长期施肥对农田黑土微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为了研究长期不同施肥对农田黑土微生物群落功能多样性的影响,采用Biolog ECO微平板培养法,对已经连续施肥35年的农业部哈尔滨黑土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站4种处理(CK、NPK、M、MNPK)的两个土层(0～20、20～40 cm)微生物群落功能多样性进行研究.结果表明: 在0～20 cm土层,有机无机肥(MNPK)配施能够显著提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力以及群落代谢功能的丰富度、多样性和优势度,而在20～40 cm土层则低于单施化肥(NPK)处理,两个土层单施化肥均降低土壤微生物群落代谢均匀度.不同施肥处理土壤微生物对6种碳源的利用率在0～20和20～40 cm两个土层间存在差异,而在每个土层的处理间差异显著(P<0.05),但各处理间的变化规律在两个土层中不一致.典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,各处理土壤微生物群落代谢功能在0～20和20～40 cm土层间存在差异,且在两个土层的处理间也存在差异,而土壤养分含量对各处理土壤微生物群落代谢功能的影响规律在两个土层中较为相似.长期不同施肥会对耕层及以下土壤微生物群落功能多样性产生影响,在20～40 cm土层中单施化肥对微生物群落功能多样性的影响较大.     

应用PLFA方法分析长期不同施肥处理对玉米地土壤微生物群落结构的影响

土壤微生物群落被认为是土壤生态系统变化的预警及敏感指标,指示土壤质量变化,决定着土壤的生态功能.为了探讨长期施肥处理(1987～2004年)对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法测定了沈阳农业大学棕壤长期定位试验站玉米地不同施肥土壤微生物生物量的活性部分及群落结构的变化情况.结论:长期施肥处理都能提高土壤微生物总生物量、细菌生物量及真菌生物量,特别是有机肥和有机无机肥配施在整个生育期对微生物总生物量的增加作用比较明显.真菌的生长与季节变化和玉米生育的关系较为密切,各施肥处理土壤真菌含量在抽雄期都明显降低.长期不同施肥处理可以改变土壤微生物群落结构,单施氮肥处理土壤微生物群落结构与长期不施肥处理较为相似,没有明显的优势种群.施用有机肥和有机无机配施的土壤微生物群落均以含a15:0, i15:0, cy17:0, i16:0, 16:1w7t,10Me18:0和15:0的微生物为优势种群.土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾是微生物生长和活性的主要能源和营养因子.     

高寒草甸连续围封与施肥对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

以放牧为对照,应用PLFA法分析研究了放牧、连续6年围封及围封内连续6年施肥后高寒草甸土壤微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明:围封和围封内施肥对不同土层各菌群和微生物总量均有显著影响,其对0 ～ 10 cm土层微生物的影响大于10～20 cm土层,不同土层的PLFA种类发生显著变化.围封和围封内施肥处理不同土层的革兰氏阴性菌(G-)含量均低于放牧;放牧0 ～10 cm土层中细菌、真菌、革兰氏阳性菌(G+)、微生物总量大干围封和围封内施肥处理,但其放线菌生物量均低于围封和围封内施肥处理;在10～20 cm土层中,各样地土壤中的G+无显著差异,围封土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物总量显著高于放牧,而围封内施肥后各菌群生物量及微生物总量明显下降.围封和围封内施肥不同土层的细菌/真菌均高于放牧;一般饱和脂肪酸/单烯不饱和脂肪酸(SAT/MONO)和革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G+/G－),围封处理均低于放牧,围封内施肥处理均高于放牧.连续围封和围封内施肥后降低了土壤微生物活性和土壤生态系统的稳定性.     

采煤塌陷地不同施肥处理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析方法,对山西长治襄垣五阳煤矿采煤沉陷区复垦土壤的微生物群落结构进行了研究。结果表明:施肥处理能够不同程度的增加土壤微生物的PLFA总量、细菌PLFA量和真菌PLFA量,其中化肥+有机肥处理下的土壤微生物PLFA总量,细菌PLFA量和真菌PLFA量增加作用比较明显,差异显著于对照处理;对不同施肥处理的复垦土壤微生物群落PLFA进行主成分分析也可得出化肥+有机肥处理下的土壤微生物的群落结构变化比较大,从因子载荷图上进一步分析可知,化肥+有机肥处理下的土壤中代表真菌的不饱和脂肪酸C18∶2ω6t、C18∶3ω6、18∶1ω9t、18∶3ω3的含量较高,这些脂肪酸将化肥+有机肥处理与单施化肥和对照处理区分开来,产生了明显的优势种群。土壤PLFA总量与土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量都有很好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.76,0.85,0.67和0.67。     

黄土丘陵区不同施肥处理对土壤微生物特性的影响

研究旨在探讨在土壤贫瘠的黄土丘陵区,施肥对土壤微生物产生的影响及其机理。试验以安塞站内长期定位施肥小区为研究对象,试验处理包括CK(对照)、N(氮肥)、P(磷肥)、M(有机肥)、NP(氮肥+磷肥)、MN(有机肥+氮肥)、MP(有机肥+磷肥)和MNP(有机肥+氮肥+磷肥),研究长期施肥对土壤微生物群落结构和呼吸的影响。0—20cm耕作层的土壤微生物活性和PLFA含量均高于20—40cm土层的微生物活性和PLFA含量,耕作层较20—40cm基础呼吸提高63.61%—116.78%,诱导呼吸提高53.45%—137.64%,总PLFA含量提高16.16%—43.67%。单施N和P增强了土壤呼吸强度,0—20cm基础呼吸强度分别升高34.11%和48.89%,诱导呼吸强度分别升高40.83%和63.59%,20—40cm基础呼吸分别升高40.83%和63.59%,诱导呼吸分别升高14.70%和20.49%。单施N显著改变G-微生物群落,0—20cm和20—40cm土层的PLFA含量分别显著升高63.19%和53.07%,单施P对土壤微生物群落结构同样产生显著影响,但是NP对微生物群落结构的影响不显著。有机无机肥配施显著提高土壤呼吸及微生物PLFA含量。通过三因素方差分析,单一氮肥因素对土壤微生物特性的影响不显著;单一磷肥因素对微生物的呼吸强度及部分磷脂脂肪酸含量产生显著影响,在耕作层中,磷肥因素对这些微生物特性的影响比率为11.4%—54.0%。通过RDA分析,表明土壤速效磷是影响黄土丘陵区微生物特性的主要因素。长期氮磷有机肥混施有助于提高土壤微生物的特性,进而改善农田生态系统的稳定和健康水平。     

施肥和杂草多样性对土壤微生物群落的影响

常年使用化肥和除草剂以及农业新技术的高投入,使我国粮食主产区耕地出现了生产力降低、土壤生物多样性失调和污染严重等生态问题。采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法来评估施肥和杂草多样性对冬小麦土壤微生物群落结构的影响。实验采用裂区实验设计,施肥作为主因素,杂草多样性作为次因素。化肥和有机肥两个施肥处理,在两个施肥处理中进行杂草多样性设置,实验盆中心种植作物(冬小麦8株),四周种植杂草(8株),杂草种类选择野燕麦、苜蓿、菊苣、播娘蒿。杂草多样性处理设为0、1、2、4种杂草处理,0种杂草处理仅种植作物,有6盆;1种杂草处理为每盆种1种杂草,有12盆;2种杂草处理为每盆种两种杂草,有12盆;4种杂草处理为每盆种4种杂草,有6盆。结果表明:在两种施肥处理中,增加杂草多样性显著增加了土壤碳氮比和p H值,碳氮比都是在4种杂草处理中最高。施化肥处理中,增加杂草多样性显著影响真菌和细菌比,真菌和细菌比在4种杂草处理中最大,显著高于0、1、2种杂草处理。在施有机肥处理中,增加杂草多样性显著影响阳性菌和阴性菌比,阳性菌和阴性菌比在0种杂草处理中最低,显著低于1、2、4种杂草处理。在两个施肥处理中,土壤碳氮比与各类群微生物量显著相关,杂草多样性通过改变土壤碳氮比改变微生物群落构成,并且微生物群落结构转变方式不同。     

长期施肥对农田黑土r-K策略菌群的影响

直接参与土壤养分代谢周转过程的土壤微生物群落是土壤肥力质量的重要衡量指标。本文研究了长期施肥对农田黑土细菌和真菌r-K策略菌群(生态生理功能)的影响。结果表明:施肥处理菌群生长的均匀度和丰富度有所降低,细菌和真菌生态生理指数(EP)降低幅度分别为0.019～0.106和0.023～0.185。各处理K策略菌数量均大于相应的r策略菌。施肥能增加土壤r策略细菌数量,但不利于r策略真菌生长。与CK相比,r-K策略细菌和K策略真菌数量在单施中量有机肥处理中增幅最大;有机肥与化肥配施处理r-K策略细菌和K策略真菌数量高于单施同种化肥处理。在K策略菌占优势下,施用化肥有利于r策略菌比率提高,而有机肥与化肥配施倾向于使K策略菌比率增加。相关性分析表明,K策略菌群与土壤N素呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),可能是影响土壤N素循环的关键菌群。     

罕山土壤微生物群落组成对植被类型的响应

选取分布在中国东北部地区的阔叶林-针叶林-亚高山草甸这一明显的植被垂直带谱来研究植被类型对土壤微生物群落组成的影响。选取5种植被类型-山杨(Populus davidiana)(1250—1300 m),山杨(P.davidiana)与白桦(Betula platyphylla)的混交林(1370—1550 m),白桦(B.platyphylla)(1550—1720 m),落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)(1840—1890 m),亚高山草甸(1900—1951 m),采用磷脂脂肪酸(Phopholipid Fatty Acids,PLFAs)分析方法测定不同植被类型下的土壤微生物群落组成。分别采用主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis,PCA)以及冗余分析(Redundancy Analysis,RDA)来解释单种特征PLFAs的分异以及土壤理化指标与微生物PLFAs指标间的相关性。结果表明不同植被类型下土壤有机碳(SOC)对土壤微生物PLFAs总量,各类群(真菌(f)、细菌(b)、革兰氏阳性菌(G+)、革兰氏阴性菌(G-))生物量以及群落结构影响显著;土壤微生物PLFAs总量及各类群的生物量随土层加深总体上表现降低趋势,G+/G-和f/b分别随土层加深总体上表现升高趋势。不同植被类型下,阔叶混交林土壤PLFAs总量及各类群生物量总体上最高;针叶林比阔叶林下的f/b和G+/G-高;亚高山草甸下低的p H值对有机碳的可利用性有一定的抑制作用,导致f/b和G+/G-的值相对较高。总之,不同植被类型下SOC对土壤微生物群落组成的影响最为显著,而较低的p H对有机碳的可利用性有一定的抑制作用;真菌对植被类型的变化比细菌更敏感,而细菌更易受可利用性养分和p H变异的影响,这对预测不同林型下的土壤微生物群落组成有重要的启示作用。     

培养条件下二氯喹啉酸对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为探讨除草剂二氯喹啉酸对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,在25℃黑暗培养条件下,采用磷脂脂肪酸法(Phospholipid Fatty Acid,PLFA)分析了二氯喹啉酸(0对照、83.3和166.6μg/kg干土)处理对淹水和不淹水水田土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,在实验处理的60 d内,不淹水水田土壤在83.3μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理后对土壤微生物生物总量、细菌生物量及真菌生物量有抑制作用,而166.6μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理后各生物量指标均显著增加,但是两种浓度处理均使土壤真菌/细菌比值下降,说明二氯喹啉酸处理会使不淹水水田土壤微生物稳定性下降;淹水水田土壤在83.3μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理下,对土壤微生物生物总量和真菌生物量有促进作用,对细菌生物量有一定的抑制作用,166.6μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理对土壤微生物生物总量、细菌及真菌生物量均有促进作用,从真菌/细菌比值上看,不同浓度处理与对照无显著差异,说明二氯喹啉酸对淹水生物稳定性无明显干扰。PLFA主成分分析表明,不同浓度处理的两种土壤微生物群落均以含14∶0、15∶0、16∶0和18∶2n6c的微生物为优势种群。     

长期不同施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

微生物群落功能多样性对土壤管理具有重要指示作用,施肥措施对土壤微生物群落功能多样性产生重要的影响,从而影响土壤有机质的含量,引起土地碳贮量变化,进而影响到陆地生态系统的碳汇.以位于湖南省桃江县国家级稻田肥力长期定位试验点的土样为研究对象,采用BIOLOG测试板对不同施肥处理下土壤微生物功能多样性进行了研究.研究结果显示,土壤微生物的碳源利用率因长期不同的施肥处理而发生分异.Shannon和Simpson指数的结果显示所有施肥处理均有利于维持微生物群落多样性,但秸秆还田和习惯施肥使群落均匀度(McIntosh指数)降低.主成分分析表明,试验点土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源为氨基酸类和糖类,但不同施肥处理碳源利用类型有差异.结果可以得出,不同的施肥对土壤微生物功能多样性产生了不同影响,从而影响土壤有机质中碳、氮含量.这些信息可以为深入研究施肥对全球碳氮循环以及全球气候变迁提供依据.     

长期磷肥处理农田黑土细菌群落特征

研究了公主岭国家黑土长期定位站不同施肥处理（对照、磷、氮 磷、氮 磷 钾、有机肥-磷、有机肥-氮-磷、有机肥-氮-磷-钾等）土壤基本理化性质及细菌群落特征.结果表明：有机肥处理土壤有机质（OM）、总氮（TN）、有效磷（AP）、碱解氮（AN）、速效钾（AK）等养分含量显著增加,而单施化肥各处理OM、AN含量无明显变化.与未施肥对照处理相比,有机肥-氮-磷配施与有机肥-氮-磷-钾配施处理总细菌磷脂脂肪酸分别增加34%和62%,G⁺菌磷脂脂肪酸分别增加58%和74%,G^-菌磷脂脂肪酸分别增加64%和69%.各化肥处理细菌脂肪酸含量均有所下降,以磷处理最低.除G⁺菌磷脂脂肪酸外（有机肥-磷配施显著大于氮-磷-钾肥配施）,氮-磷肥配施、氮-磷-钾肥配施与有机肥-磷肥配施三者间细菌脂肪酸含量无显著差异.相关分析表明,各细菌磷脂脂肪酸与OM、AP、AN、AK、NO₃^--N含量呈极显著相关.     

黄顶菊对不同入侵地植物群落及土壤微生物群落的影响

为明确不同入侵地植物群落和土壤生态对黄顶菊入侵的反馈机制,选取天津静海(JH)、河北沧州(CZ)、河北衡水(HS)及河南安阳(AY)4个黄顶菊入侵典型区域,研究黄顶菊对不同入侵地植物群落多样性、土壤理化及土壤微生物群落结构的影响,并进一步揭示植物群落、土壤养分和土壤微生物之间的相关关系。结果表明,黄顶菊入侵显著降低了JH、CZ和HS的植物群落多样性指数(P0.05),改变了四个地区的土壤理化性质,显著升高了不同入侵地真菌PLFA的含量、总PLFA的含量、真菌/细菌和革兰氏阴性菌/革兰氏阳性菌(P0.05),降低了土壤微生物的Margalef丰富度指数(P0.05),但均存在地区间差异;RDA和相关分析的结果表明,硝态氮、全氮的含量对植物群落的影响较大,而铵态氮的含量对土壤微生物群落结构的影响较大,除丰富度指数外,植物群落与土壤微生物群落的多样性指数之间存在显著的负相关关系(P0.05)。总之,黄顶菊改变了入侵地植物群落多样性,并且对入侵地土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落结构产生了显著影响,且存在地区差异。本研究将为更好的理解外来植物的入侵机制及制定相应的防控策略提供理论依据。     

Distribution of soil carbon and microbial biomass in arable soils under different tillage regimes

We have measured total soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial lipid contents (as indices of microbial biomass and community structure), and their distributions to 60 cm depth in soils from replicated medium-term (2003?C2008) experimental arable plots subject to different tillage regimes in Scotland. The treatments were zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT; cultivation to 7 cm), the conventional tillage (CT) practice of ploughing to 20 cm, and deep ploughing (DP) to 40 cm depth. In the 0?C30 cm depth range, SOC content (corrected for bulk density differences between tillage treatments) was greatest under ZT and MT, but over 0?C60 cm depth the SOC contents of these treatments were similar to the CT and DP treatments. DOC concentrations declined with increasing depth in ZT and MT above 20 cm, but there were no significant differences with depth in the CT and DP treatments. Beneath 20 cm, there was little change in DOC concentration with depth for all treatments, although for the MT treatment, there was less DOC beneath the depth of cultivation. The total microbial biomass decreased with increasing depth over the 0?C60 cm range in the ZT and MT treatments, whereas it decreased with depth only below 30?C40 cm in the CT and DP treatments. The microbial biomass was significantly different only between 0?C5 cm in the ZT, CT and DP treatments, but not for other depths between all treatments. The bacterial biomass was greater in the ZT treatment than in MT, CT and DP near the soil surface, but not significantly different over the whole profile (0?C60 cm). The fungal biomass decreased with depth in the ZT and MT treatments over the whole 0?C60 cm depth range, whereas it decreased with depth only below 20 cm in the CT and DP treatments.     

Impact of oily waste application on the mite community on an arable soil

A two-year study on the effects of experimentally incorporated oily industrial wastes on the community structure of soil mites was performed at an old-field site in central New York State (U.S.A.). Twenty plots were divided among five groups: three treatment groups which received different application rates of oily wastes (High, Medium, Low), a natural control group (Natural) which was left undisturbed, and a rototilled control group (Control) which was subject to physical disturbance comparable to that of treatment groups, but not waste application. Wastes were applied at three times during the study (Treatments I–III) and samples were taken monthly and extracted with a high-gradient extractor.Effects of rototilling and oily waste application varied among major mite groups and the 86 species represented. In some instances effects were immediate; in others they were either delayed (determined by population phenology characteristics) or were initially masked, as when strong rototilling effects made waste-treatment effects indistinguishable. The overall immediate impact of rototilling was a reduction in both density and diversity of all mite groups (except diversity of Mesostigmata) in the upper 5 cm of soil, without total extirpation of any species. Clear negative impacts of oily wastes were noted for all major groups except the Mesostigmata, and seemed to be striking regardless of application rate. It was recovery time, rather than initial effects, which varied with application rate; heavier applications required longer periods of recovery. Relative rankings of species were clearly altered only in the Prostigmata, and only after Treatment I, but the effect was short-lived.This study was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, subcontracted through Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Contract CR-809285).     

Effect of nutrient periodicity on microbial community dynamics

When microbes are subjected to temporal changes in nutrient availability, growth rate and substrate affinity can contribute to competitive fitness and thereby affect microbial community structure. This hypothesis was tested using planktonic bacterial communities exposed to nutrient additions at 1-, 3-, 7-, or 14-day intervals. Growth rates after nutrient addition were inversely proportional to the pulse interval and declined from 0.5 h(-1) to 0.15 h(-1) as the pulse interval increased from 1 to 14 days. The dynamics of community structure were monitored by 16S rRNA gene PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. At pulse intervals of more than 1 day, the community composition continued to change over 130 days. Although replicate systems exposed to the same pulse interval were physiologically similar, their community compositions could exhibit as much dissimilarity (Dice similarity coefficients of <0.5) as did systems operated at different intervals. Bacteria were cultivated from the systems to determine if the physiological characteristics of individual members were consistent with the measured performance of the systems. The isolates fell into three bacterial divisions, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. In agreement with community results, bacteria isolated from systems pulsed every day with nutrients had higher growth rates and ectoaminopeptidase specific activities than isolates from systems pulsed every 14 days. However, the latter isolates did not survive starvation longer than those provided with nutrients every day. The present study demonstrates the dynamic nature of microbial communities exposed to even simple and regular environmental discontinuities when a substantial pool of species that can catabolize the limiting substrate is present.     

Effect of pyocyanin on a crude-oil-degrading microbial community

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an n-alkane degrader that is frequently isolated from petroleum-contaminated sites and produces factors that enhance its competitiveness and survival in many environments. In this study, one such factor, pyocyanin, has been detected in an oil-degrading culture containing P. aeruginosa and is a redox-active compound capable of inhibiting microbial growth. To examine the effects of pyocyanin further, an oil-degrading culture was grown with and without 9.5 microM pyocyanin and microbial community structure and oil degradation were monitored for 50 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of cultures revealed a decrease in the microbial community diversity in the pyocyanin-amended cultures compared to that of the unamended cultures. Two members of the microbial community in pure culture exhibited intermediate and high sensitivities to pyocyanin corresponding to intermediate and low levels of activity for the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, respectively. Another member of the community that remained constant in the DGGE gels over the 50-day culture incubation period exhibited no sensitivity to pyocyanin, corresponding to a high level of catalase and superoxide dismutase when examined in pure culture. Pyocyanin also affected the overall degradation of the crude oil. At 50 days, the culture without pyocyanin had decreased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compared to the pyocyanin-amended culture, with a specific reduction in the degradation of dibenzothiophenes, naphthalenes, and C(29) and C(30) hopanes. This study demonstrated that pyocyanin influenced the diversity of the microbial community and suggests the importance of understanding how interspecies interactions influence the degradation capability of a microbial community.     

杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化

以中国科学院会同森林生态站自然林、杉木连栽林和杉木阔叶树混交林地土壤为研究对象,采用PCR-DGGE、DNA-sequencing和主成分分析(PCA)等方法分析土壤微生物群落结构变化及其与土壤质量变化之间的关系.结果表明,该地区杉木人工林土壤中细菌优势种群为α-、β-、γ-proteobacteria和Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacterioides (CFB)类群;真菌优势种群为子囊菌(Ascomycetes)和担子菌(Basidiomycetes)亚门的种属.杉木人工林替代自然林后,土壤细菌多样性指数显著降低,且随连栽代数增加呈持续降低趋势;杉木人工林土壤中与Pedobacter cryoconitis亲缘关系密切的细菌种群消失,出现与Xanthomonas sp.和Rhodanobacter sp.亲缘关系密切的细菌种群.土壤真菌群落结构的变化与细菌相反,杉木人工林替代自然林后并不断连栽时,土壤真菌多样性指数呈现上升的趋势,自然林土壤中优势真菌种群在杉木三代林中消失.杉木与火力楠或桤木混交后土壤细菌和真菌种群结构与自然林类似.土壤细菌多样性指数与土壤总有机碳、全氮、可溶性有机碳、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及土壤pH值呈显著正相关关系(P＜0.05).土壤真菌多样性指数仅与土壤碳氮比呈显著正相关关系,而与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系.杉木林土壤质量变化对土壤细菌和真菌优势种群有较大影响,细菌Burkholderia sp.、Pedobactersp.、Xanthomonas sp.和真菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、Mycosphaerella cannabis可能是引起土壤质量变化的关键种群.     

不同类型人工湿地微生物群落的研究进展

微生物是人工湿地不可缺少的成员,对湿地生态系统中物质转化、能量流动起着重要作用.本文从人工湿地微生物群落的研究方法、微生物群落结构与组成、微生物群落调节作用与环境因素的关系等方面,综述了人工湿地微生物的研究进展.各种新颖的分子生物学方法已经成为研究人工湿地的微生物多样性的有力工具,其中最常见的是变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和寡核苷酸荧光探针原位杂交(FISH);人工湿地微生物群落的调节作用主要取决于湿地的水文条件、废水的特点(包括组成成分,污染物的特点和利用性)、湿地的过滤材料或土壤类型、植物和各种环境因素;不同人工湿地类型的微生物群落组成,从多到少依次是变形菌、噬纤维菌.黄杆菌菌群、放线菌和厚壁菌.如何进一步加深对氮循环相关微生物多样性的研究,提高废水中氮的去除效率依然是未来人工湿地技术需要解决的重要问题之一.