毒蛇咬伤207例治疗体会

本方对近两年所收治的２０７例各类毒蛇咬伤病人的治疗,体会到桂林地区毒蛇种类较多,极大地危害着人们的身体健康。而采用本院蛇药卜芥为主综合性治疗,收到满意效果,并提示在治疗中要注意防止伤口溃烂的发生。     

治疗毒蛇咬伤373例的体会

毒蛇咬伤是危重的急性外伤性疾病 ,延误治疗或处理不当 ,易导致死亡。作者多年来 ,应用自制“蛇伤胶丸”治疗毒蛇咬伤患者 373例 ,效果满意。现将治疗体会报告如下 ,以予同行商讨。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　 373例中 ,男 2 1 8例 ,女 1 55例 ,年龄 3～ 71岁。其中银环蛇咬伤 1 37例 ,眼镜蛇咬伤 1 2 8例 ,五步蛇咬伤 2 2例 ,竹叶青蛇咬伤 9例 ,红眉蝮蛇咬伤 2例 ,烙铁头蛇咬伤 75例。根据全国蛇伤经验交流会关于毒蛇咬伤的病情标准分型 :轻型 1 93例 ,重型 93例 ,危型 87例。1 .2　治疗方法　 ( 1 )局部处理 :对确认何种毒蛇咬伤的患者 ,…     

中西医结合治疗毒蛇咬伤的新进展

蛇伤是一种古老的疾病,但至今仍被认为是人类最激烈和最可怕的意外事件之一。人们在救治毒蛇咬伤的临床实践中,对蛇伤的治疗积累了丰富的经验。在科学迅猛发展的今天,中西医结合治疗蛇伤也有新的进展,现简要介绍如下。1蛇伤的急救进展蛇伤急救(firstaid)是指在咬伤后送进医院之前立即采取的措施。包括局部切开、伤口负压吸引排毒、冷冻烧灼、患肢结扎、压迫,目的是延缓蛇毒的吸收或把蛇毒在吸收前从局部除去,各地方法不同,其利弊仍有很大争议。尤其是对切开吸毒、结扎等问题的争议。(1)切开。早期有人认为在伤口处切开吸引排毒可减轻中毒,但…     

蛇伤解毒汤治疗毒蛇咬伤32例

自 1 992年 1月～ 1 999年 1 0月 ,我们应用自制蛇伤解毒汤治疗毒蛇咬伤 32例 ,疗效满意 ,现介绍如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　本组 32例蛇伤患者中 ,男 1 8例 ,女 1 4例 ;年龄最小 1 2岁 ,最大 56岁 ,以青壮年为多 ;发病至入院时间最短 2天 ,最长 5天 ;咬伤头部 6例 ,手部 1 2例 ,脚部 1 4例 ;竹叶青蛇咬伤1 4例 ,龟壳花蛇咬伤 1 2例 ,眼镜蛇咬伤 2例 ,不明蛇种咬伤 4例。咬伤季节多在 4～ 1 0月 ,其中 6、7、 8、 9月份最多。1 .2　治疗方法　 ( 1 )局部治疗。伤口常规消毒 ,酌情用刀片或三棱针点刺“八邪”或“八风”穴 ,伤口扩创放…     

红外线在毒蛇咬伤后期治疗的临床意义

毒蛇咬伤在全国各地都有发生,我国每年约有10万人次被毒蛇咬伤,特别是南方各省的农村山区等地,更是蛇害泛滥,严重危害和影响人民群众的工作、生活和身体健康。毒蛇伤人后,蛇毒沿着人体的血液和淋巴循环运行全身,产生各种临床症状及并发症,如救治不当,会致残甚至危及生命。现将红外线在蛇伤后期的治疗报告如下。     

中西医结合治疗1615例毒蛇咬伤观察

毒蛇咬伤是农村常见的急性中毒性疾病,延误治疗或治疗不当,易致残致死,对广大农民和野外作业者、蛇业人员的生命和健康威胁很大。作者自1968-2006年10月用中西医结合的方法治疗1615例毒蛇咬伤的患者,获得满意疗效。现将临床观察结果报告如下。     

"蛇伤胶囊"治疗毒蛇咬伤疗效观察

作者应用自制“蛇伤胶囊”治疗毒蛇咬伤病人3 95例 ,疗效满意 ,现将临床疗效观察结果报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　 3 95例中 ,男 2 3 9例 ,女 1 5 6例 ,年龄最小 3岁 ,最大 71岁。其中眼镜蛇咬伤 1 41例 ,银环蛇咬伤 1 3 8例 ,五步蛇咬伤 2 6例 ,竹叶青蛇咬伤 9例 ,烙铁头蛇咬伤 76例 ,红眉蝮蛇咬伤 2例 ,湖南永州地区的“杂交银环蛇”咬伤 3例。1 .2　分型标准　根据 1 973年全国蛇伤经验交流会所订的关于毒蛇咬伤的病情标准分型和 1 988年5月 2 3日于中国桂林召开的“国际毒素”会议交流曹武君、劳伯勋所著的《毒蛇咬伤的临床分…     

毒蛇咬伤急救治疗的研究（附256例报告）

目的研究能随身携带自救、互救,局部注射治疗蛇咬伤的新方法。方法使用配置有胰、糜蛋白酶及抗过敏、抗炎等药物的“急救药盒”。结果２５６例全部治愈,对各种毒蛇咬伤治愈率达１００％。结论胰、糜蛋白酶治疗毒蛇咬伤使用方法简便,易于保存和携带。     

27例毒蛇咬伤并发局部溃疡处理的临床观察

江西赣州地区南邻广东,西接湖南,属南蛉山系。七山一水二分田,气候温和,雨量充沛。笔者所在单位更是森林繁茂,山泉潺潺的边远林区;是蛇类生存繁殖的天然场所。1978年、1979年中国科学院云南动物研究所蛇伤研究组、中国科学院成都生物研究所蛇类分类组先后来对这一地区的蛇类进行了调查。     

毒蛇咬伤病人的血小板聚集功能初探

目的为了探讨血液毒及混合毒类毒蛇咬伤病人的血小板功能情况,了解临床中毒发病机理。方法对近年来在本院急诊科确诊的五步蛇(Da.),蝮蛇(Ah.),眼镜蛇(Nn.),眼镜王蛇(Oh.),蝰蛇(Vr.),烙铁头(Tm.)和竹叶青(Ts.)等各种血液毒及混合毒类毒蛇咬伤17例病人25个血样,进行最大血小板聚集率(MAR)的检查和分析研究。结果除了Da未见MAR下降外(仅1例1个样品),其余各蛇种咬伤的样品均有下降。在获得未经治疗(抗蛇毒血清)的15个样品的检查结果中,进行统计分析,Vr、Tm以及Ah的MAR比正常人对照组(51.3±16.0)%明显下降。结论蛇毒中的血小板集聚抑制因子,可引起蛇伤患者体内血小板聚集功能下降,血小板处于无用状态,结果有些蛇伤病人DIC样综合征时出现严重出血而无明显微循环血栓形成致器官受损的临床症状。     

山莨胆碱在慢性乙型肝炎治疗中的应用研究

山莨菪碱(654-2)是我国首先从茄科植物唐古特山莨菪中提取的一种生物碱,分子式C_(17)H_(23)NO_4;具有受体阻滞和钙通道拮抗作用,在临床中应用于多学科疾病的治疗和抢救。近年来,山莨菪碱对肝损伤的保护作用的基础研究得到证实,临床应用也取得一定认识,特别是在对慢型乙型肝炎的治疗作用方面。现就山莨菪碱对慢型乙型肝炎在肝细胞保护及抗肝纤维化方面的作用机制、临床应用作一综述。     

山莨菪碱对经有限蛋白水解后的脑突触膜Ca~(2+)-ATPase的影响

 从猪脑中提取钙调蛋白和突触质膜,我们研究了山莨菪碱对经有限蛋白水解和磷脂酶A_2处理后的突触膜Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性影响。发现药物对不同预处理后的Ca~(2+)-ATPase表现出不同影响并调节钙调蛋白对它的激活作用。     

蛇伤溃疡创面细菌生态学调查及药敏分析

调查统计我院烧伤整形外科实验室1989年至1996年4月检测的蛇伤溃疡创面分泌物细菌培养及药敏情况,旨在为蛇伤后抗生素的选择提供最基本的参考依据.     

圆斑蝰蛇(Vipera russelli siamensis)咬伤引起严重肺出血的报告

患者 :男 ,4 2岁 ,广西农民 ;2 0 0 3年 5月 2 5日下午 5时在工地捕捉 1条约 4 0 cm长蝰蛇时不慎被其咬伤 ,局部肿胀疼痛 ,下午 7时即转送来我院急诊。检查右手大鱼际可见牙痕 1个 ,渗血及皮下瘀血少许 ,肿至腕关节。牙龈出血 ,PT:>2 min (对照 11.9s) ;Fg:0 .0 g/L;尿隐血 ( )。第 2天 (伤后13h)觉胸闷、气紧、咳嗽、咯血 ,即给予查胸片 ,示右上、中肺可见模糊片状影。第 3天胸闷、气紧加重 ,出现两肺出血所致呼吸功能不全 ,复查胸片示病灶比前增多 ,右肺及左下肺可见斑片状边缘模糊阴影。咳嗽、气紧、咯血为鲜红色伴有少许血块 ,两肺可闻湿性罗音 ,心率 110次 /分 ,律整 ,血氧饱和度为 85%～ 90 %。经地塞米松、山茛菪碱、止血、抗感染等治疗 10天 ,症状体征消失 ,治愈出院     

Isolation of Human Clq as a by-Product of Routine Fractionation

Clq can be isolated as a by-product of large scale fractionation. The euglobulins of fraction III are submitted to chromatography on CM-cellulose in a batch-procedure. The active fraction being frequently contaminated by lysozyme the protein can be further purified by gel-filtration in the presence of carbohydrates. The purified Clq is suitable for the detection of immune complexes.     

Phlebotomies as a treatment of serious heart failure due to haemochromatosis: a case report

Haemochromatosis is a disturbance in the iron metabolism leading to excessive accumulation of iron in various organs such as the liver, pancreas, joints, skin, pituitary, testes and heart, with the last mentioned leading to heart failure. In this report we describe a patient with serious heart failure, attributed to homozygosity for C282Y in the haemochromatosis (HFE) gene, in whom repetitive phlebotomies led to normalisation of left ventricular function. (Neth Heart J 2009;17:438–41.)     

Chemical and Genetic Validation of the Statin Drug Target to Treat the Helminth Disease,Schistosomiasis

The mevalonate pathway is essential in eukaryotes and responsible for a diversity of fundamental synthetic activities. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway and is targeted by the ubiquitous statin drugs to treat hypercholesterolemia. Independent reports have indicated the cidal effects of statins against the flatworm parasite, S. mansoni, and the possibility that SmHMGR is a useful drug target to develop new statin-based anti-schistosome therapies. For six commercially available statins, we demonstrate concentration- and time-dependent killing of immature (somule) and adult S. mansoni in vitro at sub-micromolar and micromolar concentrations, respectively. Cidal activity trends with statin lipophilicity whereby simvastatin and pravastatin are the most and least active, respectively. Worm death is preventable by excess mevalonate, the product of HMGR. Statin activity against somules was quantified both manually and automatically using a new, machine learning-based automated algorithm with congruent results. In addition, to chemical targeting, RNA interference (RNAi) of HMGR also kills somules in vitro and, again, lethality is blocked by excess mevalonate. Further, RNAi of HMGR of somules in vitro subsequently limits parasite survival in a mouse model of infection by up to 80%. Parasite death, either via statins or specific RNAi of HMGR, is associated with activation of apoptotic caspase activity. Together, our genetic and chemical data confirm that S. mansoni HMGR is an essential gene and the relevant target of statin drugs. We discuss our findings in context of a potential drug development program and the desired product profile for a new schistosomiasis drug.     

Functional Assays as Prismatic Views of Drug Activity: Relevance to New Drug Discovery

The two main processes involved in new drug discovery are screening and lead optimization; the latter process encompasses the dialogue between pharmacologists and medicinal chemists with the aim of maximizing primary activity and druglike properties of compounds. The pharmacological assay is the main tool in both of these processes; this will be discussed with special attention to new information regarding the signaling and networking of seven transmembrane receptors. In particular, the assays used for lead optimization will be discussed in terms of detecting and developing drugs that specifically emphasize some signaling pathways and not others, all through the stabilization of unique receptor protein conformations. There is considerable data to indicate that these are real phenomena that may be exploited for therapeutic advantage. A therapeutically relevant example will be discussed from a recent program designed to block entry of HIV-1 for the prevention and therapy of AIDS. The allosteric modulator aplaviroc (873140) and other allosteric modulators will be highlighted with reference to the development of future drugs that block the involvement of receptors in pathological process but otherwise allow them to function normally. In AIDS, this would allow the natural chemokine systems to assist in the protection against further HIV-1 infection.     

Fat-free Albumin as a Novel Drug Delivery System

The search for effective drug delivery systems is one of the major challenges in drug formulation especially for biopharmaceuticals such as proteins, and peptide-based drugs and vaccines. A procedure has been developed whereby human serum albumin (HSA) can be used as a delivery vehicle for these biomolecules using its role as main fatty acid carrier. Using essentially fatty acid free HSA (HSAff) it is possible to form stable complexes with lipidic chain compounds (lipo-compounds). Two lipo-compounds have been used to develop this system, a novel antimicrobial lipopeptide and γ-amino-n-butyric acid, GABA, conjugated with an alkyl chain, lipo-GABA, in both cases C8 and C14 alkyl chain lengths were evaluated. The HAS–lipo compound complex had a mutual stabilizing effect on both the HSA and the lipo-compound. The protease enzyme study showed that the alkyl chains of these lipo-compounds bound to HSAff confer a similar if not greater biostability than caprylic acid shown by CD and importantly, the bound lipopeptide was stabilized by the HSA shown by mass spectrometry. Heat stability studies at 60°C over 10 h also confirmed that the lipo-HSA complexes confer stability and provide a method of preparing sterile formulation for therapeutic use. No further increased in stability of the lipo-compounds when HSA containing fatty acid (HSAfa) was used. With the antimicrobial lipopeptide, there was enhanced activity with HSAff formulation suggesting increased biostability and bioavailability of compounds. These finding allowed us to develop a simple and effective way of delivering lipo-compounds using fatty acid free HSA as the carrier.Australian Peptide Conference Issue.