大鼠排卵前促性腺激素释放激素释放过程中下丘脑前阿黑皮素基因表达和雌激素受体的水平

在大鼠动情前期促黄体生成激素峰形成前后测定了血清雌、孕激素水平变化、下丘脑正中隆起促黄体生成激素释放激素含量及弓状核区雌、孕激素受体密度改变和弓状核前阿黑皮素ｍＲＮＡ水平变化。结果表明：动情前期１４小时时血清雌激素水平开始升高（Ｐ＜００５）,于１６小时时达高峰。此时弓状核雌激素受体密度降低（Ｐ＜００５）,孕激素受体密度增加（Ｐ＜００５）,前阿黑皮素ｍＲＮＡ水平减少（Ｐ＜００５）。前阿黑皮素ｍＲＮＡ水平与血清雌激素及正中隆起的促性腺激素释放激素水平呈负相关（Ｐ值分别小于００１及００５）,与弓状核雌激素受体密度变化呈正相关（Ｐ＜００１）。提示弓状核的前阿黑皮素ｍＲＮＡ水平在此过程中可能受雌激素及其受体调控,下丘脑β内啡肽合成减少可能参与了排卵前促性腺激素释放激素／促黄体生成激素峰的形成。     

有氧运动对高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体活性调节的影响

本文研究了实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体（ＬＤＬＲ）活性变化及有氧运动时ＬＤＬＲ活性调节的影响。发现,高脂（ＨＣ）组肝组织匀浆ＬＤＬＲ活性较正常对照（ＮＣ）组降低３７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,同时血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）及血清载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）均显著高于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;高脂＋运动（ＨＥ）组ＴＣ、ＬＤＬＣ及ＡｐｏＢ均明显低于ＨＣ组,而ＬＤＬＲ活性则较ＨＣ组增高２６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示：（１）高胆固醇负荷时细胞可通过下行调节影响ＬＤＬＲ活性;（２）运动可能通过增加对细胞内胆固醇利用和降解,反馈作用于下行调节过程影响ＬＤＬＲ的合成,增加对ＬＤＬＣ摄取而显著改善血脂水平。     

细菌L型感染荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中癌基因蛋白的表达

本文探讨了金葡菌Ｌ型和结核菌Ｌ型感染荷瘤小鼠癌基因Ｐ２１、Ｐ５３及Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２产物的表达。结果发现感染小鼠上述癌基因产物水平较对照组小鼠明显升高（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５）;实验组ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞指数高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;荷瘤感染小鼠存活期缩短,自发性肿瘤增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示细菌Ｌ型感染与肿瘤的发生、发展有关。     

老年高血压病患者的高胰岛素血症与血脂及血管紧张素的关系

目的探讨老年高血压病的高胰岛素血症（ＨＩＳ）与血脂及血管紧张素（Ａｎｇ）的关系。方法比较４８例老年高血压病患者和５４例老年非高血压病患者空腹血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）、ＡｎｇＩ、Ⅱ水平。结果老年高血压病组空腹胰岛素显著高于非高血压病组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;高血压病组ＴＧ、ＡｎｇⅡ显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;高血压病组血糖、ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ、ＡｎｇⅠ与非高血压病组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论老年高血压病患者存在ＨＩＳ,且脂质代谢异常,伴有ＡｎｇⅡ升高。     

刺五加在大鼠实验性肝癌诱发过程中作用的探讨

目的探讨大鼠实验性肝癌发病中刺五加对肌体免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法４６只ＳＤ雄性大鼠被随机分成对照组（喂普通饲料）、３－甲基４－双甲氨基偶氮苯（３－Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ）组（喂含０．０６％３Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ饲料 １０周）和刺五加组（饲喂同 ３－Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ外、另加入刺五加 ４．５ｇ／ｋｇ饲料,用常规方法检测全血谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,用微量化学发光造检测吞噬细胞活性（ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ）。结果１．ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ检测峰值、积分值和吞噬细胞指数,３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组较正常组和刺五加组均有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）２．全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性、ＳＯＤ活性,刺五加组较３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组均有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＭＤＡ含量刺五加组和３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组均较正常组升高（均Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论刺五加在大鼠实验性肝癌诱发过程中有提高抗氧化酶活性和对抗致癌剂引起的机体中性粒细胞吞噬功能代偿性增高的作用。     

脑啡肽增强胶质细胞的神经营养作用与NO生成减少有关

本文在ＳＤ大鼠大脑皮层胶质细胞神经元共培养模式上,以神经元存活、突起生长、生长相关蛋白４３（ｇｒｏｗｔｈａｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ４３,ＧＡＰ４３）ｍＲＮＡ的表达为指标,观察了脑啡肽对胶质细胞神经营养作用的影响,并对其机理作了初步探讨。结果表明,经脑啡肽处理的胶质细胞能使神经元的存活计数增加２８％（Ｐ＜００５）,单个神经元突起总长度增加１１％（Ｐ＜００５）,最长突起长度增加１６％（Ｐ＜００５）,ＧＡＰ４３ｍＲＮＡ的表达增加２６％（Ｐ＜００５）。然后又观察了脑啡肽（１０－６～１０－１２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对培养胶质细胞生成一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的影响。结果表明,浓度为１０－８,１０－１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的脑啡肽能明显抑制其生成（Ｐ＜００５）。结果提示,脑啡肽可能增强胶质细胞的神经营养作用,其机制之一可能是通过抑制胶质细胞ＮＯ的生成。     

结核菌L型在肺癌发病中的作用初探

为探讨结核菌Ｌ型在肺癌发生中的作用,对８４５例纤维支气管镜刷检涂片行抗酸染色,并进行结核菌及其Ｌ型的液体培养,发现肺癌组Ｌ型检出率高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）;但与结核组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）,肺癌组细菌型检出率显著低于结核组（Ｐ＜００５）,但与对照组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）;在肺癌组中,腺癌的结核菌Ｌ型检出率分别较其它类型癌高（Ｐ＜００５）,但各类癌间的结核菌细菌型检出率无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结果提示,结核菌尤其Ｌ型与肺癌特别是肺腺癌的发生可能有一定的关系。     

影响干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效因素分析

为了解重组干扰素α２ｂ治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效的影响因素,对住院治疗的１０８例慢性乙型肝炎进行研究。治疗前所有病例ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ均阳性,ＡＬＴ均大于正常值３倍。结果发现,总有效率女性高于男性（Ｐ＜００５）;病程短于３年者明显优于长于３年者（Ｐ＜００１）;ＣＡＨ明显高于ＣＰＨ（Ｐ＜００１）。９例治疗无效者,２例检出前Ｃ区变异;１例野生株和变异株混合感染者疗程结束后表现为无效。４７例治疗无效者（包括部分复发者）,检出干扰素中和抗体２例;结合抗体６例。治疗期间有类流感症状者显效率明显高于无反应者（Ｐ＜００１）;总有效率高于无反应者（Ｐ＜００５）。治疗中ＡＬＴ升高大于基值２倍以上者疗效更好（Ｐ＜００１）。结果表明,干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效的影响因素较多。     

丽珠肠乐对老年腹泻者肠道厌氧菌群、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清SOD及LPO的影响

本文应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂──丽珠肠乐治疗３０例老年腹泻患者。腹泻老年组治疗后与治疗前相比,治疗后外周血ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值均回升,ＣＤ４升高显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＣＤ３相对升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值回升到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）;血清ＳＯＤ活性亦升高到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）,血清ＬＰＯ含量明显减低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;粪便中双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、乳杆菌数量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｂ／Ｅ比值也随之升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而葡萄球菌和肠球菌数量明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１和０．０５）．结果提示,丽珠肠乐对老年腹泻患者具有明显调整Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群免疫功能,提高血清ＳＯＤ活性,降低血清ＬＰＯ含量,扶植肠道厌氧菌群生长,改善肠道菌群紊乱的作用。     

猴头菇对小鼠抗疲劳作用的实验研究

分别以猴头菇干粉（猴头菇Ⅰ组）和猴头菇浸出液（猴头菇Ⅱ组）饲喂小鼠,观察猴头菇对小鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活力、血乳酸、血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肝糖原、肌糖原含量及运动耐力的影响。结果表明：实验６０ｄ后,猴头菇Ⅰ、Ⅱ组ＬＤＨ活力、肝糖原及肌糖原含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;运动后血乳酸的水平和ＢＵＮ的增量明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;运动后血乳酸消除速率显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;在运动耐力测定时在水中淹死的时间比对照组长得多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：猴头菇具有明显的增强运动能力和解除疲劳的作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.