应用液—液双水相抽提技术分离纯化甘油激酶、a-甘油磷酸脱氢酶及心肌黄酶

用液-液双水相抽提技术分别从嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌(Bacillus stearothermophilus)菌体、兔肌及猪心肌匀浆液中分离甘油激酶、a-甘油磷酸脱氢酶及心肌黄酶,研究了pH,匀浆液的量、氯化钠浓度及丙酮等因素对分配系数、上下相体积之比,酶活性回收率及分离效果等参数的影响,并确定了抽提上述三种酶的最佳相组成系统。用本文的工艺抽提甘油激酶、a-甘油磷酸脱氢酶及心肌黄酶有下列优点： 1．酶活回收率较高,分别为90％、95％及70％2：分离效果较好,通常提纯三、四倍以上3．各酶均存留在下相,即磷酸钾盐富相中,故可省去聚乙二醇(PEG)的分离工序而直接与后继精制工艺衔接,简化了工艺,在实验室及工业生产中均有实用价值。     

同步纯化人心肌肌钙蛋白T、I

同步纯化人心肌肌钙蛋白Ｔ、Ｉ李志梁付朝平钱学贤陆青王素华黎梅兰（第一军医大学珠江医院心内科,广州５１０２８２）关键词心肌肌钙蛋白Ｔ;心肌肌钙蛋白Ｉ;同步纯化收稿日期：１９９６－０４－１７;接受日期：１９９６－０８－２７。心肌肌钙蛋白包括３种不同的蛋白...     

白及块茎铜,锌超氧物歧化酶的纯化及其性质

白及（Ｂｌｅｉｌｌａｓｔｒｉａｔａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｒｅｉｃｈｂ．ｆ．）的ＳＯＤ同工酶只有一条较宽的谱带,确认为Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ。其块茎ＳＯＤ总活性和比活性都高,且含有丰富的白及胶;经丙酮分级沉淀,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析分离纯化,获得对ＣＮ￣－敏感的淡兰色Ｃｕ·ＺｎＳｏＤ粉末。在凝胶电泳染色图谱上,纯化后的酶与粗酶液的ＳＯＤ区带相对应,且其酶活性染色带与蛋白染色带位置对应,表明已纯化到均一程度。该酶分子量约３３ＫＤ,亚基分子量约为１６．４ＫＤ;紫外光区的吸收峰在２６４．６ｎｍ,等电聚焦电泳呈现一条蛋白区带,ｐＨ值在４．３５左右;该酶在ｐＨ６．０～１０．０,温度在５０℃范围内具稳定性。纯化后的酶为４５６３．２ｕ／ｍｇ·蛋白,纯化了５１倍,活力回收为２２．３％。上述酶没有过氧化氢酶活性。提取过程中还得到高质量的副产品白及胶。     

柱层析法纯化人用地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗

用Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ－６Ｂ凝胶层析法纯化原代地鼠肾细胞狂犬病苗,可去除绝大部分杂蛋白,总蛋白含量减少９９．４％以上,纯化后抗原比活性提高２１０倍,单位疫苗剂量中牛血清含量降低１８．７倍以上。方法简单,价廉,适合于工业生产     

柑叶片蔗糖酶的分离纯化及其部分性质的研究

柑（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ Ｂｌａｎｃｏ）幼叶中存在高活性的酸性蔗糖酶。经硫酸铵盐析、ＤＥＡＥ－琼脂糖离子交换层析、ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００ 凝胶层析纯化,活性回收率６．４％ ,纯化倍数１７９．２ 倍。纯化的酶经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示单一蛋白带,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示１ 条蛋白带,其亚基分子量４０ ｋＤ。用ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００ 凝胶层析法测得分子量为８０ ｋＤ。推测该酶由两个相同亚基构成。以蔗糖为底物测定该酶的表观Ｋｍ 为１．６×１０－ ２ ｍ ｏｌ·Ｌ－ １,Ｖｍ ａｘ为１００ ｍ ｇ 还原糖·ｍ ｇ－ １蛋白质·ｈ－ １。最适ｐＨ ５．０,酸碱稳定区在ｐＨ ４．５—５．５ 之间。最适温度５５℃     

蕃茄蛋白酶抑制剂Ⅱa,Ⅱb的分离纯化及性质研究

经硫酸铵分级、ＣＭ－纤维素柱层析和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－７５柱层析,从野生型秘鲁蕃茄未成熟果实的匀浆液中分离纯化了蛋白酶抑制剂Ⅱａ,Ⅱｂ。纯化的蛋白酶抑制剂经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定呈单一带,分子量均为１７ｋＤ。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ结果表明蛋白酶抑制剂Ⅱａ,Ⅱｂ均与马铃薯蛋白酶抑制Ⅱ有血清学上的交叉反应。抑制蛋白酶活性测定显示两种蛋白酶抑制剂都表现强的抑制胰凝乳蛋白酶的活性,但对胰蛋白酶的     

心肌特异性高表达热休克蛋白27转基因鼠建立

目的 建立人热休克蛋白27（heat shock protein 27, Hsp27）基因在小鼠心肌特异性表达的转基因鼠模型。 方法 将人心肌Hsp27cDNA插入含有心肌特异性表达启动子αMHC的pBSⅡ-SK+载体中,限制性内切酶EcoRI酶切、纯化后,获得含有αMHC启动子－Hsp27cDNA－HGH polyA的线性DNA片段,以显微注射法将目的基因导入受精卵, PCR筛选基因型,Western Blot鉴定转移基因的表达和表达的组织特异性。结果和结论 共获得两个转基因系小鼠,均呈心肌组织特异性高表达。     

利用生物化学标记分析鉴定一个抗小麦黄矮病的小麦新种质

利用多个生化标记系统对一个抗小麦黄矮病新种质（ＨＧ２９５）进行了分析鉴定,胚乳水溶蛋白等电聚焦表明,在ｐＨ８．０－１０．２范围内,中５有３条在其小麦亲本南大２４１９、克强中匀不存在的克异带,其中只有和经２条在ＨＧ２９５中得到表达。在ＨＧ２９５中,２ＤＳ控制的那条水溶蛋白带发生了的缺失,ＨＧ２９５中２ＤＳ的缺失在Ｐｅｒ－５与Ｅｓｔ－６电泳分析中进一步得到确证,Ｅｓｔ－７酶谱表明,中５与ＨＧ２９５均表     

高氧预适应增强大鼠心肌Mn—SOD基因表达及缺血梗塞心肌 …

本文报告了一种新的心脏预适应途径即高氧预适应（ｈｙｐｅｒｏｘｉｃｃ ｐｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ,ＨＯＰ）。为观察高氧预适应对鼠心肌抗氧化酶的影响,我们给大鼠吸入８０％￣８５％氧气,１ａｔｍ,每天６ｈ,连续７ｄ（ＨＯ组）,然后进行实验并与室内空气环境下喂饲７ｄ的大鼠（对照组）进行比较。３０只Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠随机分为６组,每组５只：ＨＯ－１和对照－１组,ＨＯ吸入结束后直接处死,采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｎ杂     

两相分配法制备玉米根质膜及其纯度鉴定

用ＤｅｘｔｒａｎＴ５００,ＰＥＧ３３５０两相体系制备玉米根质膜．首先在高盐浓度（２２ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ）下选用五种不同的聚合物浓度（５．８％、６．０％、６．２％、６．３％、６．４％,Ｗ／Ｗ）,研究了玉米根质膜在两相体系中的分配情况,在此基础上进一步研究了Ｎａ－Ｃｌ浓度（２、４、５、１１、２２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对玉米根质膜的纯度及得率的影响．结果表明,制备玉米根质膜选用６．２％（Ｗ／Ｗ）聚合物浓度,７．５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ的两相体系比较合适．标志酶鉴定及低ｐＨ值磷钨酸染色电镜检测均表明获得了高纯度密实的正向型的质膜囊泡,质膜标志酶ＶＯ３－４－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性潜势达８８．９％．     

Affinity partitioning of phosphofructokinase from baker's yeast using polymer-bound Cibacron blue F3G-A

1. Phosphofructokinase from baker's yeast is partitioned between the phases of an aqueous two-phase system, containing dextran (Mr = 500000) and poly(ethyleneglycol) (Mr = 6000), in favour of the dextran-rich phase. By covalent binding of the dye Cibacron blue F3G-A to poly(ethyleneglycol) the enzyme can be extracted to the phase rich in this polymer, i.e. affinity partitioning. 2. The affinity partitioning effect, measured as the logarithmic increase of the partition coefficient by introducing polymer-bound Cibacron blue, depends on several factors. The influence of dye-polymer concentration, polymer concentration, polymer molecular weight, kind of salt and salt concentration, pH and temperature has been studied. 3. The effect of ATP, ADP, AMP, ITP, fructose 1,6-bis-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate show large differences in the binding strength of these substances to the Cibacron blue binding sites. AMP cannot compete with Cibacron blue while ATP is strongly competing. 4. The use of affinity partitioning for enzyme isolation and determination of ligand binding is discussed, as well as possible mechanisms concerning this type of liquid/liquid extraction.     

Mixed reverse micelles facilitated downstream processing of lipase involving water‐oil‐water liquid emulsion membrane

Our earlier work for the first time demonstrated that liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) containing reverse micelles could be successfully used for the downstream processing of lipase from Aspergillus niger. In the present work, we have attempted to increase the extraction and purification fold of lipase by using mixed reverse micelles (MRM) consisting of cationic and nonionic surfactants in LEM. It was basically prepared by addition of the internal aqueous phase solution to the organic phase followed by the redispersion of the emulsion in the feed phase containing enzyme, which resulted in globules of water‐oil‐water (WOW) emulsion for the extraction of lipase. The optimum conditions for maximum lipase recovery (100%) and purification fold (17.0‐fold) were CTAB concentration 0.075 M, Tween 80 concentration 0.012 M, at stirring speed of 500 rpm, contact time 15 min, internal aqueous phase pH 7, feed pH 9, KCl concentration 1 M, NaCl concentration 0.1 M, and ratio of membrane emulsion to feed volume 1:1. Incorporation of the nonionic surfactant (e.g., Tween 80) resulted in remarkable improvement in the purification fold (3.1–17.0) of the lipase. LEM containing a mixture of nonionic and cationic surfactants can be successfully used for the enhancement in the activity recovery and purification fold during downstream processing of enzymes/proteins. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1084–1092, 2014     

Aqueous micellar two-phase system composed of hyamine-type hydrophobically modified ethylene oxide and application for cytochrome P450 BM-3 separation

The hydrophobically modified ethylene oxide polymer, HM-EO, was modified with an alkyl halide to prepare a hyamine-type HM-EO, named N-Me-HM-EO, which could be used for forming N-Me-HM-EO/buffer aqueous micellar two-phase system. The critical micelle concentration of N-Me-HM-EO solution and the phase diagrams of N-Me-HM-EO/buffer systems were determined. By using this novel aqueous micellar two-phase system, the separation of cytochrome P450 BM-3 from cell extract was explored. The partitioning behavior of P450 BM-3 in N-Me-HM-EO/buffer systems was measured. The influences of some factors such as total proteins concentration, pH, temperature and salt concentration, on the partitioning coefficients of P450 BM-3 were investigated. Since the micellar aggregates in the N-Me-HM-EO enriched phase were positively charged, it was possible to conduct the proteins with different charges to top or bottom phases by adjusting pH and salt concentration in the system. A separation scheme consisting of two consecutive aqueous two-phase extraction steps was proposed: the first extraction with N-Me-HM-EO/buffer system at pH 8.0, and the second extraction in the same system at pH 6.0. The recovery of P450 BM-3 was 73.3% with the purification factor of 2.5. The results indicated that the aqueous micellar two-phase system composed of hyamine modified polysoap has a promising application for selective separation of biomolecules depending on the enhanced electrostatic interactions between micelles and proteins.     

Sequential liquid-liquid extraction of some enzymes from porcine muscle using polymer-bound triazine dyes

Extraction between two aqueous phases has been used for rapid partial purification of enzymes present in porcine muscle using polymer-bound triazine dyes. These enzyme ligands, bound to poly(ethylene glycol), are restricted to the upper phase of a water-dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) two-phase (liquid-liquid) system. Nineteen triazine dyes were tested for their abilities to extract some enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, myokinase and pyruvate kinase) present in crude muscle sap into the dye-containing upper phase. Bulk proteins were to large extent recovered in the lower dextran-rich phase. By sequential change of the ligand several of the studied enzymes were extracted into separate upper phases and in 2–8 times purification (relative to protein) within 25 min. The two dehydrogenases were, however, extracted together. The total time for enzyme preparation was reduced to 40 min by direct homogenization of the tissue in the liquid-liquid two-phase system followed by five affinity extraction steps and separation of enzyme from the dye ligands. The yield was in this case considerably reduced.     

Purification of alkaline phosphatase from chicken intestine by three-phase partitioning and use of phenyl-Sepharose 6B in the batch mode

Alkaline phosphatase from chicken intestine was purified from the crude preparation employing three-phase partitioning and by the use of phenyl Sepharose-6B in the batch mode. TPP uses a combination of ammonium sulphate and t-butanol to precipitate proteins from crude aqueous extracts. The precipitated protein forms interface between lower aqueous phase and upper organic solvent phase. The fold purification of the finally purified enzyme was 80 and the activity recovery was 61%. The sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of enzyme showed considerable purification and its molecular weight was found to be around 67 kDa.     

Partition of horseradish peroxidase in aqueous two-phase systems containing polyvinylpyrrolidone

Growing peroxidase utilisation in different industries encourages the search for high benefit/cost ratio purification methods such as aqueous two-phase partition. In this way, the partitioning behaviour of peroxidase from Armoracia rusticanaroots in polyvinylpirrolidone/Reppal and polyvinylpirrolidone/salt aqueous two-phase systems was investigated. Based on these results, a two-step purification process was developed. In the first system (polyvinylpyrrolidone K30/Reppal PES 200, pH 7.0), cell debris and some contaminating proteins were shifted to the bottom phase while peroxidase concentrated in the top phase. After discarding the bottom phase, the second step involved addition of magnesium sulphate thus forming a second aqueous two-phase system. At this step, the enzyme was extracted into the salt-rich bottom phase. The overall yield was 75% and the purification factor 7.3.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The partitioning of cholesterol oxidase in Triton X-114-based aqueous two-phase systems.

Cholesterol oxidase from various bacterial sources (membrane-bound and extracellular) was studied in Triton X-114R solutions above the cloud point. The influence of temperature, salt, enzyme concentration and source, and pH on phase equilibrium and enzyme partitioning was investigated in this detergent-based aqueous two-phase system. The method combines remarkable recovery (over 70% and 90% in the detergent-rich phase for the extracellular and membrane-bound forms, respectively) and 10 to 20-fold concentration of the enzyme in just one purification step. The results from cholesterol oxidase are compared with other proteins, both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. The system shows considerable promise for selectively partitioning proteins based on their surface hydrophobicity.     

Protein partitioning equilibrium between the aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) and salt phases and the solid protein phase in poly(ethylene glycol)-salt two-phase systems

True partitioning behaviour, which is independent of the protein concentration in aqueous two-phase systems, only occurs at relatively low protein concentration. The actual concentration limit depends on the properties of the protein. When the concentration of a protein exceeds relatively low values, precipitation at the interface can be observed. This protein precipitate is in equilibrium with the protein solubilized in each of the phases. This paper discusses the effect of protein solubility in view of the equilibrium of the protein concentration between the aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) and salt phases and the solid protein phase using three proteins. It was found that only rarely will the proteins be completely in solution as the concentration is increased until a solubility limit is reached and then the protein precipitates fully out of solution. A behaviour that came close to this was only seen in one case out of six. In virtually all cases, a third phase is formed which represents a solid aggregate phase which is in equilibrium with the other two, largely aqueous, phases. As the overall concentration of protein in the system is increased and the concentration in the top and bottom aqueous phases increases, the pseudo concentration in the solid-phase, C_s^′, also increases. This could have interesting implications in terms of the amount of water associated with this phase and it certainly means that in this particular case, the solid phase is not a crystal.     

Purification of alcohol dehydrogenase from bovine liver crude extract by dye-ligand affinity counter-current chromatography

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was extracted from a crude bovine liver homogenate by dye-ligand affinity counter-current chromatography (CCC) using a cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (x-axis CPC). The purification was performed using two types of polymer phase systems composed of 4.4% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-7.0% dextran T500-0.1 M potassium phosphate buffers and 16% PEG 1000-12.5% potassium phosphate buffers, both containing a procion red dye as an affinity ligand at various pH values. The best purification was achieved using the PEG 1000-potassium phosphate system at pH 7.3 containing 0.05% procion red as a ligand. The upper PEG-rich phase containing procion red was used as the stationary phase and a crude bovine liver homogenate was eluted with the potassium phosphate-rich lower phase at 0.5 ml/min. After elution of bovine liver proteins in the homogenate, ADH still retained in the stationary phase was collected from the column by eluting with the PEG 1000-rich upper phase. Collected fractions were analyzed by ADH enzymatic activity and by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to detect contaminant proteins in the ADH fractions. The ADH was purified directly from crude bovine liver extract within 6h with minimum loss of its enzymatic activity.     

Aqueous two phase extraction of invertase from baker's yeast: Effect of process parameters on partitioning

Invertase (β-d-fructofuronoside fructohydrolase) is an industrially important enzyme useful for the hydrolysis of sucrose. The potential of aqueous two phase extraction for the isolation and purification of invertase from crude baker's yeast is explored. Influence of the process parameters such as type of phase forming salts, PEG molecular weight, concentration of salt and polymer, tie line length and volume ratio on partitioning of invertase was studied. PEG 3350/magnesium sulphate system was found most suitable for the extraction which has resulted in favorable pH (5 ± 0.2) for the enzyme extraction. Polymer and salt concentration were found to significantly affect the degree of purification and enzyme recovery of invertase. The purity of ∼8.81 fold was obtained compared to crude extract with recovery of 77% at the standardized process conditions. Overall results demonstrated the feasibility of aqueous two phase extraction for the isolation and purification of invertase without the need of multiple steps.