Determining the Fertility Status of Setaria Infecting <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnaporthe grisea</Emphasis> Isolates with Standard Testers and Identification of Tolerant Cultivar of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Setaria italica</Emphasis>

A total of 128 isolates of Setaria-infecting Magnaporthe grisea strains were obtained from different states of South India which includes sampling sites from Tamil Nadu, two from Karnataka, one from Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. Out of the selected 128 isolates 30 strains were tested with MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 fertile standard testers to determine their mating type. None of the 30 Setaria isolates produced perithecia with fertile testers. However, when monoconidial isolates were mated among themselves, isolates from the same field produced only barren perithecia and the tester isolates were able to mate readily with finger millet isolates. This is the first report of the mating-type studies on Setaria infecting Magnaporthe grisea with standard testers. This result indicates that the Setaria infecting population is infertile. In pathogenicity assay, it was found that 9 out of the 22 Setaria accessions were highly susceptible to Setaria strains of the blast fungus and seven cultivars/accessions were resistant to blast pathogen. Various virulence reactions were scored according to Standard Evaluation System.     

母女猫叫综合征患者的遗传分析

猫叫综合征患者不仅可以活到成年, 而且可有生育能力,可将缺失染色体直接传给其子女使其患同样的疾病。早产是该综合征重要临床表现之一。     

中国谷子主产区谷子近缘种狗尾草的遗传多样性

用同工酶淀粉凝胶电泳技术分析了在中国北方谷子主产区采集与收集的谷子、谷子近缘野生种青狗尾草(包括谷莠子)和金狗尾草的代表群体。分析了12种等位酶(AAT、ADH、AMP、DIA、GDH、IDH、MDH、ME、PGD、GPI、PGM、SKD)的21个等位酶位点的数据。结果表明：青狗尾草同其它以自花授粉为主的一年生植物相比表现更高的遗传变异性。AAT—3、PGD、PGM在所有供试材料中均表现单态,而在金狗尾草中缺失(沉默)IDH-l。不同地理来源的青狗尾草同谷子的亲缘关系存在一定的差异,而且青狗尾草间的遗传差异同地理区域相关。本研究结果支持把谷子和青狗尾草划为一个种的观点。     

谷子胚和胚乳的发育

合子的第一次分裂为斜的横分裂,胚发育至棒状原胚后,胚顶端一侧的细胞加速分裂形成一团分生组织细胞,由这团分生组织分化盾片、胚芽鞘、胚芽生长点和胚根。胚体的其它部分参与部分盾片和胚根鞘的构成。胚柄不参与胚的组成,胚无外胚叶,胚胎发育属禾本型。核型胚乳。从胚囊壁产生的自由生长壁把胚乳游离核隔开形成一层胚乳细胞。然后这层细胞平周分裂使胚乳细胞变成二层,以后的胚乳细胞增殖以细胞有丝分裂方式进行。胚乳的最外层     

Morphological and molecular characterization of populations of plains bristlegrass (<i>Setaria macrostachya</i> Kunth) in Chihuahua,México

Plains bristlegrass (Setaria macrostachya Kunth) is a native grass with forage value. However, due to the lack of grazing management practices, populations and thus genetic diversity, have been reduced. Morphological and genetic variability were analyzed on 44 populations of plains bristlegrass in the State of Chihuahua. Plants were transplanted in a common area under natural conditions. Two years later, morphological characterization was evaluated measuring nine variables, and genetic variability using AFLP molecular markers. The principal components analysis (PC) showed that the three first principal components explained 73.74% of the variation. The variables with the greatest contribution to the variance in PC1 were plant height and inflorescence length; in CP2, tiller number and leaf width; and in PC3, tiller thickness. Application of four pairs of primers, presented 186 total bands, from which 87.10% showed polymorphism and 12.90% monomorphism. The combination of EcoRI-AGG MseI-CAG primers detected the highest percentage (93%) of polymorphism with 40 polymorphic bands. The cluster analysis and Dice coefficient indicated that populations clump into two groups. The wide genetic variability and morphological characteristics detected among populations represent the basis for the selection of populations that could be used with different purposes in the rehabilitation of ecosystems. In addition, this study will allow establishment of in situ conservation strategies.     

Construction of RFLP-based maps of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

 An RFLP-based map consisting of 160 loci was constructed in an intervarietal cross of foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.], Longgu 25×Pagoda Flower Green. The map comprises nine linkage groups, which were aligned with the nine foxtail millet chromosomes using trisomic lines, and spans 964 cM. The intraspecific map was compared to an interspecific map, constructed in a S. italica×S. viridis cross. Both the order of the markers and the genetic distances between the loci were highly conserved. Deviations from the expected 1 : 2 : 1 Mendelian segregation ratios were observed in both the intra- and inter-specific populations. The segregation data indicate that chromosome VIII in the Longgu 25×Pagoda Flower Green cross carries a gene that strongly affects gamete fertility. Received: 18 December 1996 / Accepted: 4 August 1997     

狗尾草属野生近缘种的染色体鉴定

对来自多个国家和地区的10个种(青狗尾草S.viridis,法氏狗尾草S.faberii,轮生狗尾草S.verticillata、S.verticillifor-mis,金色狗尾草S.glauca、S.pumila、S.grisebachii、S.leucopila、S.parviflora、S.queenslandica等)50份狗尾草材料进行了染色体计数及倍性鉴定。发现狗尾草属中的青狗尾草均为二倍体,金色狗尾草S.glauca有四倍体和八倍体,轮生狗尾草S.verticillata有二倍体和四倍体,法氏狗尾草S.faberii为四倍体,S.pumila有二倍体和四倍体,S.grisebachii为二倍体,S.leucopila为二倍体,S.queenslandica为四倍体。本研究中对S.grisebachii、S.leucopila、S.queenslandica3个种是首次染色体倍性观察。发掘近缘种的有益基因是作物育种的重要途径之一,本研究搜集的谷子近缘野生种对谷子远缘杂交育种和谷子起源进化分析有重要意义。     

禾谷类作物抗倒性研究方法与谷子抗倒性评价

倒伏是植株与其生长的环境条件相互作用的结果,是禾谷类作物产量和品种的重要限制因素。诱发倒伏的自然条件不是年年发生,但发生的程度差异很大,难以在自然条件下重复评价作物的倒伏性,因而人工诱发倒伏对于作物抗倒性的评价十分重要。谷子是非常容易发生倒伏的禾谷类作物,抗倒性的强弱是决定谷子高产、稳产的关键因素之一。由于谷子抗倒性的研究相对较少,本文通过对禾谷类作物抗倒伏性研究方法和评价指标的述评,为谷子抗倒性的研究提供借鉴,并对谷子倒伏与植株和产量性状的关系、品种抗倒性评价的指标等相关研究的进展做一综述。     

Plant regeneration from shoot apex explants of foxtail millet

Green and etiolated shoot apices of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) cv. Nese 2A were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with four concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. In all treatments, embryogenic calli capable of plant regeneration were induced after ten weeks in culture. Calli induced on 2 mg l^-1 of 2,4-d from green apices gave a higher rate of plant regeneration in comparison with etiolated apices on the other treatments. Plant regeneration was obtained from one year-old cultures. Regenerated plants were successfully established in soil, reached maturity and produced seeds.Abbreviations 2,4-d 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - EC embryogenic calli - NE nonembryogenic calli - 2,4,5-T 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid     

谷子穗分化的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对复合品种冀谷１１号的穗分化进行了系统观察,比较了夏谷和春谷穗分化的异同。提出了谷子穗分化划分为穗分化前期、生长锥伸长期、枝梗分化期、小穗和刚毛分化期以及小花分化期共５个时期,就谷子刚毛起源穗分化与栽培育种的关系等问题进行了讨论。     

用gFM31探针进行谷子品种的指纹分析

用高度多态性探针ｇＦＭ３１对５９个谷子（ＳｅｔａｒｉａｉｔａｒｌｉｃａＢｅａｕｖ．）品种（包括地方品种、育成品种及品系）进行ＤＮＡ指纹分析,共鉴别出５８种类型,而黑谷和黑粒１５１６给出完全相同的带型,二者有可能是同一材料。通过对ｇＦＭ３１ＤＮＡ序列分析,未发现其中有小卫星ＤＮＡ和微卫星ＤＮＡ序列。该探针虽在谷子品种中显示很高的多态性,但与禾谷类的其他物种的ＤＮＡ杂交信号微弱,表现出较强的谷子基因组特异性。     

谷子和狗尾草核型分析

作者研究了我国谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和狗尾草的核型与Giemsa带,两者核型基本相同,均为2n=18=14m+2sm+2st(SAT)。带型亦相近,另外在谷子和狗尾草中都发现有四倍体。     

谷子窄颖花突变体sins1的表型分析和突变基因定位

利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS,ethyl methyl sulfonate)诱变剂处理野生型Yugu1(豫谷1号),在后代中发现了一个可以稳定遗传的颖花明显变窄的突变体,将其命名为sins1。与Yugu1相比,突变体sins1的株高显著降低了3.89%,穗长和穗粗分别显著降低了17.42%和21.62%,旗叶叶长和叶宽分别显著降低了15.09%和25.78%,千粒重显著降低了40.96%,谷码数显著降低了25%,均达到显著水平(P0.05)。利用突变体sins1为母本、SSR41为父本构建F_2定位群体,F_2正常颖花与窄颖花植株数目的分离比例为3∶1,表明该突变性状由隐性单基因控制。利用F_2群体隐性单株,最终将突变基因定位在3号染色体上SSR标记3-2658与CAAS3031间约7.709 Mb的距离内,为下一步精细定位提供了基础,同时也为促进禾本科作物颖花的研究提供了方向。     

Inheritance of some marker genes in Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

Summary A study on a series of genetic markers was run on five hybrids of foxtail millet, Setaria italica, and on one interspecific hybrid S. viridisxS. italica (S. viridis is the wild relative of S. italica). Seven enzymatic systems were investigated using starch gel electrophoresis (esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, acid phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, cathodic peroxidase). This genetic analysis of the 6 F2 has allowed us to define 12 polymorphic loci: Est-1, -2 and -3, Adh-1, Got-1 and -2, Acph-1, Mdh-1 and -2, Pgd-1 and -2, and Pox-1. All of them behaved like dimers, except Est-1 and Est-2 which showed monomeric structures. Two other markers were examined: waxy endosperm, which appeared to be controlled by one locus, and anthocyanic pigmentation of the collar, for which at least two loci are responsible. Studies of linkage carried out on three F2 showed two linkage groups: Mdh-1, Pox-1, Wx, Est-3, and a locus for collar colour, and Est-2, and one or two other loci of colouring.     

盐胁迫下外源ABA对谷子耐盐愈伤组织生理生化特性的影响

外源ABA可使谷子胚性愈伤组织生长减缓,使正常胚性愈伤组织在NaCl胁迫下与耐盐胚性愈伤组织的生长差异消失,脯氨酸含量在无NaCl或1％NaCl胁迫下分别提高140％和9．3％,而可溶蛋白含量均下降,并有新的SDS电泳蛋白质带（90KD）出现,过氧化物酶活性及SOD活性也均增高。     

夏谷籽粒蛋白质积累和旗叶蛋白质周转的关系

谷子灌浆期旗叶蛋白水解酶活性、籽粒和旗叶游离氨基酸含量均呈双峰曲线变化。第一峰在花后１３天;第二峰分别在２５、２８天。籽粒和旗叶游离氨基酸峰稍滞后,且后者不明显。籽粒总蛋白积累和干重增加均为Ｓ型变化,与旗叶总蛋白和可溶性蛋白变化趋势相反。花后２２─２５天上述物质和酶活变化均出现─转折。转折点之前,蛋白质合成和周转活跃;之后,由叶片蛋白酶活性升高引起的旗叶氮素撤离对籽粒蛋白质积累仍有一定贡献（约１０％）。     

谷子Si-SP1小穗突变基因的遗传分析和定位

通过EMS(Ethyl methylsulfonate,甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变豫谷1号获得一个遗传稳定的谷子小穗突变体si-sp1,该突变体突出表现为穗部变小,同时伴随有株高降低、单码小花数减少和根系变小等表现型变异。与野生型豫谷1号相比,突变体的穗长和株高分别降低了37.8%和9.0%,单穗粒重和单码小花数分别降低了40.3%和31.7%,但千粒重增加了20.2%。遗传分析表明,si-sp1突变性状由1对隐性基因控制。以si-sp1为母本、辽谷1号为父本构建的F2定位群体的隐性单株,将突变基因定位在8号染色体上CAAS8003与SSR1038间约11.02 M的距离内,为下一步精细定位并分离该基因奠定了基础。     

谷子和狗尾草核型分析

作者研究了我国谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和狗尾草的核型与Giemsa带,两者核型基本相同,均为2n=18=14m+2sm+2st(SAT)。带型亦相近,另外在谷子和狗尾草中都发现有四倍体。     

H2S与Ca^2＋协同增强谷子对Cr^6＋胁迫的耐受

继一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化碳（CO）之后,第三种气体信号分子硫化氢（H2S）对植物体生长发育和环境胁迫应答的调控正在受到越来越多的关注。钙离子（Ca2＋）是重要的第二信使,参与植物对多种胁迫的响应。该实验以谷子这种抗逆性较强的作物为材料,对其响应六价铬（Cr6＋）胁迫过程中H2S和Ca2＋45号的互作进行了研究。结果表明,Cr6＋胁迫显著激活谷子幼苗的H2s产生系统,外源H2S预处理能明显降低Cr6＋胁迫对谷子根尖细胞的损伤,而H2S的合成抑制剂羟胺（HA）预处理,使得Cr6＋对谷子的毒害增强;进一步实验发现,H2S能激活Ca2＋信号下游相关基因的表达,同时Ca＋能增强H2S的产生,表明在植物体内H2S和Ca＋信号存在复杂的联系。该研究也证明,H2S和ca2＋可以通过调节重金属离子转运蛋白增强谷子对Cr6＋的耐受。