马铃薯卷叶病毒基因间隔区的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的马铃薯卷叶病毒基因组序列．设计合成一对特异性引物,以马铃薯卷叶病毒中国分离株（ＰＬＲＶ－Ｃｈ）的ＲＮＡ为模板,反转录合成ｃＤＮＡ第一条链,经ＰＣＲ扩增后克隆于ｐＵＣ１９质粒中,进一步用ＰＣＲ鉴定、限制酶切分析和序列分析,结果表明：ＰＬＲＶ－Ｃｈ基因间隔区由１９７个核苷酸组成,与国外报道的荷兰ＰＬＲＶ－Ｎ加拿大ＰＬＲＶ－Ｃ,澳大利亚ＰＬＲＶ－Ａ,苏格兰ＰＬＲＶ－Ｓ各株系核苷酸序列具有很高的同源性,同源率依次为９９％、９８％、９３％、９８％。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒56kD蛋白基因及3‘端非编码区克隆和序列分析

根据已报道的马铃薯卷叶病毒基因组序列,设计合成一对特异性引物,以马铃薯卷叶病毒中国分离株的ＲＮＡ为模板,反转录合成了ｃＤＮＡ第一条链,经ＰＣＲ扩增后克隆于ｐＵＣ１９质粒中,进一步用ＰＣＲ鉴定,限制酶切分析用序列分析。结果表明,ＰＬＲＶ－Ｃｈ５６ｋＤ蛋白基因由１５２７个核苷酸组成,编码５０８个氨基酸,３‘端非编码区由１４１个核苷酸组成,与国外报道的苏格兰ＰＬＲＶ－Ｓ,荷兰ＰＬＲＶ－Ｎ,加拿大ＰＬＲＶ     

人分裂细胞核抗原基因片段的筛选、测序及对启动子的分析

经６．６×１０５个克隆筛选,从装在λ噬菌体载体Ｃｈａｒｏｎ３０中的人基因库中筛选到了一个含人分裂细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）基因的克隆。经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析插入基因长约１４ｋｂ,有较长的５＇上游区,但３＇端缺少一部分。经亚克隆和测序已确定从５＇上游１２６３ｂｐ到３＇端与λ载体接点共４９６９ｂｐＰＣＮＡ基因片段的核苷酸序列。将ＰＣＮＡ基因启动子核苷酸序列与ＤＮＡ聚合酶α,拓扑异构酶Ⅱα,胸苷酸激酶基因的启动子进行比较有３０％以上同源性,具有“看家基因”特征。在转录起始点的５＇上游几百ｂｐ的范围内都有与ＣＡＴ,ＳＰ１,Ｅ２Ｆ,ＮＦＨＢ,Ｏｃｔ１和ＡＴＦ等转录因子的结合位点相似的核苷酸序列。     

同型HCV不同分离株NS5区基因片段的比较分析

对同一地区两例输血后丙型肝炎进行ＰＣＲ分型,结果为Ⅱ型。分别将其ＮＳ５区基因部分片段克隆到ｐＵＣ１８和Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８中,序列分析结果表明在ＮＳ５区基因相同区段,二者的核苷酸同源性为８９．０４％,氨基酸同源性为９０．７５％。而且在分离株Ｖ中第７０～７２位发现阅读框内终止密码子ＴＧＡ。与Ⅱ型代表株ＨＣＶＢＫ序列相比,相同区段的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为：９１．５％,９１．９２％和９１．９１％,９１．９１％。对比分析表明,在同一地区基因型相同的不同分离株间ＮＳ５区基因仍存在较大变异,分离株Ｖ可能为缺陷性病毒     

水稻条叶枯病毒基因组组分3的克隆与序列分析

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,合成并扩增了水稻条叶枯病毒（ＲＳｔＶ）中国云南分离 物基因组组分３的全长ｃＤＮＡ。将ＰＣＲ产物克隆在载体ｐＣＲⅡ上,进行全序列测定。将所得核苷酸序列及其所推导的氨基酸序列与日本分离物Ｔ进行同源性比较,结果表明,在核苷酸水平上,两分离物的５’端非编码区序列相同,ｖＯＲＦ、ｖｃＯＲＦ及基因间非编码区序列的同源性分别为９７．６％、９６．８％及８７．６％,而３’端非编码区同源性为９８     

同型HCV不同分离株NS5基因片段的比较分析

对同一地区两例输血后丙型肝炎进行ＰＣＲ分型,结果为Ⅱ型。分别将其ＮＳ５区基因部分片段克隆到ｐＵＣ１８和Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８中,序列分析结果表明在ＮＳ５区基因相同区段,二者的核苷酸同源性为８９．０４％,氨基酸同源性为９０．７５％。而且在分离株Ｖ中第７０￣７２位发现阅读框内终止密码子ＴＧＡ。与Ⅱ型代表株ＨＣＶ ＢＫ序列相比,相同区段的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为：９１．５％,９１．９２％和９１．９１％,９１．     

Ⅲ型中国株HCVE2/NS1基因与已知分离株的同源性比较

利用逆转录套式ＰＣＲ扩增Ⅲ型中国株ＨＣＶＥ２／ＮＳ１基因片段,将其克隆到ｐｃＤＮＡ３载体上．采用双脱氧链终止法测定插入片段的核苷酸序列．并与已知分离株的相应区域进行同源性比较．首次克隆出Ⅲ型中国株ＨＣＶＥ２／ＮＳ１基因（ＨＣ－Ｗ１４）,其核苷酸序列与Ⅲ型日本株ＨＣＶ（ＨＣ－Ｊ６）该区域同源性为８８．３７％,其推定的氨基酸同源性为８９．２９％．而与已知的非Ⅲ型株ＨＣＶ该区域相比,核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性均相对较低．Ⅲ型中国株ＨＣＶ与Ⅱ型中国株ＨＣＶ在Ｅ２／ＮＳ１区域有较大的变异,揭示研制我国的ＨＣＶ疫苗应该考虑这种基因型之间的变异性．     

中国河南两株庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）NS5区部分cDNA的克隆与序列分析

通过逆转录－聚合酶链反应从我国河南省２例重叠感染ＨＣＶ或ＨＢＶ／ＨＤＶ的献血啼中,分离到ＨＢＶＮＳ５区的部分ｃＤＮＡ,对其进行序列分析比较,结果表明,河南株ＨＧＶＮＳ５工核苷酸与两中国ＨＧＶ主同源性高于国外代表株（８８．５－９０．６％）,但由核苷酸推导的氨基酸的同源性都无明显的地区性区别。ＨＧＶＮＳ５区氨基酸序列较保守,缺乏明显高变区,中国４株ＨＧＶ在７３８４位发生了由Ｃ→Ｔ的变异,从而导致一个人     

HGV广东株和香港株NS5区部分基因的克隆及序列分析

采用ＨＧＶＮＳ５特异的２对引物,对两个香港株和一个广东株ＨＧＶＲＮＡ进行逆转录套式ＰＣＲ扩增,ＰＣＲ产物克隆入ｐＵＣ１９,重组质粒转化ＤＨ５α和ＪＭ１０９菌株。ＰＣＲ和酶切法鉴定阳性克隆,双脱氧链末端终止法测定核苷酸序列并进行同源性分析。结果发现核苷酸变异呈散在分布,三株间核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为９３．３％～９４％及９７％～９９．２％,与已报道的中国株（ＣＮ）相比,则同源性分别为９０％～９１．２％和９４％～９６．３％,与美国株（ＰＮＦ２１６１及Ｒ１０２９１）相比,为８７．１％～８９．５％和９５．２％～９７％,而与西非株（ＧＢＶＣ）相比,则达９１．４％～９３．８％和９７％～９７．９％。提示ＨＧＶＮＳ５区核苷酸和氨基酸序列相对保守,不同ＨＧＶ株存在一定的地区差异。     

家蚕核型多角体病毒中国株和日本株vp39基因的比较研究

以苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的核衣壳蛋白基因ｖｐ３９设计引物,用ＰＣＲ技术扩增了家蚕核型多角体病毒中国株（ＢｍＮＰＶ－Ｃｈ）－１．３ｋｂ片段并测定了其全序列长１２３０ｂｐ。推导的氨基酸３５１个,其与ＢｍＮＰＶ日本株（ＢｍＮＰＶ－Ｊａ）ｖｐ３９基因核苷酸序列同源性达９７．５％,氨基酸同源性达９７．１％。该片段在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１中诱导表达能产生分子量约为３８ｋＤ的特征性蛋白带,证明所扩增片段为Ｂｍ     

RNA干扰

RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)是一种古老的生物抗病毒机制,能介导序列特异性的mRNA降解,是基因功能研究和蛋白组学的有效工具,在药物靶基因的筛选、抗病毒、肿瘤基因治疗等领域有很好的发展前景。     

The roles of plant dsRNA-binding proteins in RNAi-like pathways

Dicers are associated with double-stranded RNA-binding proteins (dsRBPs) in animals. In the plant, Arabidopsis, there are four dicer-like (DCL) proteins and five potential dsRBPs. These DCLs act redundantly and hierarchically. However, we show there is little or no redundancy or hierarchy amongst the DRBs in their DCL interactions. DCL1 operates exclusively with DRB1 to produce micro (mi)RNAs, DCL4 operates exclusively with DRB4 to produce trans-acting (ta) siRNAs and 21nt siRNAs from viral RNA. DCL2 and DCL3 produce viral siRNAs without requiring assistance from any dsRBP. DRB2, DRB3 and DRB5 appear unnecessary for mi-, tasi-, viral si-, or heterochromatinising siRNA production but act redundantly in a developmental pathway.     

Enzymatic Probing Analysis of an Engineered Riboswitch Reveals Multiple off Conformations

We investigated the gene regulatory mechanism of a previously engineered riboswitch +thiMN₁₅#19 that turns on gene expression in response to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). In vitro enzymatic probing was performed to identify the secondary structures of the OFF conformations predicted by Mfold. Interestingly, enzymatic probing data of the riboswitch and its variants indicated that the riboswitch in its OFF state adopts two distinct structures. Moreover, further in vivo experiments suggested that both OFF structures contribute to the riboswitch function. A deeper understanding of how riboswitches function at the molecular level should enhance our ability to design synthetic riboswitches with new or improved characteristics.     

10Sa RNA, a small stable RNA of Escherichia coli, is functional

Summary The ssrA gene, coding for the metabolically stable 10Sa RNA, affects cell growth. A mutant in which the chromosomal 10Sa RNA gene is interrupted by a cat insert does not produce detectable levels of 10Sa RNA, and it grows more slowly than the parental strain.     

RNA:诱导基因沉默

在生物体中 ,双链RNA (double strandRNA ,dsRNA)裂解后的小RNA可以诱导细胞质和基因组水平外源基因沉默。所谓基因沉默 (genesilencing)是指生物体中特定基因由于种种原因不表达。小RNA能诱导互补信使RNA在转录后降解 ,对于植物 ,可通过同源DNA序列甲基化使转录基因沉默。RNA沉默是基因组水平的免疫现象 ,代表了进化过程中原始的基因组对抗外源基因序列表达的保护机制 ,在动植物进化中起着重要作用 ,RNA沉默具有抵抗病毒入侵、抑制转座子活动、防止自私基因序列的过量增殖等作用 ,并调控蛋白编码基因的表达 ,具有十分诱人的应用前景     

cDNA Labeling Strategies for Microarrays Using Fluorescent Dyes

Microarray analysis has become a key experimental tool in the study of genome‐wide patterns of gene expression. The labeling step of target molecules such as cDNA or cRNA plays a key role in a microarray experiment because the amount of mRNA is measured indirectly by the labeled molecules. In this paper, the most widely used cDNA labeling strategies in microarray experiments are reviewed in detail, including direct labeling and indirect labeling methods along with a discussion of the merits and disadvantages of these methods. Furthermore, various RNA amplification approaches were surveyed to obtain a target nucleic acid sufficient for microarray experiments from minute amounts of mRNA. Finally, the labeling strategies of commonly used microarray platforms (e.g., Affymetrix GeneChip®, CodeLink? Bioarray, Agilent and spotted microarrays) were compared.     

非编码RNA及其研究进展

目前 ,大致有 10类ncRNA的神秘面纱被揭开 ,这些分布广泛的ncRNA ,在多种生物体的重要生命过程中具有不可替代的作用。它们的长度变化很大 ,但都不编码蛋白质 ,直接在RNA水平上发挥着调控作用 ,如细胞的生长和分化 ,个体的发育时序调控 ,以及疾病的形成和抑制等。因而 ,对ncRNA的深入研究将对基因功能开发、人类疾病防治及生物进化的探索有重要意义。     

Rigid nanoparticle-based delivery of anti-cancer siRNA: Challenges and opportunities

Gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat various genetic and acquired diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a revolutionary tool for gene therapy and the analysis of gene function. However, the development of a safe, efficient, and targetable non-viral siRNA delivery system remains a major challenge in gene therapy. An ideal delivery system should be able to encapsulate and protect the siRNA cargo from serum proteins, exhibit target tissue and cell specificity, penetrate the cell membrane, and release its cargo in the desired intracellular compartment. Nanomedicine has the potential to deal with these challenges faced by siRNA delivery. The unique characteristics of rigid nanoparticles mostly inorganic nanoparticles and allotropes of carbon nanomaterials, including high surface area, facile surface modification, controllable size, and excellent magnetic/optical/electrical properties, make them promising candidates for targeted siRNA delivery. In this review, recent progresses on rigid nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems will be summarized.