<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gemini pollen 2</Emphasis>, a male and female gametophytic cytokinesis defective mutation

Gametophytic cytokinesis is essential for the development and function of the male and female gametophytes. We have previously described the isolation and characterisation of gemini pollen 1 (gem1) that acts gametophytically to disturb asymmetric division and cytokinesis at pollen mitosis I (PMI) in Arabidopsis. Here we describe the genetic and cytological analysis of an independent gametophytic mutant, gem2, with similar characteristics to gem1, but which maps to a different genetic locus. gem2 shows reduced genetic transmission through both male and female gametes and leads to the production of divided or twin-celled pollen. Developmental analysis revealed that gem2 does not affect karyokinesis at PMI, but leads to repositioning of the cell plate, and partial or complete failure of cytokinesis, resulting in symmetrical divisions or binucleate pollen grains, respectively. Symmetrical divisions lead to altered pollen cell fate with both sister cells displaying vegetative cell fate. Moreover, we demonstrate that the predominant female defect in gem2 is a lack of cellularisation of the embryo sac during megagametogenesis. GEM2 therefore defines an independent genetic locus that is involved in the correct specification of both male and female gametophytic cytokinesis.     

Pollen and Tapetum Development in Male Fertile Rosmarinus Officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)

The development of microspores/pollen grains and tapetum was studied in fertile Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). Most parts of the cell walls of the secretory anther tapetum undergo modifications before and during meiosis: the inner tangential and radial cell walls, and often also the outer tangential and radial wall, acquire a fibrous appearance; these walls become later transformed into a thin poly-saccharidic film, which is finally dissolved after microspore mitosis. Electron opaque granules found within the fibrous/lamellated tapetal walls consist of sporopollenin-like material, but cannot be interpreted as Ubisch bodies. The middle lamella and the primary wall of the outer tangential and radial tapetal walls remain unmodified, but get covered by an electron opaque, sporopollenin-like layer. Pollenkitt is formed only by lipid droplets from the ground plasma and/or ER profiles, the plastids do not form pollenkitt precursor lipids. Tapetum maturation (“degeneration”) does not take place before late vacuolate stage.

The apertures are determined during meiosis by vesicles or membrane stacks on the surface of the plasma membrane. The procolumellae are conical, but at maturity the columellae are more cylindrical in shape. The columellar bases often fuse, but a genuine foot layer is lacking. The formation of the endexine starts with sporopollenin-accumulating white lines adjacent to the columellar bases. Later, the endexine grows more irregularly by the accumulation of sporopollenin globules. In mature pollen the intine is clearly bilayered.

Generative cells (GCs) and sperm cells contain a comparatively large amount of cytoplasm, and organelles like mitochondria, dictyosomes, ER, and multi-vesicular bodies, but no plastids; GCs and sperms are separated from the vegetative cell only by two plasma membranes.     

Ultrastructure of the vegetative cell ofBrassica napus pollen with particular reference to microbodies

Summary The ultrastructure of the vegetative cell ofBrassica napus tricellular pollen grains, just before anthesis with standard chemical fixation, is reported. The vegetative cell may be regarded as a highly differentiated and metabolically active fat-storage cell. It contains many mitochondria with a well developed internal membrane system, starchless plastids, microbodies, lipid bodies, dictyosomes and numerous vesicles thought to originate from the dictysomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum organized in stacks of cisternae is also spatially associated with certain organelles, mainly lipid bodies, microbodies and plastids. There are also randomly distributed polyribosome areas. The microbodies are mainly polymorphic in shape and are often observed in contact with lipid bodies. The above spatial relationship implies that the microbodies may have a glyoxysomal function. In the late period of vegetative cell maturation, the microbodies are probably involved in the process of glyconeogenesis in which the conversion of lipid reserves to sugar takes place.Abbreviations VC vegetative cell - VN vegetative nucleus - SC sperm cell - M mitochondria - MB microbodies - L lipid body - P plastid - D dictyosomes     

Fluorescence Microscopy in the Study of Pollen Grains and Pollen Tubes

Fresh pollen gains were either crushed directly in a 0.01% solution of acridine orange (0.1 M phosphate-citrate buffer, pH 5.2-5.4) or they were germinated previously in 5-25% sucrose solution (glass-distilled water of pH 5.0-6.0 with 100 ppm H₃BO₃) inside moist incubating chambers at 24-30° C. Observations and records were made by using ultraviolet or blue-violet light with suitably coupled exciter and barrier filters. When the pollen grains, tube walls or cytoplasm interfered with observation of a particular cell content, the same was either pressed or dissected out of the gain or the tube. The vegetative, generative or sperm cells as well as other protoplasmic contents, such as plastid-like bodies, lipid granules and mitochondria could be differentiated.     

Investigation on the Development of Male Cametophyte in Anemarrhena Asphodeloides

Anemarrhena asphodeloides is a monotypic genus of Liliaceae, endemic to China and Korea. This genus is characterized by possessing three stamens. From development of male gametophyte, three features of the species are noteworthy. (1) During meiosis of the micros- pore mother cells, the Golgi vesicles are immediately incorporated into the formation of the material of callose wall; The latter lying at the outer tangential is about 4 gm in thickness dining formation of the tetrad. In the outer tangential callose wall there are certain cytoplasmic canals, which are about 0.6 to 1 μm in diameter. During the development of pollen grains, there are a number of other vesicles dispersing in the cytoplasm of the microspores. The activity of these vesicles seems to be involved in accumulation and formation of lipid bodies. But the above vesicles, which were derivxed from Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum, have not been known in this genus. (2) By two-celled stage of pollen grains, the unequal distribution of lipid bodies is very prominent, and they are singular in being placed on the boundary between the plasmalemma of vegetative and generative cells. While the generative cell is delached from the intine of pollen grain, the generative cell is surrounded by the lipid bodies which had been called the corona of them. By the observation of TEM, these lipid bodies come from the cytoplasm of vegetative cell and did not remain a constant surrounding layer. Towards the stage of pollen maturation, the lipid bodies lying oppositely to the nucleus of vegetative cell were gradually dispersed in the cytoplasm. Their function is unknown but the observation shows that some of them move to the plasmalemma of the pollen grain. (3) An important feature of the mature pollen grain in Anemarrhena is that the generative cell does not contain plastids during polle development. On the basis of cytological mechanisms of the plastid inheritance, Hagemann (1983) has classified the angiosperms into four groups of species, of which the Lycopersicum type, Solanum type, and Triticum type belong to the mode of a uniparental maternal inheritance of plastids; while the Pelargonium type represents the mode of biparental inheritance of plastids. Our studies have confirmed that the mode of plastid inheritance in Anemarrhena asphodeloides is similar to Gasteria verrucosa, both show the same mode of plastid inheritance of Lycopersicum type.     

Brassica napus pollen development during generative cell and sperm cell formation

Summary Brassica napus pollen development during the formation of the generative cell and sperm cells is analysed with light and electron microscopy. The generative cell is formed as a small lenticular cell attached to the intine, as a result of the unequal first mitosis. After detaching itself from the intine, the generative cell becomes spherical, and its wall morphology changes. Simultaneously, the vegetative nucleus enlarges, becomes euchromatic and forms a large nucleolus. In addition, the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell develops a complex ultrastructure that is characterized by an extensive RER organized in stacks, numerous dictyosomes and Golgi vesicles and a large quantity of lipid bodies. Microbodies, which are present at the mature stage, are not yet formed. The generative cell undergoes an equal division which results in two spindle-shaped sperm cells. This cell division occurs through the concerted action of cell constriction and cell plate formation. The two sperm cells remain enveloped within one continuous vegetative plasma membrane. One sperm cell becomes anchored onto the vegetative nucleus by a long extension enclosed within a deep invagination of the vegetative nucleus. Plastid inheritance appears to be strictly maternal since the sperm cells do not contain plastids; plastids are excluded from the generative cell even in the first mitosis.     

Chromatin assembly factor 1 regulates the cell cycle but not cell fate during male gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

The interdependence of cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling and cell fate determination remains unclear in flowering plants. Pollen development provides an interesting model, as it comprises only two cell types produced by two sequential cell divisions. The first division separates the vegetative cell from the generative cell. The generative cell divides and produces the two sperm cells, transported to the female gametes by the pollen tube produced by the vegetative cell. We show in Arabidopsis thaliana that loss of activity of the Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF1) pathway causes delay and arrest of the cell cycle during pollen development. Prevention of the second pollen mitosis generates a fraction of CAF1-deficient pollen grains comprising a vegetative cell and a single sperm cell, which both express correctly cell fate markers. The single sperm is functional and fertilizes indiscriminately either female gamete. Our results thus suggest that pollen cell fate is independent from cell cycle regulation.     

Interaction of lipid bodies with other cell organelles in the maturing pollen of Magnolia × soulangeana (Magnoliaceae)

The pollen grain maturation in Magnolia × soulangeana was studied ultrastructurally and cytochemically using both the light and transmission electron microscope. Emphasis was given on the storage lipid bodies of the vegetative cell (VC) and their interaction with other cell organelles. Stereological analysis of electron micrographs was performed to evaluate the variation in volume density (V_V), surface density, and surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) of various cell organelles during pollen maturation. The size and numerical density of the lipid bodies, and their frequency of association with other cell organelles, were also determined. It was noted that during pollen ontogeny and maturation, the lipid bodies changed their pattern of distribution in the VC cytoplasm, which may be a good marker for the succeeding stages of pollen development. Also, the size, osmiophily, and V_V of the lipid bodies were progressively reduced during pollen maturation whereas the S/V was significantly increased. This seems to indicate that the lipid bodies are mobilized in part during this period of pollen maturation. In particular, the intermediate and mature pollen showed a high percentage of lipid bodies establishing a physical contact with either glyoxysomes, either protein storage vacuoles, or small vesicles presumably originated from dictyosomes. This physical contact was found in both the chemically fixed and rapid freeze-fixed pollen indicating that it is neither artifactual nor casual. On the basis of this intimate association with other cell organelles and the morphometric analysis performed, we suggest that the mobilization of lipid bodies is likely mediated not only by glyoxysomes but also by other catabolic pathways involving the interaction of lipid bodies with either protein storage vacuoles or small Golgi vesicles.     

玉竹雄配子的发育——着重阐明质体在生殖细胞和营养细胞中的分布和变化

玉竹(Polygonatum simizui Kitag)小孢子在分裂前,质体极性分布导致分裂后形成的生殖细胞不含质体,而营养细胞包含了小孢子中全部的质体。生殖细胞发育至成熟花粉时期,及在花粉管中分裂形成的两个精细胞中始终不含质体。虽然生殖细胞和精细胞中都存在线粒体,但细胞质中无DNA类核。玉竹雄性质体的遗传为单亲母本型。在雄配子体发育过程中,营养细胞中的质体发生明显的变化。在早期的营养细胞质中,造粉质体增殖和活跃地合成淀粉。后期,脂体增加而造粉质体消失。接近成熟时花粉富含油滴。对百合科的不同属植物质体被排除的机理及花粉中贮藏的淀粉与脂体的转变进行了讨论。     

Microspore development inBrassica napus and the effect of high temperature on division in vivo and in vitro

Summary Brassica napus cv. Topas microspores isolated and cultured near the first pollen mitosis and subjected to a heat treatment develop into haploid embryos at a frequency of about 20%. In order to obtain a greater understanding of the induction process and embryogenesis, transmission electron microscopy was used to study the development of pollen from the mid-uninucleate to the bicellular microspore stage. The effect of 24 h of high temperature (32.5 °C) on microspore development was examined by heat treating microspore cultures or entire plants. Mid-uninucleate microspores contained small vacuoles. Late-uninucleate vacuolate microspores contained a large vacuole. The large vacuole of the vacuolate stage was fragmented into numerous small vacuoles in the late-uninucleate stage. The late-uninucleate stage contained an increased number of ribosomes, a pollen coat covering the exine and a laterally positioned nucleus. Prior to the first pollen mitosis the nucleus of the lateuninucleate microspore appeared to be appressed to the plasma membrane; numerous perinuclear microtubules were observed. Microspores developing into pollen divided asymmetrically to form a large vegetative cell with amyloplasts and a small generative cell without plastids. The cells were separated by a lens-shaped cell wall which later diminished. At the late-bicellular stage the generative cell was observed within the vegetative cell. Starch and lipid reserves were present in the vegetative cell and the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi were abundant. The microspore isolation procedure removed the pollen coat, but did not redistribute or alter the morphology of the organelles. Microspores cultured at 25 °C for 24 h resembled late-bicellular microspores except more starch and a thicker intine were present. A more equal division of microspores occurred during the 24 h heat treatment (32.5 °C) of the entire plant or of cultures. A planar wall separated the cells of the bicellular microspores. Both daughter cells contained plastids and the nuclei were of similar size. Cultured embryogenie microspores contained electron-dense deposits at the plasma membrane/cell wall interface, vesicle-like structures in the cell walls and organelle-free regions in the cytoplasm. The results are related to embryogenesis and a possible mechanism of induction is discussed.Abbreviations B binucleate - LU late uninucleate - LUV late uninucleate vacuolate - M mitotic - MU mid-uninucleate - RER rough endoplasmic reticulum - TEM transmission electron micrograph     

Generative cell envelope in pollen grains as a secretion system,a postulate

Summary This paper describes the changes undergone by the layer dividing the vegetative from the generative cell. The abundant contents of the space inside the membrane, consisting of opaque bodies, vary considerably as the pollen grain matures, and decrease in volumepari passu with the formation of the dense bodies in the plasm of the vegetative cells. The dense bodies constitute a layer of droplets surrounding the enveloping membrane of the generative cell within the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell.Connexions have been observed between the dense bodies and the partition layer which seem to indicate that the latter is apparently responsible for their organization, and is the area in which the synthesis of their contents takes place as well. The deposition of the dense bodies on the plasmalemma of the pollen grain points to their participation in the formation of one or other of the layers in which the grain is enveloped.     

Hermodactylus tuberosus L. (Iridaceae) pollen organisation before and after anther dehiscence

ABSTRACT

The morphology, cytology and viability of Hermodactylus tuberosus L. (Iridaceae) pollen were examined from the first mitosis until maturation and after anther opening. During maturation, the pollen coat becomes modified, and the vegetative cell cytoplasm accumulates several types of reserve substances. In the vegetative cell cytoplasm, starch is quickly utilised whereas lipid inclusions of different dimensions, shape and composition occur during pollen maturation. Pollen from opened anthers have a thin pollen coat; the cytoplasm has mostly lipid reserves, and many small vesicles and vacuoles. It is similar in size or larger than pollen located inside the anther, and its viability does not decrease until one day after anther dehiscence. Large osmiophilic bodies, different from those of the vegetative cell cytoplasm, are present in the generative cell cytoplasm starting from the first stage of pollen development. The poorly developed pollen coat in pollen from opened anthers suggests that it plays a minor role in attracting insects for pollination. The size and structural and ultrastructural features of mature pollen indicate that it does not undergo dehydration and possesses sufficient vigour for immediate germination.     

芝麻核雄性不育系ms86-1微粉发生的细胞学观察

芝麻(Sesamum indicum)核雄性不育系ms86-1姊妹交后代表现为可育、部分不育(即微粉)及完全不育(简称不育)3种类型。不同育性类型的花药及花粉粒形态差异明显。Alexander染色实验显示微粉植株花粉粒外壁为蓝绿色, 内部为不均一洋红色, 与可育株及不育株花粉粒的染色特征均不相同。为探明芝麻微粉发生机理, 在电子显微镜下比较观察了可育、微粉、不育类型的小孢子发育过程。结果表明, 可育株小孢子母细胞减数分裂时期代谢旺盛, 胞质中出现大量脂质小球; 四分体时期绒毡层细胞开始降解, 单核小孢子时期开始出现乌氏体, 成熟花粉时期花粉囊腔内及花粉粒周围分布着大量乌氏体, 花粉粒外壁有11–13个棱状凸起, 表面存在大量基粒棒, 形成紧密的覆盖层。不育株小孢子发育异常显现于减数分裂时期, 此时胞质中无脂质小球出现, 细胞壁开始积累胼胝质; 四分体时期绒毡层细胞未见降解; 单核小孢子时期无乌氏体出现; 成熟花粉时期花粉囊腔中未发现正常的乌氏体, 存在大量空瘪的败育小孢子, 外壁积累胼胝质, 缺乏基粒棒。微粉株小孢子在减数分裂时期可见胞质内有大量脂质小球, 四分体时期部分绒毡层发生变形, 单核小孢子时期有部分绒毡层开始降解; 绒毡层细胞降解滞后为少量发育进程迟缓的小孢子提供了营养物质, 部分小孢子发育为正常花粉粒; 这些花粉粒比较饱满, 表面有少量颗粒状突起, 但未能形成覆盖层, 花粉囊腔中及小孢子周围存在少量的乌氏体。小孢子形成的育性类型与绒毡层降解是否正常有关。     

棉花花粉水合和萌发时超微结构的变化：着重论述内质网和被膜小泡

棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)花粉在授粉后水合至萌发时期的营养细胞中贮藏的大量淀粉粒和脂体被动用。超微结构的观察表明,首先是造粉质体中的淀粉粒降解,尔后是脂体。在花粉水合至萌发时期,营养细胞中内质网和高尔基体十分活跃,并含丰富的被膜小泡。内质网的构型发生明显的变化:花粉刚水合时内质网潴泡高度扩张,不同程度扩张的内质网潴泡连续成网状并折迭形成许多囊袋状结构单位,其中包含造粉质体、脂体和被膜小泡群;其后,内质网潴泡形成的囊袋状结构消失,变为分支互通的网状结构;至萌发时,内质网潴泡略为扩张,有些连续成简单的网状,有些呈游离的囊泡状。被膜小泡始终是成群地分布,并与脂体联结,当脂体降解时一些被膜小泡与之融合。根据棉花花粉在水合至萌发时期,营养细胞质中存在独特形态的内质网系统和含丰富的被膜小泡,它们的动态行为及与淀粉和脂体的转化和降解之间的密切关系,讨论了这两种细胞器可能的功能。     

川百合精细胞的超微结构(英文)

川百合与朱顶红花粉管中的生殖细胞分裂行为非常不同。诸如：染色体行为、微管的组织形式和分布、包括着丝点、微管形成的时间,纺锤体的形状及间期周质微管网络在生殖细胞分裂过程中消失与否等。但这两种细胞具有某些共性,包括在有丝分裂前期缺乏早前期带微管（ＰＰＢ）,末期形成细胞板等。这两种植物精细胞的结构应有较大差异。我们曾报道了朱顶红精细胞的超微结构,本文详细从超微结构方面描述了川百合精细胞的特征。川百合花粉管的萌发采用半离体活体培养方式。１１～１８小时后,ＤＮＡ荧光染料Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３２５８和醋酸地衣红染色检查花粉管中生殖细胞和精细胞发育时期。切取含有分裂的生殖细胞和精细胞的花柱部分,按曾报道的方法固定、包埋、切片、染色及观察。在所有检查的花粉管中,两精子均前后排列（Ｆｉｇ．１～３）,营养核前导并靠近花粉管顶端（Ｆｉｇ．２,３）。Ｈ３３２５８染色可见两精核间以ＤＮＡ联系（Ｆｉｇ．３）。两个新形成的精核彼此分离（Ｆｉｇ．１）,后来又相互靠近,并维持一定距离（Ｆｉｇ．３）。偶尔一对精子与营养核靠近（Ｆｉｇ．２）。两精细胞被一共同的细胞壁连接,他们不仅被自己的质膜也被营养细胞的质膜包围构成周质。周质平坦光滑。共同壁横向     

A comparative ultrastructural study of pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia and male-sterile mutant apt1-3

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT) catalyzes the conversion of adenine and cytokinin bases to the corresponding nucleotides. An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking the major APT isoform, APT1, is male sterile due to defects soon after meiosis. We have now used electron microscopy to define the effects of APT1 deficiency on pollen development to determine whether the changes might be attributed to adenine or cytokinin metabolism. Changes were observed in mutant anthers in both tapetal and pollen mother cells prior to meiosis with additional defects found at later stages, in both compartments. Principal changes include altered lipid accumulation in the tapetal cells, changes in pollen cell wall development, and a loss of synchrony in the development of the tapetum and microspores. Taken together our results suggest that APT1 deficiency causes a general metabolic decrease in energy metabolism, due to the lack of adenine recycling into adenylate nucleotides, which ultimately leads to pollen abortion. The early onset of meiosis in the mutant may be associated with altered cytokinin metabolism.     

Somatic cytokinesis and pollen maturation in Arabidopsis depend on TPLATE, which has domains similar to coat proteins

TPLATE was previously identified as a potential cytokinesis protein targeted to the cell plate. Disruption of TPLATE in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to the production of shriveled pollen unable to germinate. Vesicular compartmentalization of the mature pollen is dramatically altered, and large callose deposits accumulate near the intine cell wall layer. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged TPLATE expression under the control of the pollen promoter Lat52 complements the phenotype. Downregulation of TPLATE in Arabidopsis seedlings and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 suspension cells results in crooked cell walls and cell plates that fail to insert into the mother wall. Besides accumulating at the cell plate, GFP-fused TPLATE is temporally targeted to a narrow zone at the cell cortex where the cell plate connects to the mother wall. TPLATE-GFP also localizes to subcellular structures that accumulate at the pollen tube exit site in germinating pollen. Ectopic callose depositions observed in mutant pollen also occur in RNA interference plants, suggesting that TPLATE is implicated in cell wall modification. TPLATE contains domains similar to adaptin and beta-COP coat proteins. These data suggest that TPLATE functions in vesicle-trafficking events required for site-specific cell wall modifications during pollen germination and for anchoring of the cell plate to the mother wall at the correct cortical position.     

Composition and Ultrastructure of Streptomyces venezuelae

Streptomyces venezuelae is a filamentous bacterium with branching vegetative hyphae embedded in the substrate and aerial hyphae bearing spores. The exterior of the spore is inlaid with myriads of tiny rods which can be removed with xylene. The spore wall is approximately 30 nanometers thick. Occasionally, it can be seen that the plasma membrane and the membranous bodies within a spore are connected. The spore's germ plasm is not separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope. The cell walls of the vegetative hyphae, which are about 15 nanometers thick, are structurally and chemically similar to those of gram-positive bacteria. The numerous internal membranous bodies, some of which arise from the plasma membrane of the vegetative hypha, may be vesicular, whirled, or convoluted. Membranous bodies are usually prominent at the hyphal apices and are associated with septum formation. The germ plasm is an elongate, contorted, centrally placed area of lower electron density than the hyphal cytoplasm. The spores differ from the vegetative hyphae, not only in fine structure, but also in the arginine and leucine contents of their total cellular proteins.     

Lipid body formation plays a central role in cell fate determination during developmental differentiation of Myxococcus xanthus

Cell differentiation is widespread during the development of multicellular organisms, but rarely observed in prokaryotes. One example of prokaryotic differentiation is the Gram-negative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus . In response to starvation, this gliding bacterium initiates a complex developmental programme that results in the formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies. How the cells metabolically support the necessary complex cellular differentiation from rod-shaped vegetative cells into spherical spores is unknown. Here, we present evidence that intracellular lipid bodies provide the necessary metabolic fuel for the development of spores. Formed at the onset of starvation, these lipid bodies gradually disappear until they are completely used up by the time the cells have become mature spores. Moreover, it appears that lipid body formation in M. xanthus is an important initial step indicating cell fate during differentiation. Upon starvation, two subpopulations of cells occur: cells that form lipid bodies invariably develop into spores, while cells that do not form lipid bodies end up becoming peripheral rods, which are cells that lack signs of morphological differentiation and stay in a vegetative-like state. These data indicate that lipid bodies not only fuel cellular differentiation but that their formation represents the first known morphological sign indicating cell fate during differentiation.     

大葱小孢子母细胞至二胞早期花粉发育的超微结构观察

用电镜观察了章丘大葱 (AlliumfistulosumL .)从小孢子母细胞至二胞早期花粉发育的超微结构。终变期的花粉母细胞 ,胼胝壁外方的相邻初生壁间及胞间隙内 ,存在胞间物质 ,四分体期 ,此物质尚部分存在。小孢子母细胞减数分裂前 ,细胞质内含有脂滴 ,小孢子有丝分裂以后 ,脂滴增多增大。小孢子分裂后期 ,质体已积累淀粉粒 1至多个。二胞早期花粉之营养细胞质内 ,有些含淀粉质体亦含脂滴。各发育期 ,核糖体及多聚合糖体丰富 ,并有很多的粗面内质网、高尔基体及小泡、线粒体 ,显示蛋白质、糖类及其它物质合成及运输作用的活跃。小孢子缺中央大液泡。有丝分裂后期 ,细胞器集中于未来的营养细胞极。小孢子胞质分裂期 ,有些内质网贴近或与花粉质膜相连 ,它们或有可能互相融合 ,扩大质膜面积而适应花粉的生长。还讨论了不同时期高尔基体小泡的作用。