海南岛125株登革病毒的分离与鉴定

1985年9月儋县发生一次由Ⅱ型登革病毒引起的登革热和登革出血热的爆发流行,至1986年10月疫情已由儋县波及本岛十县二市。根据记载,国外登革热流行期间,常伴多个型别登革病毒同时传播。为掌握本岛此次登革热流行时除Ⅱ型病毒外,是否尚有其他型别流行,于1986年1月至10月登革热流行期间,取十县二市278例急性期病人血清,接种C6/36白纹伊蚊细胞系,进行病毒分离,共获得125株病毒。均用抗登革     

热带瘟疫--登革热

结合登革热疫情流行状况,介绍了登革病毒及其传播途径,登革热的特征病理变化和类型,提出了预防的措施。     

登革病毒感染对妊娠结局的影响

登革热(dengue fever)是一种由登革病毒感染引起的蚊媒传染病,主要流行于热带、亚热带地区,如东南亚、美洲和西太平洋地区等。近年来,在中国登革热的流行范围明显扩大,多省市曾多次暴发不同规模的疫情。有临床证据表明,妊娠期登革病毒感染与不良妊娠结局(adverse pregnancy outcome)及胎儿先天缺陷的关系十分密切。妊娠期感染登革病毒可能增加孕妇发生产后出血、产妇死亡等妊娠并发症发生的风险,也会增加胎儿流产、早产、宫内死亡、低出生体重、先天缺陷和新生儿围产期死亡的可能性。因此,研究登革病毒感染与不良妊娠结局的关联,探索登革热的致病机制,对于控制登革热和改善妊娠结局有十分重要的意义。现就登革热对妊娠结局的影响作一概述。     

应用型特异性单克隆抗体快速鉴定登革病毒

1986年,在海南岛发生登革热爆发流行期间,应用型特异性单克隆抗体以间接免疫荧光法快速鉴定所分离的35株登革热毒。接种标本的第一代C_6/36细胞于感染病毒后96小时内登革病毒抗原检出率可达97％     

慈溪市输入性登革热的临床特征分析

2004年9月浙江省慈溪市逍林镇发生多例不明原因的发热病例。根据流行病学调查及实验室检测结果,确定是一起由输入性病例引起的登革热爆发疫情。现将本院收治的34例登革热从临床特征进行回顾性分析。     

登革病毒NS3全基因的扩增与克隆

登革热(DF)、登革出血热及登革休克综合征(DHF/DSS)是由登革病毒所致的两种不同临床类型的急性传染病,广泛流行于全球热带及亚热带地区.DHF/DSS以高热、出血、休克、高病死率为主要特征,近年来其发病率有迅速增加的趋势,已成为严重影响人类健康的公共卫生问题.     

新型登革疫苗研究进展

登革病毒(Dengue virus,DENV)以伊蚊为主要传播媒介,可感染人,引起登革热(Dengue fever,DF)、登革出血热(Dengue hemorrhagic fever,DHF)及登革休克综合征(Dengue shock syndrome,DSS),其中以登革热最常见,广泛流行于热带和亚     

新型登革疫苗研究进展

登革病毒(Dengue virus,DENV)以伊蚊为主要传播媒介,可感染人,引起登革热(Dengue fever,DF)、登革出血热(Dengue hemorrhagic fever,DHF)及登革休克综合征(Dengue shock syndrome,DSS),其中以登革热最常见,广泛流行于热带和亚     

登革病毒流行株的分离鉴定及其毒力位点变异研究

目的:从登革热患者血清中分离登革病毒,鉴定流行株的血清型及其毒力。对其中两分离株E基因进行序列测定,分析其可能的毒力位点变异。方法:采集临床诊断为登革热患者急性期血清91份,接种于C6/36细胞分离病毒,应用间接免疫荧光法鉴定及分型。并通过乳鼠脑内接种和空斑试验,测定分离株的毒力。扩增2株分离株E基因,克隆到pGEM-T载体进行序列测定,分析变异位点。结果:在91份血清中经2~3次传代分离出8株病毒,鉴定为登革1型病毒。在E蛋白影响毒力的3个区段中,两分离株有3处存在变异。结论:推测此次广州地区流行登革热可能由DEN 1型病毒感染引起,流行株的毒力较弱。毒力减弱可能和其基因位点变异有关。     

广东佛山地区一次登革热暴发流行的病原学及血清学研究

1978年夏秋季节广东省佛山地区发生一次登革热流行。自患者急性期血液巾分离得三株登革热IV 型病毒。通过对180例患者双相血清和109例患者恢复期血清的血清学调查,也确定本次流行系由登革热IV型病毒引起。从健康人群抗体水平调查,提示单相血消补体结合抗体滴度≥1：32有诊断参考意义。 还观察到补体结合抗体在病后一周开始上升,三周达高峰,第二个月开始下降,第三个月降到1：64以下。感染的鼠脑悬液冻融三次,离心取上清,用蔗糖一丙酮法提取抗原,进行补体结合试验较好,其非特异性反应较弱。     

Community Involvement in Dengue Outbreak Control: An Integrated Rigorous Intervention Strategy

BackgroundAn explosive outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Guangdong Province, China in 2014. A community-based integrated intervention was applied to control this outbreak in the capital city Guangzhou, where dengue epidemic was mainly caused by imported cases.ConclusionsThis study suggests that an integrated dengue intervention program has significant effects to control a dengue outbreak in areas where dengue epidemic was mainly caused by imported dengue cases.     

Complete genomic sequence of a dengue type 2 virus from the French West Indies

Severe forms of dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome, were not prominent in the Americas until the epidemic of Cuba in 1981. Since that time, they have spread to other countries in Central and South America, correlating with the spread of dengue type 2 viruses related to Southeast Asian strains. We report here the complete genomic sequence of a dengue type 2 virus isolated during the epidemic in La Martinique in 1998. This constitutes the first complete genetic characterization of a dengue virus strain from French West Indies, and also the first molecular identification in this region of a dengue 2 strain phylogenetically related to the emerging American type 2 dengue viruses.     

Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever: Indian perspective

The relationship of this country with dengue has been long and intense. The first recorded epidemic of clinically dengue-like illness occurred at Madras in 1780 and the dengue virus was isolated for the first time almost simultaneously in Japan and Calcutta in 1943–1944. After the first virologically proved epidemic of dengue fever along the East Coast of India in 1963–1964, it spread to allover the country. The first full-blown epidemic of the severe form of the illness, the dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome occurred in North India in 1996. Aedes aegypti is the vector for transmission of the disease. Vaccines or antiviral drugs are not available for dengue viruses; the only effective way to prevent epidemic degure fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) is to control the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti and prevent its bite. This country has few virus laboratories and some of them have done excellent work in the area of molecular epidemiology, immunopathology and vaccine development. Selected work done in this country on the problems of dengue is presented here.     

Selection for virulent dengue viruses occurs in humans and mosquitoes

Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. The spread of both mosquito vectors and viruses has led to the resurgence of epidemic dengue fever (a self-limited flu-like syndrome) and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (severe dengue with bleeding abnormalities) in urban centers of the tropics. There are no animal or laboratory models of dengue disease; indirect evidence suggests that dengue viruses differ in virulence, including their pathogenicities for humans and epidemic potential. We developed two assay systems (using human dendritic cells and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes) for measuring differences in virus replication that correlate with the potential to cause hemorrhagic dengue and increased virus transmission. Infection and growth experiments showed that dengue serotype 2 viruses causing dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemics (Southeast Asian genotype) can outcompete viruses that cause dengue fever only (American genotype). This fact implies that Southeast Asian genotype viruses will continue to displace other viruses, causing more hemorrhagic dengue epidemics.     

Emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 in Mauritania and molecular characterization of its circulation in West Africa

The number of sporadic and epidemic dengue fever cases have reportedly been increasing in recent years in some West African countries, such as Senegal and Mali. The first epidemic of laboratory-confirmed dengue occurred in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania situated in the Saharan desert, in 2014. On-site diagnosis of dengue fever was established using a rapid diagnostic test for dengue. In parallel, the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the city was confirmed. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR, which showed that all samples from the 2014 dengue epidemic in Nouakchott were dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The whole genome or envelope protein gene of these strains, together with other DENV-2 strains obtained from travelers returning from West African countries to France between 2016 and 2019 (including two Mauritanian strains in 2017 and 2018), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a recent emergence of an epidemic strain from the cosmopolitan genotype belonging to West African cosmopolitan lineage II, which is genetically distinct from African sylvatic genotype. The origin of this DENV-2 lineage is still unknown, but our data seem to suggest a recent and rapid dispersion of the epidemic strain throughout the region. More complete genome sequences of West African DENV-2 are required for a better understanding of the dynamics of its circulation. Arboviral surveillance and outbreak forecasting are urgently needed in West Africa.     

Complete genetic characterization of a Brazilian dengue virus type 3 strain isolated from a fatal outcome

We have determined the complete nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences of Brazilian dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) from a dengue case with fatal outcome, which occurred during an epidemic in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2002. This constitutes the first complete genetic characterization of a Brazilian DENV-3 strain since its introduction into the country in 2001. DENV-3 was responsible for the most severe dengue epidemic in the state, based on the highest number of reported cases and on the severity of clinical manifestations and deaths reported.     

The spatiotemporal trajectory of a dengue epidemic in a medium-sized city

Understanding the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is important to allow for improvements of control measures. To investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of an epidemic dengue occurred at a medium-sized city in the Northeast Region of Brazil in 2009, we conducted an ecological study of the notified dengue cases georeferenced according to epidemiological week (EW) and home address. Kernel density estimation and space-time interaction were analysed using the Knox method. The evolution of the epidemic was analysed using an animated projection technique. The dengue incidence was 6.918.7/100,000 inhabitants; the peak of the epidemic occurred from 8 February-1 March, EWs 6-9 (828.7/100,000 inhabitants). There were cases throughout the city and was identified space-time interaction. Three epicenters were responsible for spreading the disease in an expansion and relocation diffusion pattern. If the health services could detect in real time the epicenters and apply nimbly control measures, may possibly reduce the magnitude of dengue epidemics.     

Co-Circulation of Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotypes in Vientiane Capital,Lao PDR

During the 2012 epidemic of dengue in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR, a major serotype switch from dengue 1 to 3 was observed. A molecular epidemiology study demonstrated that dengue 3 remained the predominant serotype in 2013, but also revealed the co-circulation of two genotypes, supporting the hypothesis of multiple geographic origins of dengue 3 strains circulating in Vientiane capital.     

Influence of spatial heterogeneity on an emerging infectious disease: the case of dengue epidemics

The importance of spatial heterogeneity and spatial scales (at a village or neighbourhood scale) has been explored with individual-based models. Our reasoning is based on the Chilean Easter Island (EI) case, where a first dengue epidemic occurred in 2002 among the relatively small population localized in one village. Even in this simple situation, the real epidemic is not consistent with homogeneous models. Conversely, including contact heterogeneity on different scales (intra-households, inter-house, inter-areas) allows the recovery of not only the EI epidemiological curve but also the qualitative patterns of Brazilian urban dengue epidemic in more complex situations.     

The Prevalence and Endemic Nature of Dengue Infections in Guangdong,South China: An Epidemiological,Serological, and Etiological Study from 2005–2011

Objectives

Frequent outbreaks of dengue are considered to be associated with an increased risk for endemicity of the disease. The occurrence of a large number of indigenous dengue cases in consecutive years indicates the possibility of a changing dengue epidemic pattern in Guangdong, China.

Methods

To have a clear understanding of the current dengue epidemic, a retrospective study of epidemiological profile, serological response, and virological features of dengue infections from 2005–2011 was conducted. Case data were collected from the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Network. Serum samples were collected and prepared for serological verification and etiological confirmation. Incidence, temporal and spatial distribution, and the clinical manifestation of dengue infections were analyzed. Pearson''s Chi-Square test was used to compare incidences between different age groups. A seroprevalence survey was implemented in local healthy inhabitants to obtain the overall positive rate for the specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody against dengue virus (DENV).

Results

The overall annual incidence rate was 1.87/100000. A significant difference was found in age-specific incidence (Pearson''s Chi-Square value 498.008, P<0.001). Children under 5 years of age had the lowest incidence of 0.28/100000. The vast majority of cases presented with a mild manifestation typical to dengue fever. The overall seroprevalence of dengue IgG antibody in local populations was 2.43% (range 0.28%–5.42%). DENV-1 was the predominant serotype in circulation through the years, while all 4 serotypes were identified in indigenous patients from different outbreak localities since 2009.

Conclusions

A gradual change in the epidemic pattern of dengue infection has been observed in recent years in Guangdong. With the endemic nature of dengue infections, the transition from a monotypic to a multitypic circulation of dengue virus in the last several years will have an important bearing on the prevention and control of dengue in the province and in the neighboring districts.