球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1杀蚊毒素在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的表达

将来源于球形芽孢杆菌SSII-1的mtx1毒素基因克隆至穿梭载体pBU4上,得到mtx1插入方向相反的重组质粒pMT9和pMT4.含有pMT9和pMT4的大肠杆菌转化子能表达产生Mtx1毒素,发酵液对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊幼虫具有中度毒杀作用;含有pMT9和pMT4的苏云金芽孢杆菌转化子B-pMT9和B-pMT4在营养体生长阶段对敏感蚊幼和抗性幼虫也具有毒性,毒力与野生型SSII-1相当,而不同转化子在芽孢形成期的毒力因插入的mtx1基因转录方向不同而表现出差异,其中B-pMT4对目标蚊幼毒力极低(LC50＞100mg/mL),而B-pMT9对蚊幼虫具有毒性(LC50=2.49mg/mL).     

球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1杀蚊毒素在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的表达*

将来源于球形芽孢杆菌SSII 1的mtx1毒素基因克隆至穿梭载体 pBU4上 ,得到mtx1插入方向相反的重组质粒 pMT9和pMT4。含有 pMT9和 pMT4的大肠杆菌转化子能表达产生Mtx1毒素 ,发酵液对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊幼虫具有中度毒杀作用 ;含有pMT9和pMT4的苏云金芽孢杆菌转化子B pMT9和B pMT4在营养体生长阶段对敏感蚊幼和抗性幼虫也具有毒性 ,毒力与野生型SSII 1相当 ,而不同转化子在芽孢形成期的毒力因插入的mtx1基因转录方向不同而表现出差异 ,其中B pM     

球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1蛋白和苏云金杆菌Cyt1Aa晶体蛋白的协同作用

采用常规的生物测定方法确定了纯化的球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)的缺失信号肽的97kDa营养期杀蚊毒素(Mosquitocidal toxin 1,Mtx1)蛋白和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)27.3kDa的Cyt1Aa晶体蛋白对致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)幼虫的杀虫活性。结果表明Mtx1和Cyt1Aa不同比例的混合物对致倦库蚊的毒力比单独毒素蛋白高,经统计分析表明两毒素蛋白对目标蚊幼虫具有明显的协同作用。在LC98处理浓度下,Mtx1和Cyt1Aa按3∶1混合的混合物LT50值比单独Mtx1的提前了6.36h。表明Cyt1Aa和Mtx1对致倦库蚊具有协同毒杀作用,提高对目标蚊虫的毒力、缩短半致死时间。该结果为深入研究Mtx1和Cyt1Aa的杀蚊作用方式奠定了基础,同时为其在蚊虫防治中的应用提供了新的思路和方法。     

球形芽孢杆菌C3-41二元毒素基因在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的克隆和表达

球形芽孢杆菌C3-41是我国分离的一株对蚊幼虫有毒杀作用的高毒力菌株,对库蚊、按蚊幼虫的毒性高于2362菌株,Southern杂交证明C\-3\|41总DNA中35Kb HindIII片段上带有419和514kD二元毒素基因,该片段由3479个核苷酸组成,核苷酸序列同2362菌株的二元毒素基因序列完全相同。含二元毒素基因的重组质粒pCW\|1和pCW\|2能在大肠杆菌中表达产生二元毒蛋白,但表达量低,重组子杀蚊毒性低。无晶体型苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种重组子在其芽孢形成中能产生以晶体形式存在的二元毒素蛋白,其全发酵液和纯化晶体蛋白的杀蚊活性与C\-3\|41相近。     

球形芽孢杆菌C3—41二元毒素基因在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的？…

球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１是我国分离的一株对蚊幼虫有毒杀作用的高毒力菌株,对库蚊、按蚊幼虫的毒性高于２３６２菌株,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明Ｃ３－４１总ＤＮＡ中３．５ＫｂＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ片段上带有４１．９和５１．４ｋＤ二元毒素基因。     

我国高效杀蚊球形芽孢杆菌BS 10毒素蛋白基因的克隆和表达

球形芽孢杆菌BS1O(Bacillus sphaericus Strain 10,BSl0)是从我国分离得到的一株高毒力杀蚊幼虫菌株。BS1O在芽孢形成过程中产生的伴孢晶体蛋白对蚊幼虫,特别是库蚊幼虫具有强的毒杀作用。本文建构了Bs10的重组克隆,并通过合成18碱基的寡聚核苷酸序列为探针,筛选出了BSl0的重组阳性克隆〔TGl(pFL37)和TGl(pFL36)〕。重组克隆TGl(pFL37)含有编码43kd毒素蛋白的4．0kb HindⅢ的BSl0 DNA片段。Western blot分析和生物活性测定证明BS1O的43kd杀蚊毒素蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中得到表达。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种130kd杀蚊蛋白基因的...

The location of 130kd mosquitocidal protein gene of Bti 4Q5 strain on its 75Md plasmid was confirmed by southern hybridization using a 18-base oligonucleotide probe. The crystal protein containing the component of 130kd toxic protein was purified. The crystal protein exhibiting the mosquitocidal activity against larvae of Aedes aegypti was shown by bioassay. The purified 75Md plasmid DNA of Bti 4Q5 strain was completely digested with HindIII restriction enzyme, ligated with the vector pUC18 and transformed into the recipient cells of E. coli TG1. From Apr transformants, four clones with HindIII restriction fragment inserts highly homologous to the 18-base oligonucleotide probe were obtained by in situ hybridization and southern hybridization. The 5.2kb HindIII restriction fragment insert was obtained in clone pFH2 and clone pFH4, and 2.3kb HindIII restriction fragment insert in clone pFH1 and pFH3. For pFH2 and pFH4, the 5.2kb fragment was inserted in pUC18 in opposite orientation. It contained 130kd mosquitocidal protein gene (type I) identified by restriction enzyme map analysis. The 2.3kb HindIII fragment insert in other two clones (pFH1 and pFH3) harbored a part of the type II mosquitocidal protein gene which can be used as a probe for cloning of the type II mosquitocidal protein gene.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种130kd杀蚊蛋白基因的克隆与鉴定

以人工合成的130kd杀虫蛋白基因的18—base序列为探针,通过SoutherD分子杂交,验证了在Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis 4Q5菌株75Md质粒上含有130kd杀蚊蛋白基因,并且证明了提纯的晶体蛋白具有杀蚊幼虫活性。对该质粒进行HindIII完全酶切,以pUCl8为载体,以E．Coli TG1为受体,得到四个与探针有强杂交信号的阳性克隆,其中两个(pFH2,PFH4)含有5．2kb HindIII插入片段,包含第一类130kd杀蚊蛋白基因;另两个(pFHI,pFH3)含有2．3kb HindIII插入片段,包含第二类13 0kd杀蚊蛋白基因的3'部分。pFH2和pFH4中,第一类130kd杀蚊基因的插入方位不同。     

Transfer and expression of the cryIVB and cryIVD genes of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in Bacillus sphaericus 2297

Abstract The genes encoding the CryIVB and CryIVD crystal polypeptides of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were cloned indepently on a stable shuttle vector, and transfered into B. sphaericus 2297. Recombinant cells expressed the B. thuringiensis toxins during sporulation and were shown to be toxic to Aedes aegypti fourth instar larvae, whereas the parental strain was not.     

含二元毒素基因的苏云金杆菌重组子晶体蛋白分析及其对蚊幼虫的毒性

通过电转化方法将含球形芽孢杆菌（Bacillussphaericus简称B.s)二元毒素基因的重组质粒pCW2转化野生型苏云金杆菌以色列亚种（B．thuringiensissubsp.israelensis简称B．t．i）,获得一株含二元毒素基因的重组菌株B＋CW-1。重组菌株能表达二元毒素及δ-内毒素和CytA毒素,并形成2类位于芽孢孢外膜外的伴孢晶体。B＋CW-1对伊蚊（Aedes）、按蚊（Anopheles）和抗性库蚊（Culex）的毒力明显高于B．s,同时也略高产B.t.i菌株,但其杀蚊谱和杀活性水平同B．t．i相似。未发现二元毒素同B．t．i毒素间的协同作用。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种cyt1 Aa基因在球形芽孢杆菌中表达

将编码cyt1Aa基因和 p2 0蛋白基因的DNA片段分别克隆连接于两个不同的穿梭载体 pBU 4和pMK 3上 ,构建了重组质粒 pBA 30和 pMA 6,通过电击法 ,将重组质粒分别转化 B .s野生株2 2 97,获得了转化菌株Bs 97 30和Bs 97 6。SDS PAGE和Westernblot分析证实了cyt1Aa基因在转化菌株Bs 97 30中获得了表达 ,而在转化菌株Bs 97 6中未检测到cyt1Aa基因表达的蛋白。转化菌株Bs 97 30中 ,cyt1Aa基因与B .s二元毒素基因同步于菌体生长的对数期起始表达 ,并持续至芽孢形成。生测结果表明 ,转化菌株Bs 97 30中cyt1Aa基因的表达并未明显增强其对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊幼虫的毒力。其原因可能是弱毒性的 cyt1Aa蛋白在转化菌株中的表达量不高。     

Control of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) by Bacillus sphaericus and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Produced on a New Potato Extract Culture Medium

The efficacy of Bacillus sphaericus and B. thuringiensis israelensis produced on a new potato-based culture medium as well as the conventional culture medium of Luria Bertani was compared against Culex quinquefasciatus in the field. After sporulation, the spores/crystals were harvested and used. The bacterial samples controlled the larvae and pupae for three weeks. Mortality due to the bacterial toxins produced from the new culture medium was very high and comparable to that produced using conventional medium. But the cost for cultivating these bacteria using potato extract was much lower as compared with that of the conventional medium.     

苏云金杆菌以色列亚种几丁质酶基因的克隆及序列分析

从苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种（Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis)中提取基因组DNA,通过合成1对特异性引物,用touchdown PCR的方法扩增几丁质酶ichi基因序列（GenBank登录号：AF526379）。ichi序列全长为2570bp,含有1个2067bp的开放阅读框（ORF）,编码688个氨基酸,推测分子量为75.79kDa,等电点pI=5.90的几丁质酶前体。序列和结构比较分析表明：Ichi氨基酸序列与蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus)28-9几丁质酶CW、蜡状芽孢杆菌CH几丁质酶B及苏云金芽孢杆菌墨西哥亚种几丁质酶的同源性分别为97.24%、97.18%、97.63%,而与苏云金芽孢杆菌巴基斯坦亚种的同源性只有63.07%。Ichi编码区由分泌信号肽（46AA）、催化区（105AA)、粘蛋白Ⅲ型同源区（74AA）及几丁质结合区（40AA）组成。     

Mosquito larvicidal activity of transgenic Anabaena PCC 7120 expressing toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Genes encoding the mosquito larvicidal toxins Cry4Aa, Cry11Aa, Cyt1Aa and the regulatory P20 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were introduced into the nitrogen-fixing, filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 for expression under control of two strong promoters P(psbA) and P(A1). The clone pRVE4-ADRC displayed toxicity against fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, the highest ever achieved in cyanobacteria. It was about 2.5-fold more toxic than the respective clone without cyt1Aa [Wu et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 (1997) 4971-4975]. Cyt1Aa synergized the combination of Crys by about five-fold. Consistently, the lethal times exerted by pRVE4-ADRC were also reduced (it killed exposed larvae more quickly). This clone may become a useful biological control agent which reduces the probability of resistance development in the target organisms [Wirth et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997) 10536-10540].     

Cross-resistance between strains of Bacillus sphaericus but not B. thuringiensis israelensis in colonies of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

Two colonies of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) were selected with Bacillus sphaericus strains C3-41 and IAB59 in the laboratory for 13 and 18 generations; they attained 145,000- and 48.3-fold resistance, respectively, in comparison with a susceptible laboratory colony (SLCq) and showed very high levels of cross-resistance (8500- to 145,000-fold) to B. sphaericus strains C3-41, 1593, 2297 and 2362. They were relatively susceptible to B. sphaericus strains LP1-G and 47-6B (only 0.8- to 2.8-fold tolerance), with 24.8- to 48.3-fold cross-resistance to strain IAB59. B. sphaericus-resistant mosquito colonies remained highly susceptible to B. thuringiensis israelensis, suggesting that B.t.i. would be of value in the management of B. sphaericus-resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus colonies. The demonstration of low or no cross-resistance of two selected resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus colonies to IAB59, LP1-G and 47-6B strains of B. sphaericus and the finding of a major 49 kDa protein in these strains suggest that there is likely to be another mosquitocidal factor in the three strains.     

A plasmid encoding a combination of mosquito-larvicidal genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus confers toxicity against a broad range of mosquito larvae when expressed in Gram-negative bacteria

A recombinant plasmid harboring cry4A, cry4B and cry11A from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and binary toxin genes from Bacillus sphaericus has been constructed. The three cry genes were placed under the control of the cry4B promoter whereas the binary toxin gene was controlled by its native promoter. The expression of toxins in Escherichia coli harboring the resulting plasmid, p4BDA-5142, was investigated. Cry4B expression was highest compared to other toxins. Although the level of toxin expression was low compared with E. coli expressing single toxins, the recombinant E. coli strain harboring p4BDA-5142 exhibited broad range mosquito-larvicidal activity against all Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae. This work has shown that the development of the recombinant plasmid can be used to broaden the host range spectrum of the appropriate bacterial host for mosquito control.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌以色列亚种20kDa蛋白质对CytA蛋白溶细胞作用的影响

为了证明苏云金芽胞杆菌以色列亚种２０ｋＤｅ蛋白质对ＣｙｔＡ蛋白溶细胞作用的影响, 根据２０ｋＤｅ蛋白质和ｃｙｔＡ蛋白基因的核苷酸序列,用ＡＭＰＬＩＦＹ程序设计了一套带有酶切位 点的引物,经ＰＣＲ扩增分别获得了２０ｋＤｅ蛋白质和ｃｙｔＡ蛋白基因。将其基因与表达载体 ｐＵＨＥ２４连接并转化到大肠杆菌ＸＬＩ和ＤＨＳ 分别获得含２０ｋＤａ蛋白质基因的克隆子 ＬＺ２９;含ｃｙｔＡ基因的克隆子ＬＺｃｙｔＡ和含有二者基因的重组子ＬＺ２０Ａ．在ＩＰＴＧ诱导下,测定 了不同克隆株基因表达产物对大肠杆菌细胞生长的影响。结果表明：ＬＺ２０的细胞生长不受影 响;ＬＺｃｙｔＡ的细胞被杀死;ＬＺ２０Ａ的细胞生长也不受影响。这表明２０ｋＤａ蛋白质基因与ｃｙｔＡ 蛋白基因重组后,２０ｋＤａ蛋白质基因表达产物可保护ＣｙｔＡ蛋白对大肠杆菌的溶细胞作用,而 巳这种作用并不因不同大肠杆菌受体而改变。