D-核糖生产菌的选育

将枯草芽胞杆菌通过紫外线诱变得到了莽草酸缺陷突变株,在２８株突变株中有１０株积累Ｄ－核糖。这些菌株均属戊糖磷酸途径的非氧化支路缺失突变株。对这些菌株的产核糖能力进行了验证、培养基中芳香族氨基酸的浓度影响Ｄ－核糖的积累     

金属离子对枯草芽孢杆菌转酮酶缺失突变株合成D-核糖的影响

研究了金属离子Mn2 +、Fe2 +、Zn2 +对枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillussubtilis)转酮酶 (EC 2 .2 .1 .1 )缺失突变株FBL0 4 531D 核糖合成的影响。发现Mn2 +对该突变株合成D 核糖和形成芽孢具有非常显著的影响。     

枯草杆菌JSIM-1018糖代谢突变株积累D-核糖研究

从收集的Bacillus,Brevibacterum,Corynebacterium,Pseudomonas,Arthrobacter等属菌种中进行D-核糖产生菌的筛选,对其中BacillusSM-18菌株用紫外线和甲基磺酸乙酯诱变,选育到莽草酸营养缺陷型突变株JSIM-1018．发酵产物经物理、化学鉴定为D-核糖．某些有机氮源如酵母粉、玉米浆、牛肉膏、蛋白陈以及某些芳香族氨基酸对突变株积累D-核糖有促进作用。在以葡萄糖为碳源的培养液中,摇瓶发酵D-核糖最高可达929／L,3000L发酵罐中     

枯草杆菌JSIM—1018糖代谢突变株积累D—核糖研究

从收集的Bacillus,Brevibacterum,Corynebacterium,Pseudomonas,Arthrobacter等属菌种中进行D-核糖产生菌的筛选,对其中BacillusSM-18菌株用紫外线和甲基磺酸乙酯诱变,选育到莽草酸营养缺陷型突变株JSIM-1018．发酵产物经物理、化学鉴定为D-核糖．某些有机氮源如酵母粉、玉米浆、牛肉膏、蛋白陈以及某些芳香族氨基酸对突变株积累D-核糖有促进作用。在以葡萄糖为碳源的培养液中,摇瓶发酵D-核糖最高可达929／L,3000L发酵罐中试D-核糖最高可达81．759／L,平均在64g／L以上,葡萄糖基本耗尽。     

D-核糖高产菌株的选育

以肌苷产生菌B3为出发菌株,通过硫酸二乙酯,紫外线及原生质体紫外线等复合诱变处理,获得一株核糖高产积累突变株B1916,对突变株B1916遗传进行了研究,结果发现该突变株对碳水化合物的利用能力发生了变化,如对葡萄糖利用能力下降,不能利用阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖酸,丧失了解子形成能力;在培养过程中细胞形态呈链状,数字状等。     

玉米浆对转酮酶缺陷型短小芽孢杆菌菌株成链的影响

在研究D 核糖发酵过程中发现 ,培养基中玉米浆的含量直接影响着菌体的形态及D 核糖产量。在不同培养基中加入不同浓度的玉米浆 ,镜检菌株的生长情况 ,并测定发酵培养基中D 核糖的产量。研究表明 ,转酮酶缺陷是突变株在菌体生长过程中出现链状的内因 ,而玉米浆中所含的芳香族氨基酸是转酮酶缺陷型突变株在生长过程中出现链状的外因。     

通过转座诱变筛选甲基营养菌吡咯喹啉醌合成缺陷突变株

目的:对电转化等Tn5转座诱变条件进行优化,获得大量甲基营养菌MP688突变株,筛选吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)合成缺陷突变株,并对失活基因进行鉴定。方法:通过电击方法对MP688株进行Tn5转座诱变;通过检测PQQ产量,选择不产或几乎不产PQQ的突变株,用质粒拯救的方法鉴定突变基因。结果和结论:确定了MP688株电击转化的最优条件,优化了质粒拯救法鉴定突变基因的实验方案,得到了1株PQQ合成明显降低的突变株RM16,并确定了转座子在染色体上的插入位点。     

玉米弯孢叶斑病菌ATMT突变株构建及致病力分析

利用农杆菌介导的基因转化(Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,ATMT)技术,转化玉米弯孢叶斑病菌 (Curvularia lunata),共获得转化子1 454个。对其中菌落形态、生长速率等性状有显著变化的8个突变株进行分析。通过离体叶片接种进行筛选,发现4个突变株致病性降低,2个突变株致病性增强。通过测定生长速率、产孢量及细胞壁降解酶活性发现,其中致病性减弱的突变株,其产孢量均有所下降甚至不产孢,突变株的PG酶活性普遍增强,但Cx酶活性没有明显变化,而2株强致病性突变株的Cx酶活性明显增强。     

化学诱变法选育D-核糖高产菌株工艺研究

研究了以硫酸二乙酯(DES)为诱变剂,诱变生产D-核糖的转酮醇酶缺陷型枯草芽孢杆菌HG02,考察了不同诱变剂用量对菌体致死率及其生产能力的影响。得出了以DES诱变该菌株的致死率曲线及最佳的诱变条件:诱变剂用量0.8%,诱变时间15min。该诱变条件下对大量的突变株进行筛选,得到D-核糖高产菌HG03,其D核糖产量较出发菌株提高81.69%。达到5.1g/100mL。     

紫外诱变原生质体选育D-核糖生产菌株

以D-核糖产生菌枯草芽孢杆(Bacillus subtilis)B941为出发菌株,采用紫外诱变原生质体的方法,获得了4株可以在含有6．0％D-核糖的培养基上生长的D-核糖高产菌株,其摇瓶发酵产糖达55．0g／L左右。通过摇瓶发酵试验,研究了D-核糖高产菌株Buvp-24的遗传稳定性。研究结果表明,经多次传代,菌株Buvp-24的发酵产糖能力及对发酵产物D-核糖的耐受性没有改变,有望应用于工业生产中。     

复合诱变选育林肯霉素高产菌株

以林肯链霉菌9502(Streptomyces lincolnensis9502)为出发菌株,进行NTG诱变处理,并用高效的琼脂块培养法对菌株进行筛选,得到产林肯霉素相对效价提高35.4%的变异株9502-7。对9502-7菌株孢子采用紫外线处理,得到变异高产菌株9502-7-12,其相对效价较出发菌株提高50%以上。     

果胶酶高产菌株的紫外线及硫酸二乙酯的诱变育种

以HDYM-02为出发菌株,用紫外线及硫酸二乙酯进行诱变,从大量突变株中进行筛选,选育出2株产果胶酶性质稳定且酶活明显提高的突变株UV-21和DES-1,株相比其产酶期提前,前者在24h时的酶活力为出发菌株的1．6倍,后者在12h的酶活力为出发菌株的1．44倍。     

IL-1018-57-PE40高效表达、纯化及细胞活性之研究

以IL-10的功能短肽(40肽,即IL-10第18号至57号氨基酸)为导向部分与PE40(绿脓杆菌外毒素除去受体结合区后的剩余部分)融合分别构建了IL-101857PE40的胞质和胞周质表达质粒,其中,IL101857PE40在Rosettablue(DE3)中以高效胞质可溶形式表达,在BL21(DE3)pLysS中以胞周质分泌形式表达;表达宿主菌Rosettablue(DE3)超声波破碎后,依次通过硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析、铜离子亲和层析、阴离子交换层析纯化后,得96%重组毒素纯品;细胞活性实验、细胞ELISA和荧光标记实验表明,构建的IL101857PE40符合免疫毒素的作用机理。因此,该实验为PE免疫毒素的规模制备和纯化做了一定的有益的探索。     

多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株的构建及鉴定

【目的】构建多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,并验证其致病性。【方法】采用正向筛选同源重组技术构建多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,利用PCR对突变株进行鉴定,分析其遗传稳定性、生长特性和致病性。【结果】成功构建多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,连续传代20代,遗传稳定;突变株体外生长曲线表明,在前6h生长速度稍慢于亲本菌,随后两者生长速度一致。对小鼠的致病性试验表明:经腹腔注射aroA基因缺失突变株在1.0×106 CFU对小鼠无致死性,而亲本菌株在1.0×102 CFU对小鼠是致死性的。【结论】本研究获得多杀性巴氏杆菌aroA基因缺失突变株,对小鼠的致病性是减弱的。多杀性巴氏杆菌突变株的构建有助于研究其致病机理。     

低叶绿素b高产水稻突变体及其光合特性的研究

最近发现了一个在田间条件下自然产生的低叶绿素b高产水稻突变体(Oryza sativa L. cv.Zhenhui 249),该突变体主要降低了外周捕光天线复合体的含量.这种变化主要表现在叶片全展前后,到叶片发育后期则接近野生型.与以往所研究的突变体不同的是,该突变体叶绿素b含量仅适量减少,因而不影响类囊体膜的稳定性.突变体的光合机构在叶片一生中较稳定,这可能表明突变减少了光系统截获的光能,相对提高了光能的利用率,减少了O-2的产生.     

Mutations induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the lacZ and cII genes of Muta Mouse

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) found in chewing tobacco, snuff, cigarettes, and cigars is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine and classified as a possible human carcinogen (Class 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). NNK given intraperitoneally was seen to induce lung and liver adenomas. To evaluate the genotoxicity of NNK in vivo, NNK was intraperitoneally administered to Muta Mouse at two concentrations (125 and 250 mg/kg, once a week for 4 weeks) followed by the measurement of mutant frequencies in the lacZ and cII genes from lung and liver in the same mice. Characterization of the types of the mutation was determined by sequencing the cII genes from mutant plaques. The mutant frequencies in both target genes from both organs dose-dependently increased up to 10 times compared to those of the control group. For the types of mutations, the ratio of the G:C to A:T mutation in the total number of mutants was less than the ratio of A:T to T:A and A:T to C:G transversion, contrary to a previous report. The A:T to T:A transversion was the most highly induced mutation both in the lung and liver cII genes. The increasing rate of mutant frequencies in lung and liver over the vehicle control was 55 and 56 times, respectively, while the increasing rate of G:C to A:T transition was only 1.9 and 2.8 times, respectively. These observations show that NNK predominantly induces DNA adducts leading to A:T to T:A and/or A:T to C:G mutations in the transgene.     

A lac promoter with a changed distance between -10 and -35 regions.

A lac promotor mutant was constructed by filling in the protruding ends of the HpaII site located within the lac promotor. The mutation, named M42, is a two base pair insertion that changes the distance between the -10 and -35 regions from 18 to 20 residues. The activity of the mutant promotor measured in vivo is 15% of the wild-type promotor. The M42 promotor is sensitive to the catabolite repression in the manner similar to that of the wild type. Sequences of several deletions within the lac promotor are also given.     

Amyloplasts and Starch Characterization in High Lysine Barley Mutant

Starch granules of Notch-2 high lysine barley mutant are small, irregular in shape and show a virtual loss of birefringence and a higher gelatinization temperature, compared to parent NP-113. Starch polymer of Notch-2 is qualitatively different from parent, as evidenced by X-ray diffractograms. There is a higher incidence of V-pattern at early development as also at maturity in mutant as compared to parent. Intensities corresponding to B-pattern are present at early development in both parent and mutant. B-pattern persists at maturity in mutant, while it is replaced by A-pattern in parent. Amyloplasts of mutant are modified in contrast to normal, oblong amyloplasts of parent. Modified amyloplasts show loss of grana, increased granulation and lipid droplets. Extensive lipid complexing with starch polymers in mutant is indicated and possible commercial and nutritional potentials speculated.     

The role of a 14-3-3 protein in stomatal opening mediated by PHOT2 in Arabidopsis

The 14-3-3 λ isoform is required for normal stomatal opening mediated by PHOT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis phototropin2 (PHOT2) interacts with the λ-isoform 14-3-3 protein both in yeast two-hybrid screening and in an in vitro pull-down assay. Further yeast two-hybrid analysis also showed that the PHOT2 C-terminal kinase domain was required for the interaction. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that PHOT2 Ser-747 is essential for the yeast interaction. Phenotypic characterization of a loss-of-function 14-3-3 λ mutant in a phot1 mutant background showed that the 14-3-3 λ protein was necessary for normal PHOT2-mediated blue light-induced stomatal opening. PHOT2 Ser-747 was necessary for complementation of the blue light-activated stomatal response in a phot1 phot2 double mutant. The 14-3-3 λ mutant in the phot1 mutant background allowed normal phototropism and normal chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses. It also showed normal stomatal opening mediated by PHOT1 in a phot2 mutant background. The 14-3-3 κ mutant had no effect on stomatal opening in response to blue light. Although the 14-3-3 λ mutant had no chloroplast movement phenotype, the 14-3-3 κ mutation caused a weaker avoidance response at an intermediate blue light intensity by altering the balance between the avoidance and accumulation responses. The results highlight the strict specificity of phototropin-mediated signal transduction pathways.     

复合诱变法选育香兰素高转化率菌株

通过紫外线照射和He-Ne激光修复对香兰素生产菌链霉菌Streptomyces sp.L1936进行复合诱变,得到香兰素高产菌株Streptomyces sp.L1936-8。结果表明:出发菌株经过诱变处理后,脱乙酰酶酶活提高了75%,香兰素氧化酶酶活降低了37.5%,香兰素产量提高了33%。