支气管哮喘患者血清IL-4、TNF-α 及IgE 水平变化及临床意义

目的:研究支气管哮喘患者白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平变化及临床意义.方法:对78例支气管哮喘患者(急性发作期组39例、缓解期组39例)血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平进行检测,并与正常对照组的40例健康受试者进行比较分析.结果:支气管哮喘患者组血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平显著高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);急性发作期组血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平均显著高于缓解期组,差异亦均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);支气管哮喘患者血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平两两之间呈正性显著相关(P＜0.05).结论:检测支气管哮喘患者血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平对患者疾病预测及治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

干扰素-γ对小鼠哮喘模型治疗的研究

目的:探讨IFN-γ对哮喘小鼠肺部过敏炎症的抑制作用.方法:30只6-8周龄清洁级BALB/c小鼠随机分成正常组、哮喘组和IFN-γ组,以卵白蛋白致敏激发制作小鼠哮喘模型.哮喘组每次激发前给生理盐水鼻内滴入,IFN-γ组每次激发前给IFN-γ鼻内滴入.以ELISA试剂盒测定血清IgE的水平,采血后取肺组织,作病理切片.结果:哮喘组小鼠病理改变与其它各组有明显区别,而IFN-γ组与正常组无明显区别.哮喘组血清IgE水平高于正常组、IFN-γ组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但IFN-γ组与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:IFN-γ局部滴入治疗可抑制小鼠肺部过敏性炎症反应,改善过敏性哮喘的症状,减少EOS在炎症处聚集,降低哮喘小鼠血清IgE水平,在哮喘治疗上有一定的前景.     

血清IL-17 与IL-23 在支气管哮喘患者中的表达水平及其相关性

目的:探讨IL-17与IL-23在支气管哮喘患者血清中的表达水平及其相关性。方法:选择2010年2月~2015年9月在我院进行诊治的支气管哮喘患者98例,其中包括56例为缓解期组,42例为急性发作期组,对照组为20例体检健康者,观察三组的血清IL-17、IL-23水平及肺功能指标的差异,并分析其相关性。结果:与对照组相比,缓解期组和急性发作期组血清IL-17、IL-23水平均明显升高(P0.05),急性发作期组血清IL-17、IL-23水平均显著高于缓解期组(P0.05);急性发作期组患者的PEF%、FEV1%、V50%、V25%均明显低于缓解期组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);哮喘患者血清IL-17水平与IL-23水平呈正相关(r=0.685,P=0.000),血清IL-17与FEV1负相关(r=-0.592,P=0.000)、与PEF负相关(r=-0.515,P=0.000),IL-23与FEV1负相关(r=-0.598,P=0.000),与PEF负相关(r=-0.532,P=0.000)。结论:血清IL-17和IL-23的高表达可能参与了支气管哮喘的形成,并能影响疾病的进程,两者表达水平密切相关。     

易感基因多态性与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的:探讨白介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)基因589位点、白介素-4受体(interleukin-4 receptor,IL-4R)基因576位点多态性与内蒙古地区汉族支气管哮喘患者是否存在遗传易感性,是否与血清总IgE浓度相关.方法:采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测内蒙古地区62例支气管哮喘患者和30例汉族正常人群IL-4基因的589位点、IL-4R基因的576位点多态性,进行基因型和基因频率分析,同时采用Elisa法检测患者血清总IgE浓度.结果:哮喘组IL-4基因启动子区-589(C/T)位点多态性分布频率与对照组比较,两组间基因型频率分析(X2=3.437,P=0.179),无显著性统计学差异(P＞0.05);两组基因频率分析(X2=9.405,P=0.002),有显著性差异(P＜0.05).哮喘组IL-4R基因启动子区-576(Q/R)位点多态性分布频率与对照组比较,两组间基因型频率分析(X2=0.815,P=0.665),无显著性统计学差异(P＞0.05),两组基因频率分析(X2=0.245,P=0.621),无显著性差异(P＞0.05).哮喘组血清总IgE浓度高于对照组,有显著性差异(t=6.367,P=0.00,P＜0.05).结论:内蒙古地区汉族人群哮喘组中,IL-4基因启动子区-589(C/T)位点多态性与支气管哮喘的发病无显著性差异;IL-4R基因-576(Q/R)位点多态性与支气管哮喘的发病无显著性差异;患者组血清总IgE显著高于对照组,但是与IL-4基因启动子区-589(C/T)位点多态性和IL-4R基因-576(Q/R)位点多态性没有相关性.     

柴胡渗湿汤对哮喘大鼠血清中IL-5 及IL-13 影响的实验研究

目的:观察柴胡渗湿汤对哮喘大鼠血清中IL-5及IL-13含量的影响,探讨柴胡渗湿汤治疗哮喘的作用机制。方法:将84只雄性Wi star大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、模型对照组、地塞米松组、定喘汤组、柴胡渗湿汤低剂量组、柴胡渗湿汤中剂量组、柴胡渗湿汤高剂量组,每组12只,采用卵蛋白制作大鼠哮喘模型,予相应药物干预。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠血清中IL-5及IL-13水平。实验数据采用SPSS11.5统计软件进行分析。结果:实验后各组死亡率比较均无差异,P>0.05;模型对照组与正常对照组血清中IL-5及IL-13含量水平有显著差异,表明大鼠哮喘模型存在着血清IL-5及IL-13含量异常增高的病理状态;与模型对照组相比较,各治疗组血清中IL-5及IL-13的含量明显降低,其中尤以地塞米松组、柴胡渗湿汤中剂量组和柴胡渗湿汤高剂量组的作用更明显。结论:柴胡渗湿汤治疗哮喘的作用机制与降低IL-5及IL-13的水平有关;上述作用具有一定的量效关系,但并不因给药剂量的增加而增加。     

胆囊切除术后患者IL-6、IL-10 及TNF-alpha水平的变化及意义

目的：探讨胆囊摘除术后患者IL-6,IL-10 以及TNF-alpha水平变化。方法：选取我院收治的行胆囊切除术患者120 例,根据手术 方式的不同随机分为实验组60 例,为腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,对照组60 例,为常规开腹切除术患者。观察并比较术前、术后第1 天、第2 天、第3 天患者的IL-6,IL-10、TNF-alpha水平以及术后患者的疲劳情况。结果：①手术后,两组患者较手术前IL-6 均有所升 高,且对照组较实验组升高明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者较手术前IL-10 均有所降低,且对照组较实验组降低明 显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。②手术后,两组与手术前相比较TNF-alpha水平明显升高,与实验组相比较,对照组升高明显,差异 有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。③手术后,两组的疲劳情况相比较,实验组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：胆囊切除 术后患者IL-6,IL-10,以及TNF-alpha均有所升高,说明应激反应正在发生,进而出现术后疲劳。     

哮喘豚鼠IFN-γ／IL-4失衡与IgE水平相关性研究

采用ELISA法、放免法和化学发光法分别观察哮喘豚鼠血清及肺组织匀浆中IFN-γ,IL-4,IgE的含量变化,以及IFN-γ/IL-4与IgE的相关性在哮喘发病机制中的关系和作用。结果表明:哮喘组血清及肺组织一浆中IL-4,IgE含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01),IFN-γ水平明显低于对照组(血清P<0.01;肺组织 P<0.05)。直线相关分析结果表明:IFN-γ,IL-4和IFN-γ/IL-4与IgE呈显著相关性,其中IFN-γ/IL-4与IgE呈显著负相关(血清中 P<0.05;肺组织匀浆中 P<0.01),提示IFN-γ/IL-4的失衡及IgE水平升高在哮喘发病中可能发挥重要作用。     

Effect of inhaled glucocorticoid and leukotriene receptor on IL-6 expression in the lungs of asthmatic mice

目的 探讨白细胞介素6 (IL-6)在小鼠哮喘模型肺组织表达及吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)、白三烯受体拮抗剂对其影响.方法 96只雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为哮喘组、布地奈德组、孟鲁斯特组和对照组,每组24只.每组又分为第1周、第2周、第3周、第4周4个亚组,每亚组6只.免疫组化标记IL-6在肺组织的分布,Image-Pro Plus图像分析系统分析IL-6的灰度值.结果 成功制作哮喘小鼠模型.与对照组相比,哮喘组、布地奈德组、孟鲁斯特组IL-6表达在第1～4周时差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);孟鲁斯特组IL-6表达在第3周时较布地奈德组增多(P＜0.05);哮喘组、布地奈德组、孟鲁斯特组在不同时间点组内差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IL-6参与哮喘气道炎症.布地奈德、孟鲁斯特可减少哮喘小鼠肺组织IL-6的表达,布地奈德作用优于孟鲁斯特.     

IL-21单克隆抗体对MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠的治疗作用*

目的: 探讨IL-21单克隆抗体对MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠的免疫治疗作用。方法: 将20只MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠随机分为模型组和治疗组,每组10只;同年龄同性别C57BL/6小鼠10只作为正常组。治疗组小鼠每周腹腔注射IL-21单克隆抗体(100 μg),正常组及模型组小鼠每周腹腔注射等量生理盐水(100 μg),连续干预8周。干预结束后观察小鼠皮毛、活动等一般性状及浅表淋巴结大小,并采集小鼠血液、尿液及肾脏标本。采用Western blot法检测三组小鼠肾组织中IL-21蛋白表达情况;采用ELISA法比较三组小鼠血清抗ds-DNA抗体、ANA抗体、血尿素氮、肌酐和炎症因子IL-17A、TGF-β1水平;采用生物化学法比较三组小鼠24 h尿蛋白水平。结果: 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肾组织IL-21、血清抗ds-DNA、ANA抗体水平、尿素氮、肌酐、IL-17A浓度及24 h尿蛋白水平均升高(P＜0.05),TGF-β1浓度降低(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,治疗组小鼠肾组织IL-21、血清抗ds-DNA、ANA抗体水平、尿素氮、肌酐、IL-17A浓度、24 h尿蛋白水平均降低(P＜0.05),TGF-β1浓度升高(P＜0.01)。结论: 腹腔注射IL-21单克隆抗体可改善MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠免疫功能与肾损害,提示治疗机制可能与重塑Th17/Treg相关细胞因子平衡有关。     

高体重指数支气管哮喘患者血清中IL-8、IL-10及INF-γ的研究及意义

目的:探讨高体重指数支气管哮喘患者血清中IL-8、IL-10及INF-γ的变化及临床意义。方法:选择高体重指数支气管哮喘患者(36例)、正常体重指数支气管哮喘患者(32例)以及健康人(32例),采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测其急性发作期和缓解期血清中IL-8、IL-10和INF-γ的水平。结果:①高体重指数支气管哮喘组与正常体重指数支气管哮喘组急性发作期血清中IL-8水平显著高于缓解期以及对照组的水平(P<0.05)。②在缓解期,高体重指数支气管哮喘组血清中IL-8水平仍高于正常体重指数支气管哮喘组和对照组的水平(P<0.05)。③在急性发作期,高体重指数支气管哮喘组和正常体重指数支气管哮喘组血清中IL-10水平均显著低于其在缓解期及对照组的水平(P<0.05)。④三组间血清INF-γ水平在急性期与缓解期均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:血清中IL-8是高体重指数支气管哮喘患者发病过程中的重要炎症因子,并且始终参与其中。IL-10可能是支气管哮喘的抑炎因子,其缺乏可能是导致哮喘患者急性发作的因素之一。     

IL-23 and IL-17 in tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a chronic disease requiring the constant expression of cellular immunity to limit bacterial growth. The constant expression of immunity also results in chronic inflammation, which requires regulation. While IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T helper cells (Th1) are required for control of bacterial growth they also initiate and maintain a mononuclear inflammatory response. Other T cell subsets are induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection including those able to produce IL-17 (Th17). IL-17 is a potent inflammatory cytokine capable of inducing chemokine expression and recruitment of cells to parenchymal tissue. Both the IL-17 and the Th17 response to Mtb are largely dependent upon IL-23. Although both Th17 and Th1 cells are induced following primary infection with Mtb, the protective response is significantly altered in the absence of Th1 cells but not in the absence of Th17. In contrast, in vaccinated animals the absence of memory Th17 cells results in loss of both the accelerated memory Th1 response and protection. Th1 and Th17 responses cross-regulate each other during mycobacterial infection and this may be important for immunopathologic consequences not only in tuberculosis but also other mycobacterial infections.     

IL-18/IL-18BP and IL-22/IL-22BP: Two interrelated couples with therapeutic potential

Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-22 are key components of cytokine networks that play a decisive role in (pathological) inflammation, host defense, and tissue regeneration. Tight regulation of cytokine-driven signaling, inflammation, and immunoactivation is supposed to enable nullification of a given deleterious trigger without mediating overwhelming collateral tissue damage or even activating a cancerous face of regeneration. In fact, feedback regulation by specific cytokine opponents is regarded as a major means by which the immune system is kept in balance. Herein, we shine a light on the interplay between IL-18 and IL-22 and their opponents IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-22BP in order to provide integrated information on their biology, pathophysiological significance, and prospect as targets and/or instruments of therapeutic intervention.     

IL-4-supported induction of cytolytic T lymphocytes requires IL-2 and IL-6

Previous work indicated that a CTL response can be generated by the combination of IL-2 plus IL-6 or IL-4 alone. Because of the ubiquitous production of IL-6 and its apparent ability to induce IL-2, we explored the interdependence of these lymphokines in supporting a CTL response from murine thymocytes. For thymocytes cultured in IL-4, further addition of IL-6 enhanced thymocyte proliferation. In addition, a role for IL-6 in thymocyte activation was indicated by the ability of anti-IL-6 mAb to block both IL-4-directed proliferation and the cytotoxic response found in the presence of IL-4. The addition of IL-2 to limiting doses of IL-4 augmented the CTL response; however, the response to high levels of IL-4 was not augmented by addition of IL-2. Consistent with this apparent involvement of IL-2 in the IL-4-mediated response we found: (a) that mAb to IL-2 significantly reduced the CTL response generated in the presence of IL-4; (b) that IL-2 activity was present in culture supernatant following incubation of thymocytes with high levels of IL-4; and (c) that enhanced IL-2 receptor expression found in the presence of IL-4 was blocked with the addition of anti-IL-2 antibody to the thymocyte culture. In contrast to the data for proliferation, anti-IL-4 mAb had no effect on the generation of CTL in the presence of IL-2 + IL-6 but readily blocked the CTL response to IL-4. These results indicate that, for thymocyte responders, the CD8+ CTL generated in the presence of IL-4 require both IL-2 and IL-6.     

IL-1，IL-6，IL-8 与胃癌的关系

胃癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在我国其发病率居各类肿瘤前列,导致的死亡人数占所有肿瘤的四分之一,而且每年有近40万新增的胃癌病人,但是其早期诊断率低于20%,胃癌已经成为危害人民健康的最严重的疾病之一。白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)作为在白细胞或免疫细胞间相互作用的淋巴因子,不仅在介导T、B细胞活化、增殖与分化以及炎症反应中起着重要作用,近年来,越来越多的学者发现其与肿瘤的发生及发展也有着密不可分的联系。目前为止,已经发现了29种白细胞介素,分别被命名为IL-1~IL-29,它们各自承担着相应的使命。国内外大量实验及文献表明,IL-1,IL-6,IL-8和胃癌有着密切的关系,这对于胃癌的早期诊断及治疗提出了新的思路,进而提高胃癌的早期诊断率,改善胃癌的治疗状况。本文对IL-1,IL-6,IL-8的来源、分子结构及受体方面进行简要概述,同时阐述了其生物学特性及与胃癌的关系。     

Combined IL-15/IL-15Ralpha immunotherapy maximizes IL-15 activity in vivo

IL-15 has substantial potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for augmenting immune responses. However, the activity of IL-15 is mediated by a unique mechanism in which the cytokine is transpresented by cell-bound high-affinity IL-15Ralpha to target cells expressing the IL-15Rbeta and the common gamma-chain. Thus, the efficacy of administered IL-15 alone may be limited by the availability of free IL-15Ralpha. We now show that administration of soluble IL-15/IL-15Ralpha complexes greatly enhanced IL-15 half-life and bioavailability in vivo. Treatment of mice with this complex, but not with IL-15 alone, resulted in robust proliferation of memory CD8 T cells, NK cells, and NK T cells. The activity of the complex required IL-15Rbeta, but not IL-15Ralpha, expression by the responding cells and was IL-7-independent. Interestingly, IL-15/IL-15Ralpha immunotherapy also caused naive CD8 T cell activation and development into effector cells and long-term memory T cells. Lastly, complexed IL-15, as compared with IL-15 alone, dramatically reduced tumor burden in a model of B16 melanoma. These findings hold significant importance for the use of IL-15 as a potential adjuvant/therapeutic and inducer of homeostatic proliferation, without the necessity for prior immunodepletion.     

Recombinant human interleukins IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7 show different and specific calcium-independent carbohydrate-binding properties

A method was developed for the determination of putative lectin activities of cytokines. It involved the immunoblotting measurement of the quantity of these cytokines unbound to a series of different immobilized glycoconjugates and displacement of the bound cytokines with oligosaccharides of known structures. This method allows demonstrating that the following interleukins specifically recognize different oligosaccharide structures in a calcium-independent mechanism: interleukin-1alpha binds to the biantennary disialylated N-glycan completed with two Neu5Acalpha2-3 residues; interleukin-1beta to a GM4 sialylated glycolipid Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-Cer having very long and unusual long-chain bases; interleukin-4 to the 1,7 intramolecular lactone of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid; interleukin-6 to compounds having N-linked and O-linked HNK-1-like epitopes; and interleukin-7 to the sialyl-Tn antigen. Because the glycan ligands are rare structures in human circulating cells, it is suggested that such activities could be essential for providing specific signaling systems to cells having both the receptors and the oligosaccharide ligands of the interleukin at their cell surface.     

Serum IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6 in insulin-dependent diabetic children

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disease characterized by T-cell-dependent autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. T cells are activated in response to islet-dominant autoantigens, the result being the development of IDDM. Insulin is one of the islet autoantigens responsible for the activation of T-lymphocyte functions, inflammatory cytokine production, and development of IDDM. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in children IDDM. The study population consisted of 27 children with IDDM and 25 healthy controls. Children with IDDM were divided into three subgroups: (1) previously diagnosed patients (long standing IDDM) (n : 15), (2) newly diagnosed patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (before treatment) (n : 12), and (3) newly diagnosed patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (after treatment for two weeks) (n : 12). In all stages of diabetes higher levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha and lower levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were detected. Our data about elevated serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and decreased IL-2, IL-6 levels in newly diagnosed IDDM patients in comparison with longer standing cases supports an activation of systemic inflammatory process during early phases of IDDM which may be indicative of an ongoing beta-cell destruction. Persistence of significant difference between the cases with IDDM monitored for a long time and controls in terms of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-alpha supports continuous activation during the late stages of diabetes.