液比1∶5(g/m L),皂化时间2 h,在此条件下文冠果种仁中总甾醇含量达0.498%。粗甾醇采用溶剂结晶法进行纯化后的气质联用分析结果显示,文冠果种仁油中总甾醇中主要含有5种单体,分别是豆甾醇、豆甾-7,22-二烯-3-醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮、β-谷甾醇、33-降柳珊瑚甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3-醇。该研究结果为进一步探讨文冠果种仁甾醇的功能奠定了基础。     

正交试验法优化吴茱萸总碱的微波提取

以紫外-可见分光光度法为检测手段,研究了乙醇-水混合溶剂中吴茱萸总生物碱的微波提取条件,试验中分别以微波功率、萃取时间和萃取溶剂的用量、浓度及酸度等为因素,设计了五因素四水平的正交试验,考察了它们对总生物碱成分提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳提取条件为：在700W微波功率下,用浓度70％、酸度pH=2的乙醇-水混合溶剂25mL／g,提取6min,此条件下总生物碱的提取率可达0．4898％。     

白果中植物甾醇的提取优化及体外释放研究

目的：优化白果中植物甾醇的提取并考察其体外释放情况。方法：以白果为原料,以乙醇为提取溶剂,使用超声波辅助提取法,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化了白果中植物甾醇的提取工艺,进一步通过体外模拟消化试验,分析了添加油脂、热处理方式、物料粉碎程度对甾醇体外释放的影响。结果：超声时间、料液比、超声功率均影响甾醇的提取率。超声功率对提取率具有显著影响,最佳工艺为超声时间6 min、料液比1∶15 g/mL、超声功率350W,此时可得最大甾醇提取率为0.878 mg/（g·dw）。体外模拟消化试验证明,添加油脂、热处理方式、物料粉碎程度均对植物甾醇的体外释放具有显著影响,当使用微波加热处理时,甾醇的释放情况最佳。     

高效液相色谱测定血清中的非胆固醇甾醇

本文介绍一种用高效波相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）同时测定血清中２４－脱氢胆固醇、７－烯胆甾烷醇、菜油甾醇、胆甾烷醇和β－谷甾醇的方法。血清加内标（６－氯豆甾醇）后用氢氧化钾醇溶液皂化,用正己烷提取其中的各种甾醇,将提出的甾醇衍生为苯氨基甲酸酯,用ＨＰＬＣ分离测定。本法样品处理简单,色谱分析时间短,批内和批间变异系数分别为２．２～３．８％和３．３～６．７％。本文也首次报告我国成年人血清非胆固醇甾醇水平,５种甾醇血清浓度的总和平均为１．５４ｍｇ／ｄｌ,是胆固醇的０．８６％。     

高效液相色谱测定血清中的非胆因醇甾醇

本文介绍一种用高效液相色谱同时测定血清中２４－脱氢胆固醇、７－烯胆甾烷醇、菜油甾醇、胆甾烷醇和β－谷甾醇的方法。血清加内标（６－氯豆甾醇）后用氢氧化钾醇溶液皂化,用正已烷提取其中的各种甾醇,将提出的甾醇衍生为苯氨基甲酸酯,用ＨＰＬＣ分离测定。本法样品处理简单,色谱分析时间短,批内和批间变异系数分别为２．２～３．８％和３．３～６．７％。本文也首报告我国成年人血清非胆固醇甾醇水平,５种甾醇血清深度的总     

红豆杉紫杉醇提取方法的建立

目的：研究粉碎粒度、提取溶剂、提取时间、料液比等因素对红豆杉中紫杉醇得率的影响,建立一种高效、快速的提取和检测方法。方法：采用有机溶剂-超声波提取法从红豆杉叶片中提取紫杉醇,用HPLC法对其进行鉴定,用标准曲线法进行定量分析。结果：将原料于95％烘箱内干燥至恒重,粉碎至100目,以95％甲醇为提取剂,于60℃提取20h,料液比为1：10,紫杉醇得率为0．086mg／g。结论：该法简单、快速、准确、适应性强,为紫杉醇的提取与检测提供了有效工具。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.