准噶尔盆地北缘中中新世啮齿类

本文记述了新疆准噶尔盆地北缘,乌伦古河沿岸哈拉玛盖组中中新世动物群中的啮齿类,共三属四种.其中, Sinomylagaulus halamagaiensis gen. et sp. nov., Atlantoxerus junggarensis sp. nov. 和 A. giganteus sp. nov. 分别是 Mylagaulidae (圆齿鼠科)和 Atlantoxerus (阿特拉地松鼠)在我国的首次记录. Amblycastor tungurensis 的存在表明该动物群的时代大致为通古尔期,与欧洲陆生哺乳动物分期 MN 7-8 (Astaracian) 相当.     

新疆阿尔泰地区中中新世肉食类动物

新疆阿尔泰地区中中新世“哈拉玛盖”层中产丰富的古哺乳动物。本文介绍的是其中的肉食类标本。共两种动物。     

准噶尔盆地北缘哈拉玛盖组中的Anchitherium

发现于新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中新世哈拉玛盖组中的安琪马过去都被归入Anchitheriumaurelianense种。近年来在该地区新发现的Anchitherium的材料表明新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中新世哈拉玛盖组中的安琪马具有Anchitheriumgobiense的特征:上臼齿的原小尖弱但可辨认,次附尖较发育并与后部齿带共同封闭成一三角形窝,前齿带发育但内齿带弱;下颊齿相对较宽,下颊齿齿叶呈V形,外端显得较为尖锐;下臼齿列由前向后明显变窄;距骨较高窄。这些特征均与内蒙古通古尔的AnchitheriumgobienseColbert,1939一致,而与欧洲的A.a.aurelianense、A.a.steinheimense及A.a.hippoides者不同。因此哈拉玛盖组中的安琪马应归属Anchitheriumgobiense。我国湖北房县的安琪马也应是A.gobiense种。A.gobiense的前臼齿列的宽度由后向前,尤其是臼齿列的宽度由前向后减小的程度,大于欧洲的A.aurelianense种,这一特征与下颊齿相对较宽、齿叶外端较尖锐、上颊齿的内齿带弱等特征一起组成了中国Anchitherium支系的特征。中国的三趾马化石层位中的大型安琪马Sinohippuszitteli具有明显不同于欧洲安琪马类的特征:1)齿冠很大,上颊齿外脊的外壁呈宽V形;2)其前臼齿列及臼齿列的宽度分别向前和向后明显变小,特别是下前臼齿列向前变窄的程度远超过安琪马属。因此应保留Sinohippus属,Sinohippuszitteli是亚洲大陆上特有的安琪马支系的晚期代表。     

中国环并盾蚧属一新种 (同翅目:盾蚧科)

据冈木村夫博士和汤(衤方)德教授1982年报导,环并盾蚧类(Quernaspis Group)包括三属七种,其中环并盾蚧属(Quernaspis)三种,分布在北美;新环并盾蚧属(Neoquernaspis)三种,产于东亚,其中两种分布在中国,一种分布在尼泊尔;中华环并盾蚧属(Sinoqu-ernaspis)一种,分布在中国。本文记述的新种属于新环并盾蚧属。钩新环并盾蚧Neoquernaspis unciformis,新种     

革蜱未成熟期哈氏器的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜观察了革蜱属8种幼虫和若虫的哈氏器,并与其他属5种幼虫和4种若虫的哈氏器进行比较,以阐明其形态特征及其在分类中的意义。其中,9种幼虫和8种若虫哈氏器的结构是首次报道。革蜱属幼期哈氏器的囊孔形状、前窝感毛数目及其中孔毛的位置等与其他属不同。东洋区的金泽革蜱与古北区的革蜱种类之间,在孔毛形状、位置和幼虫近端缝孔的位置上有明显差别。而后者中,阿坝革蜱幼虫一般无近端缝孔;网纹革蜱幼虫和若虫的囊孔形状和幼虫的近端缝孔的位置与其他种类不同。但其余几种革蜱幼虫和若虫的哈氏器无显著差别。     

七种犁头尖属(Typhonium Schott)植物和两个近缘属等位酶的研究

用凝胶电泳法分析了七种犁头尖属植物和两个近缘属三个种的6种酶系统,检测了7个等位酶位点,利用软件BIOSIS-2进行遗传相似性的聚类分析,绘出树状分支图,将七种犁头尖属植物分为三个组,同时澄清了犁头尖属、斑龙芋属和半夏属之间的近缘性,即犁头尖属与斑龙芋属比与半夏属有较近的亲缘关系。     

新疆准噶尔盆地北缘第三纪地层古生物研究新进展

近两年对准噶尔盆地北缘第三纪地层进行了进一步调查和研究,在索索泉组和哈拉玛盖组内发现了新的化石层位。对新发现的哺乳动物的研究表明在勒布勒津地区索索泉组顶部的沉积物时代为中中新世,下部的沉积物时代不晚于晚渐新世,中新世与渐新世地层的界线应在索索泉组内寻找。新发现的动物群分子Cricetodonsp．nov．和Tachyoryctoidessp．nov.指示哈拉玛盖动物群的时代应重新考虑,有可能早于丁家二沟动物群。     

新疆塔里木盆地北部晚奥陶世中期介形类

本文记述的介形类化石采自塔里木盆地北部柯坪地区大湾沟剖面坎岭组,共计8属14种。其中包括2新种和3未定种。Thrallella.Octonaria,Predarwinula三属为本介形类组合最为重要且最具特色的分子。据此推测,坎岭组时代为晚奥陶世中期(Caradocian)。     

云南宁蒗大槽子泥盆纪介形类—速足目类

本文报道云南宁蒗大槽子泥盆系大槽子组和碳山坪组介形类１２属２５种,包括８新种。其中含速足目类１０属２３种,另含圆足目类２属２种。速足目类１０属的１２已知种和６新种以及圆足目类２属的２新种,在本文中作了描述和图解。     

新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中中新世早期的原圆齿鼠(Promylagaulinae,Mylagaulidae)(英文)

<正>1988年吴文裕描述了产自新疆准噶尔盆地北缘铁尔斯哈巴合地点哈拉玛盖组下部层位的一枚圆齿鼠的P4,定名为Sinomylagaulus halamagaiensis。1997年中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所新疆考察队又在铁尔斯哈巴合的哈拉玛盖组下部层位中采集到两枚p4。1988年的研究工作仅依据一枚上前臼齿(P4),标本的稀缺决定了当时研究成果的局限性。新材料无疑为认识新疆的圆齿鼠类提供了新的信息     

THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF MIDDLE MIOCENE RODENTS FROM THE NORTHERN JUNGGAR BASIN, CHINA

<正> During the field season of 1982 in Northern Junggar Basin, surface collecting by the field party of IVPP at the outcrops of Halamagai Formation provided 7 isolated cheek teeth of rodents associated with some macromammals typical of middle Miocene age: Platybelodon, Stephanocemas thomsoni, Lagomeryx sp., etc.It is the first time that the Miocene rodents are discovered in this region. They belong to 3 genera, 4 species:Sinomylagaulus halamagaiensis gen. et sp. nov.Atlantoxerus junggarensis sp. nov.A. giganteus sp. nov.Amblycastor tungurensis Stirton, 1934Many thanks are due to Drs. V. Fahlbusch, N. Schmidt-Kittler, P. Mein and N. S. Shevyreva for their sending me the comparative materials, reprints and profitable discussion. The colleagues of IVPP field party put in a lot of hard work to collect this material. Mr. Shen Wenlong made the textfigures. To all these persons the author wants to express her heartfelt gratitudes.All the specimens herein described are stored in the collections of IVPP.     

MASTODONT REMAINS FROM THE MIOCENE OF JUNGGAR BASIN IN XINJIANG

<正> The mastodont materials described in the present paper, associated with Amblycastor tunggurensis, Amphicyon sp., Anchitherium cf. aurelianense, Brachypotherium sp., ?Chilotherium sp., Stephanocemas thomsoni, Dicrocerus grangeri, Eotragus sp., Oioceros grangeri and O. noverca, were collected from the Haramagai formation of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang by an IVPP field team in 1982. The geology of the area has already been reported by Tong (1986, 1987). The mastodont fossils found at 5 sites on the north and west banks of the Ulungur river, Junggar Basin are abundant. They comprise 5 species, among which is one new species.The author is greatly indebted to the IVPP field team (Tong, Y., the head of the 1982 Junggar field team) allocating the mastodont materials for me to study.     

关于柄杯鹿亚科(Lagomerycinae)的系统位置

柄杯鹿亚科的系统位置争论已久。争论的焦点是它们属于鹿科中的亚科还是麒麟鹿超科。经过对头骨和头后骨骼形态特点的研究和用扫描电镜检查角的结构显出柄杯鹿具有原始的角,而这种原始的角与后期鹿类的角柄同源。因此认为柄杯鹿科是鹿类中独立的一分支。     

Les Lagomerycidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de FranceThe French Lagomerycidae (Cervoidea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

The Lagomerycidae, a small family of the Cervoidea, is known in France by the genera Lagomeryx, Ligeromeryx and Stephanocemas. Lagomeryx contains three species, the other two genera one species only. This family is known from MN3 to MN5.     

宁夏同心中中新世三种植食性哺乳动物牙齿碳同位素分析

宁夏同心中中新世Platybelodondanovicheni,Amebelodontobieni和Stephanocemasthomsoni化石牙齿的δ1 3C值为 - 8.7‰～ - 1 0 .3‰ ,说明这些动物可能以δ1 3C值为 - 2 0 .7‰～ - 2 5 .3‰的C3植物作为主要食物来源。根据齿冠高低与取食嫩叶或硬草的关系 ,这三种动物的低冠齿所指示的食性支持了牙齿釉质的碳稳定同位素所指示的食性。     

Origination of antlerogenesis

Antlers are unique appendages. They are shed and rebuilt at intervals, and are synapomorphic for all living Cervidae (except for the Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis , in which they have presumably been lost). The antlerogenic process is controlled by a complex interaction of fluctuating levels of several hormones, most importantly testosterone. The oldest antler remains are recorded from the early Miocene; these have been interpreted as non‐deciduous appendages because of supposed permanent skin coverage and the lack of a burr (a well‐developed osseous protuberance around the base of the antler, which is always present in extant cervids). The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that antler shedding was possible in these early Miocene cervids. Antlers of all extant and eight Miocene cervid genera, including burr‐less antler fragments of the earliest cervids Procervulus , Ligeromeryx , and Lagomeryx were studied. An extensive comparative morphological analysis of external features of the antler, and of the abscission area and the base of the antler in particular, was undertaken. The results indicate that a regular, porous, and rugose abscission surface at the proximal end of the antler indicates antler shedding in both living and fossil cervids. The antler shedding mechanism must therefore have already been present in all early/mid Miocene cervid genera included in this study. On this basis, it is suggested that the presence of a burr is not prerequisite in order to shed antlers, that the presence of perpetual antlers has not yet been verified, and that the process of shedding and regeneration developed with the first appearance of these organs. This insight is particularly important for the systematic classification of early Miocene species as Cervidae, because the absence of the antler shedding and rebuilding mechanism would exclude them from the taxon Cervidae and from any relationship with extant cervids. J. Morphol. 278:182–202, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.     

A new species of crown‐antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla,Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin,northern Tibetan Plateau,China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Stephanocemas Colbert, 1939 is one of the earliest groups of deer (Cervidae) that shows indications of shedding their antlers, and as such, occupies a special position in the transition from nondeciduous to deciduous antlers in the evolution of cervids. Despite this basal position in cervid phylogeny, however, it has a highly peculiar, palmate antler morphology that is easily recognized in the fossil records of the early to middle Miocene of Eurasia. A new species, Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. , is described based on three partial antlers ranging from juvenile to full adult individuals, recently collected from the late middle Miocene Lower Youshashan Formation in the Qaidam Basin of northern Tibetan Plateau. Another indeterminate species (Stephanocemas sp.) of much smaller size and primitive characteristics is described from more fragmentary materials in strata lower than the level of S. palmatus but still middle Miocene in age. To the extent that it was possible, we also attempted to place into modern stratigraphical context historical collections of Stephanocemas from Qinghai Province that were obtained during the Sino‐Swedish Expeditions in the 1930s. These materials were described by Birger Bohlin in 1937 but their stratigraphical context has been in question ever since. A species‐level phylogeny suggests that S. palmatus is the most derived among known species, with its large size, great expansion of the palm part of the antler, and horizontally radiating tines. We recognize a Paradicrocerus clade that includes P. flerovi Gabuniya, 1959, P. elegantulus (Roger, 1898), and P. brevistephanos (Baschanov & Nurumov, 1955); the latter two were traditionally regarded as belonging to Stephanocemas. As a result, the Paradicrocerus clade is largely European and western Asian, whereas the restricted Stephanocemas is now Asiatic in geographical distribution. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 156 , 680–695.     

山东山旺Palaeomeryx化石的初步研究

Palaeomeryx 在含义、性质和分类位置上,一直是一个争论较多的属.最近在山旺发现的 Palaeomeryx 完整骨架,为解决上述问题提供了有价值的资料和证据. Palaeomeryx 雄性具有一对眶上"皮骨角"和单一的"枕顶角".根据共近裔性状的分析,本文作者认为 Palaeomeryx 应该归入长颈鹿,作为这一支中最早分出的一个旁支.长颈鹿和鹿科有较近的亲缘关系,而和牛科的关系较远. Palaeomeryx 大概位于 Blastomeryx 和 Leptomeryx 之间,从反刍类主干中分出.山旺的材料,代表本属中一个较原始的新种: Palaeomeryx tricornis. 它的时代,可能相当于欧洲的 MN4 或 MN5.