小麦花粉特异性表达的cDNA的分离及表达特性

应用抑制差示杂交和5′/3′RACE PCR方法分离了小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)花粉特异性表达的全长cDNA(TaPSG719,GenBank:AY451238)),该基因全长1172 bp,5′非编码区序列长达329 bp,包含多个上游可译框架(uORF);该基因编码188个氨基酸的蛋白质,大小约20 kD,等电点为12.1。Northern杂交和RT-PCR分析表明该基因在成熟花粉特异表达,而在小孢子、叶片、根和未成熟的种子、幼茎和子房等组织几乎检测不到。进一步研究小麦花粉发育过程的表达水平表明,TaPSG719在单核和双核小孢子阶段不表达,在开花前5d(已完成有丝分裂)开始表达并迅速增强达到高峰,但随着花粉的成熟表达水平逐渐下降。表明TaPSG719是一个花粉中晚期特异性表达基因。经BLAST同源性分析表明,与目前已登录的基因没有显著的同源性。Southern杂交表明TaPSG719可能为一个多拷贝基因。为研究TaPSG719 cDNA 5′非编码区序列的uORF对可译框架的翻译的影响,构建不同缺失或突变的表达载体,采用麦胚体外翻译系统,结果显示含uORF的5′非编码区序列能显著抑制蛋白质的翻译水平,表明TaPSG719基因表达至少部分是在翻译水平上调控。     

小麦花粉特异性表达的cDNA的分离及表达特性

应用抑制差示杂交和5′/3′RACE PCR方法分离了小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)花粉特异性表达的全长cDNA(TaPSG719,GenBank:AY451238)),该基因全长1 172 bp,5′非编码区序列长达329 bp,包含多个上游可译框架(uORF);该基因编码1 88个氨基酸的蛋白质,大小约20 kD,等电点为12.1.Northern杂交和RT-PCR分析表明该基因在成熟花粉特异表达,而在小孢子、叶片、根和未成熟的种子、幼茎和子房等组织几乎检测不到.进一步研究小麦花粉发育过程的表达水平表明,TaPSG719在单核和双核小孢子阶段不表达,在开花前5 d(已完成有丝分裂)开始表达并迅速增强达到高峰,但随着花粉的成熟表达水平逐渐下降.表明TaPSG719是一个花粉中晚期特异性表达基因.经BLAST同源性分析表明,与目前已登录的基因没有显著的同源性.Southern杂交表明TaPSG719可能为一个多拷贝基因.为研究TaPSG719 cDNA 5′非编码区序列的uORF对可译框架的翻译的影响,构建不同缺失或突变的表达载体,采用麦胚体外翻译系统,结果显示含uORF的5′非编码区序列能显著抑制蛋白质的翻译水平,表明TaPSG719基因表达至少部分是在翻译水平上调控.     

玉米花粉特异的非编码RNA基因ZM401 cDNA全长的克隆及其发育表达模式

通过差异筛选法并结合冷噬菌斑筛选,从玉米(Zea mays L.)成熟花粉cDNA文库中克隆到一个玉米花粉特异表达的cDNA片段ZM401(663bp).Northern杂交表明ZM401是一个玉米花粉特异表达的基因.本文采用5'RACE,3'RACE及重叠PCR技术获得了ZM401 cDNA的全长(1 149 bp).采用生物学软件对ZM401 cDNA的序列和结构进行分析,结果表明,该基因缺乏明显的开放阅读框架,序列中最长的开放阅读框架仅有89个氨基酸,但具有poly(A)尾部结构,符合非编码RNA基因的特点.推断ZM401基因是一个非编码基因.RT-PCR及Northern blot分析表明ZM401基因从玉米花粉小孢子四分体时期、单核期、双核期、成熟花粉开始表达,而且表达量依次增强,证明ZM401可能与玉米花粉的晚期发育过程相关.同时,Northern杂交显示ZM401基因在玉米花粉发育中有两种转录本存在.     

水稻精细胞基因RSSG58的分子克隆和表达

以水稻（Oryza sativa L.)精细胞与二细胞花粉的差减文库中得到的在精细胞中优势表达的克隆作为探针,筛选水稻精细胞cDNA文库,得到对应的两个全长cDNA克隆。序列分析表明两个全长cDNA阳性克隆长度分别为2278bp和2437bp,共同拥有一个由579个氨基酸组成的开放读码框。分子量为66.7kD。等电点为4.885。在Gen-Bank中比较显示与拟南芥的肌球重链蛋白有一定的同源性（46%）,并具有肌球蛋白特色的结构域,资料显示肌球蛋白在高等植物生殖发育过程中起着重要作用。Southern杂交结果表明此基因在水稻基因组中以单拷贝形式存在,Northern杂交结果显示RSSG58基因在水稻精细胞中表达量很高,在其他组织和细胞中未检测到表达,同时还表明在精细胞中存在两类大小不同的转录本。用更为灵敏的RT-PCR方法进行检测分析表明此基因在叶,花粉母细胞期幼穗,单细胞花粉,二细胞花粉,成熟花粉,授粉子房和精细胞中均有表达,但在精细胞中表达量远远高于其他组织细胞,证明此基因是在水稻精细胞中优势表达的。     

Characterization of a Novel Pollen-Specific Promoter from Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

PSG076 is a pollen-specific gene isolated from wheat. The 1.4-kb promoter upstream of the ATG start codon was isolated by inverse-PCR (IPCR). To determine its activity, the PSG076 promoter was fused with the ??-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and introduced into tobacco. Histochemical analysis in transgenic tobacco showed that GUS activity was detected in late bicellular pollen grains and increased rapidly in mature pollen. GUS activity was also detected in pollen tubes of transgenic tobacco. No GUS activity was found in other floral and vegetable tissues. These results indicate that the PSG076 promoter directs pollen-specific activity at late stages of pollen development and pollen tube growth. Deletion analysis showed that a 0.4?kb fragment of the promoter was enough to confer pollen-specific expression.     

Isolation and sequencing of mouse angiogenin DNA

The mouse genomic DNA for angiogenin, a potent blood vessel inducing protein, has been isolated from a bacteriophage library using the human angiogenin gene as a probe. The 1129 bp fragment contains 499 bp in the 5' flanking region, 192 bp in the 3' flanking region, and 438 bp coding for the mature protein (121 amino acids) and signal peptide (24 amino acids). Potential TATA box and AATAAA polyadenylation sequences are present, and a consensus sequence for an intron 3' boundary occurs 16 bp upstream of the Met-(24) codon, suggesting the presence of an intron in the 5' region. The protein sequence inferred from the DNA is 76% identical to that of human angiogenin, and matches the sequences obtained previously from tryptic peptides of a serum-derived mouse angiogenin. The critical catalytic residues of human angiogenin are conserved in the mouse protein, as are the six cysteines necessary for disulfide bond formation.     

辣椒雄性不育系葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及表达分析

为了深入研究辣椒雄性不育与能量代谢之间的关系,该研究以辣椒近缘物种番茄的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因(G6PDH)同源序列为基础,采用电子克隆的方法克隆出辣椒CaG6PDH基因。利用荧光定量PCR技术,对辣椒雄性不育系9704A与其保持系9704B花蕾发育的不同阶段,以及保持系9704B不同组织(茎、叶、花、果皮、胎座、种子)中CaG6PDH基因进行表达分析。结果表明:两系中获得的CaG6PDH基因的编码序列一致,全长1 533bp,编码510个氨基酸残基;辣椒CaG6PDH基因在保持系不同组织中表达量存在差异,胎座中表达量最高,茎中表达量最低;辣椒CaG6PDH基因的表达量在花蕾发育的不同阶段雄性不育系均高于保持系,此种差异在小孢子发育的单核期与成熟期尤为明显,这种差异可能使雄性不育系能量代谢供应出现异常,从而影响小孢子的正常发育而导致雄性败育。     

Unequal distribution of ubiquitinated proteins during Pinus bungeana pollen development

The production of gametogenesis is a charming and complicated event in higher plants, during that stage the protein population undergoes substantial alterations. But few attentions have been paid to the possible roles of the UPP in gymnosperm gametogenesis. In the present study, DNA-specific probe 4′,6-dimidino-phenylindole was employed to assess Pinus bungeana pollen developmental stage. It was revealed that the division of pollen mother cell occurred in late April. The uninucleate microspore then underwent three asymmetric divisions, forming a mature pollen grain including a tube cell and a generative cell together with two degenerated prothallial cells in early May. Immunofluorescence labeling of ubiquitinated proteins (UbPs) with an anti-ubiquitin antibody indicated that fluorescence signal was detected in both cytosol and nuclear of the microspore at the uninucleate stage. In the two-cell pollen grain, a brighter fluorescence was always detected in the first prothallial when compared with that in central cell. Similarly, unequal distribution of UbPs was observed again during the division of the central cell into the antheridial initial and the second prothallial cell. The high intensity of the fluorescence in the two degenerated prothallial cells remained in the mature pollen grain, but only a faint signal could be detected in the tube cell or the generative cell deriving from the division of the antheridial initial. The unequal distribution of UbPs was further unveiled by immunogold labeling among prothallial cells, generative cells and tube cells in mature pollen grains. Besides, Coomassie brilliant blue cytochemistry was also performed to illustrate the general subcellular distribution of total proteins in the two-cell and matured pollen grains. All these results indicated that the prothallial cells have high ratio of UbPs, and that the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis might have an important role during pine pollen development.