5个精神分裂症高发家系与COMT关联的分析

本研究旨在探测儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因（COMT）多态性与精神分裂症（SP）的关系,搜寻中国汉族人精神分裂症易患性基因。 应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）方法对5个精神分裂症高发家系进行初步研究。 用改进的传递/不平衡（TDT）进行统计分析,结果表明,在5个精神分裂症高发家系中,COMT基因与精神分裂症相关联（P=0.0455）。 研究结果提示,在我们研究的家系中,22号染色体长臂（22q11.2）可能存在精神分裂症易患性基因。 Abstract:This study is to explore the relationship between polymorphism of Catechol O-methyltransferase gene and schizophrenia.Search for a gene predisposing to schizophrenia in the Han nationality in China.Five pedigrees with high incidence of schizophrenia were studied by polymerize chain reaction(PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) technique.Statistics analysis of the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) showed that the COMT gene is associatted with schizophrenia in the five pedigree with high incidence schizophrenia(P=0.0455).The results suggest that there might have a schizophrenia liability gene on 22 chromosome (22q11.2) in our studied pedigrees.     

中国汉族人群肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）基因-238G/A和-308G/A多态性与强迫症的关联分析（英文）

目的：探讨在中国汉族人群中强迫症与TNF-a基因-238G/A和-308G/A多态性之间的关联。方法：我们的研究所招募的161例强迫症患者和325名健康对照中,应用PCR-RFLP比较了OCD组和对照组之间的TNF-α基因在-238G/A（rs361525）和-308G/A（rs1800629）位点的基因型和等位基因频率多态性。结果：在中国大陆汉族人群TNF-α基因的OCD组与对照组之间-308 G/A等位基因频率及-238G/A的基因型频率和等位基因频率无显着差异,而-308G/A基因型频率有显著不同。在-308G/A位点,女性强迫症患者和对照组之间的基因型频率关联分析有增高的趋势。结论：我们的研究结果表明,肿瘤坏死因子-α在-308G/A点位多态性可能会影响在中国大陆汉族人群强迫症的发展。     

多巴胺D4受体基因启动子区多态性与精神分裂症的相关性

目的:探讨多巴胺D4受体(Dopaminc D4 receptor,DRD4)基因启动子区的3个功能多态性与精神分裂症是否存在相关性.方法:严格按照诊断标准,选取无亲缘关系的精神分裂症患者220例,健康对照组200例提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应及等位基因特异性扩增技术检测DRD4基因启动子区-521C/T、-616C/G和-1240L/S 3个功能位点的基因型,采用HaploView4.0及SPSS11.5软件分析各位点基因型、等位基因频率及组间差异.结果:DRD4基因-1240L/S的基因型及等位基因频率分布在精神分裂症与正常对照组存在显著性差异(p<0.05).DRIM基因启动子区-521C/T和-616C/G位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布在精神分裂症组与正常对照组无统计学差异(p>0.05).结论:DRD4基因-1240L/S多态性与精神分裂症相关联,携带有-1240L/S多态性住点L等住基因的个体可能更容易患精神分裂症.     

在中国汉族人群中,以家系传递分析肿瘤坏死因子a-308A/G单核苷酸多态性与抽动秽语综合征

目的：探讨在中国汉族人群中,肿瘤坏死因子a（TNF-alpha,TNF-a）基因启动子区-308A/G单核苷酸多态性与抽动秽语综合征（Tourette syndrome,TS）的遗传易感性。方法：91例TS患者及其父母组成的核心家系成员经聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengthpolymor phism,PCR-RFLP）方法进行基因分型,评估所有研究对象的TNF-a-308A/G位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率的分布,进行传递不平衡检验（transmission disequilibrium test,TDT）,单体型相对风险（haplotype-based haplotyp erelativerisk,HHRR）,单体型风险（haplotype relative riskHRR）的研究。结果：TS患者及其父母的等位基因分布经Hardy-Weinberg（H-W）平衡检验显示符合遗传平衡法则。（x2〈3.84;P〉0.05）TDT、HHRR和HRR研究结果显示该多态性位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率均不存在传递不平衡。结论：我们的数据表明肿瘤坏死因子a启动子区-308A/G单核苷酸多态性位点不是中国汉族人群TS的易感基因位点。     

中国云南汉族群体VKORC1基因多态性研究

目的：探讨云南汉族人群维生素K环氧化物还原酶亚单位1（VKORC1 ）基因多态性,并与国内外群体进行比较。方法：采集280云南汉族心瓣膜置换术病人外周血,获得基因组DNA,用PCR-RFLP 方法分析VKORC1-1639G/A,1173C/T,3730A/G 的基因多态性。结果：对于VKORC1-1639G/A,共检出222 (79.3%)名AA纯合子,8(2.8%)名GG纯合子,50(17.9%)名AG杂合子;对于VKORC1-1173C/T,检出224 (80.0%) 名纯合子TT,56 (20.0%)名杂合子CT,未检出CC 基因型;对于VKORC1 3730 A/G,共检出30(10.7%)名AA 基因型,205 (73.2%)名GG 基因型,45 (16.1%)名AG 基因型。与不同群体相比,各位点差别不一。结论：与其他 群体相比,云南汉族人群VKORC1-1639G/A,1173C/T,3730A/G 基因位点具有自己的遗传多态性,其基因多态性在临床药物应 用（如华法林）治疗中具有非常重要的意义。     

中国汉族人群肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)基因-238G/A和-308G/A多态性与强迫症的关联分析

目的:探讨在中国汉族人群中强迫症与TNF-a基因-238G/A和-308G/A多态性之间的关联.方法:我们的研究所招募的161例强迫症患者和325.名健康对照中,应用PCR-RFLP比较了OCD组和对照组之间的TNF-α基因在-238G/A(rs361525)和-308G/A(rs1800629)位点的基因型和等位基因频率多态性.结果:在中国大陆汉族人群TNF-α基因的OCD组与对照组之间-308 G/A等位基因频率及-238G/A的基因型频率和等位基因频率无显着差异,而-308G/A基因型频率有显著不同.在-308G/A位点,女性强迫症患者和对照组之间的基因型频率关联分析有增高的趋势.结论:我们的研究结果表明,肿瘤坏死因子-α在-308G/A点位多态性可能会影响在中国大陆汉族人群强迫症的发展.     

共济失调蛋白2结合蛋白1基因多态性与奥氮平所致体重增加的关联研究

目的:既往研究表明,共济失调蛋白2结合蛋白1(A2BP1)基因多态性可能与精神分裂症、孤独症及肥胖等复杂疾病关联,但目前尚无相关文献提示A2BP1基因多态性与抗精神病药所致体重增加的关联.本研究拟探讨A2BP1基因多态性与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症所致体重增加的关联.方法:本研究共入组350例精神分裂症患者,其中完成奥氮平(治疗剂量5～20 mg/d)治疗8周者为328例.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)减分率评估药物疗效;分别于治疗前和治疗8周后测量并记录患者的清晨空腹体重并计算治疗前后体重增加率(％).提取患者外周血DNA,采用DNA测序基因分析方法,在328例汉族精神分裂症患者中,检测A2BP1基因4个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点(rs8048076,rs1478697,rs10500331,rs4786847)的基因型,并采用数量性状位点分析方法(QTL)探索A2BP1基因多态性与奥氮平治疗所致体重增加率的关联.结果:A2BP1基因rs8048076 (T=3.237;P=0.0012)及rs1478697 (T=2.956;P=0.0032)位点与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症8周后所致体重增加率关联(P＜0.05),经多重检验Bonferroni校正后仍有统计学意义;而rs10500331 (T=-0.293;P=0.769)与rs4786847(T=0.666; P=-0.505)在本样本中与奥氮平所致体重增加的关联无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:本研究结果提示在中国汉族人群中,A2BP1基因多态性可能与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症患者所致体重增加副反应关联,如能进一步验证及机制探索,则有望在精神科个体化治疗方面对药物所致体重增加的预测与防治提供线索依据.     

脂联素基因SNP45 T/G多态性与2型糖尿病相关性研究

目的:探讨脂联素基因(APM1)SNP45 T/G多态性与湖北汉族人群2型糖尿病的相关性.方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法分析了479例样本的APM1基因SNP45T/G多态性,并测定身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压和空腹血糖等生理指标.结果:两种实验设计中对照组与病例组基因型和等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义.结论:脂联素基因SNP45T/G多态性在湖北汉族人群2型糖尿病的发生发展中可能不起主要作用.     

脂联素基因SNP45T／G多态性与2型糖尿病相关性研究

目的：探讨脂联素基因（APM1）SNP45T／G多态性与湖北汉族人群2型糖尿病的相关性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应．限制性片断长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法分析了479例样本的APM1基因SNP45T／G多态性,并测定身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压和空腹血糖等生理指标。结果：两种实验设计中对照组与病例组基因型和等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义。结论：脂联素基因SNP45T／G多态性在湖北汉族人群2型糖尿病的发生发展中可能不起主要作用。     

NPY及YWHAH基因多态性与精神分裂症的关联分析

调查了583例精神分裂症患者及372例健康人,对NPY（neuropeptide Y）及YWHAH（14—3．3 eta chain gene）基因中几个已报道过的阳性关联位点进行了检测。YWHAH基因上的-134（GCCTGCA）2-4位点因扩增失败未能考察,NPY基因上的T1128C位点在样本中则不存在。重点对-485C〉T（NPY）和G753A（YWHAH）两个位点进行了分析,各相匹配组间比较均未发现等位型频率（P值分别是0．696和0．743,OR值分别是1．041和0．962）和基因型频率（P值分别是0．45和0．75,x^2值分别是1．51和0．58）的显著性差异。对两个基因之间的基因型相对风险分析表明,它们也不能协同导致疾病风险（P〉0．05）。结果提示,在中国汉族人群中-485C〉T（NPY）和G753A（YWHAH）两个多态性位点与精神分裂症的遗传易感性不存在关联。     

延边朝鲜族和汉族脂联素启动子SNPs与原发性高血压的相关性

为了探讨延边朝鲜族和汉族脂联素基因启动子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与原发性高血压(EH)的关系, 文章采用PCR产物直接测序方法检测了220例EH患者和268例对照个体的脂联素启动子5个SNPs位点: -11426A>G(rs16861194)、-11391G>A(rs17300539)、-11377C>G(rs62620185)、-11156insCA(rs60806105)、-11043C>T(rs76786086), 氧化酶法测定空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白, 酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆脂联素和胰岛素。结果显示: (1) -11426A>G、-11377C>G 和-11156insCA 3个位点具有多态性, 且它们的基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05), -11391G>A和-11043C>T位点无多态性; (2) -11426A>G和-11156insCA呈完全连锁不平衡(D’=1; r2=1); (3) -11426G基因频率比较, 朝鲜族(21.10%)高于汉族(12.05%), 汉族EH组高于对照组; -11377C>G的基因型和基因频率在朝鲜族和汉族间及同一民族内EH组和对照组间比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05); (4)单倍型?11426G -11377C的频率, 汉族EH组高于对照组(P<0.05), 朝鲜族EH组和对照组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05); (5)EH组的血浆脂联素水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001)。据此得出结论: (1)首次发现?11426A>G和?11156insCA呈完全连锁不平衡, -11426 A>G的多态性在朝鲜族和汉族中存在民族差异; (2) -11426 G和-11426G -11377C是延边汉族EH的危险因子和危险单倍型, 但不是朝鲜族的; (3)低血浆脂联素是延边朝鲜族和汉族EH的重要危险因素; (4)血浆脂联素水平与-11426A>G基因型无关。     

Association of CTLA4 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and pathology correlation to pulmonary tuberculosis in Southern Han Chinese

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) gene is a key negative regulator of the T lymphocyte immune response. It has been found that CTLA4 +49A>G (rs231775), +6230G>A (rs3087243), and 11430G>A (rs11571319) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases, and can down-regulate the inhibition of cellular immune response of CTLA4. Three SNPs in CTLA4 were genotyped by using the PCR and DNA sequencing methods in order to reveal the susceptibility and pathology correlation to pulmonary tuberculosis in Southern Han Chinese. We found that the frequency of CTLA4 +49AG genotype in the pulmonary tuberculosis patients (38.42%) was significantly lower than that of the healthy controls (49.77%), (P(cor)=0.038, OR 0.653, 95% CI 0.436-0.978). But, no associations were found between the other 2 SNPs (+6230G>A, 11430G>A) and tuberculosis (P>0.05). Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of haplotype AGG in the healthy controls group (6.9%) was significantly higher than the pulmonary tuberculosis patients group (1.4%), (global P=0.005, P(cor)=0.0002, OR 0.183, 95% CI 0.072-0.468). In addition, haplotype GGA was found to be significantly related to tuberculosis with double lung lesion rather than single lung lesion (P(cor)=0.042). This study is the first to report that genetic variants in the CTLA4 gene can be associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in Southern Han Chinese, and CTLA4 +49AG genotype as well as haplotype AGG may reduce the risk of being infected with pulmonary tuberculosis. The GGA haplotype was related to tuberculosis with double lung lesion, which provides a new experimental basis to clarify the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

中国老年心脑血管疾病患者阿司匹林抵抗与环氧化酶-1单体型关联分析

目的:旨在研究老年心脑血管病患者阿司匹林抵抗与阿司匹林作用靶点环氧化酶-1(COX-1)基因单体型的关联性。方法:入选北京地区服用阿司匹林的老年汉族心脑血管疾病患者431例,通过花生四烯酸诱导光比浊法,筛选出阿司匹林抵抗患者59例作为病例组,372例阿司匹林不抵抗者作为对照组,使用美国Sequenom系统SNP分型技术鉴定了COX-1基因6个常见单核苷酸多态性位点(SNP)与阿司匹林抵抗的关联性。6个SNP分别是:rs1888943(8759C/T)、rs1330344(1676A/G)、rs3842787(exon 2,50C/T,p.Pro17Leu)、rs5787(exon 4,323G/A,p.Arg108Gln)、rs5789(exon7,709C/A,p.Leu237Met)和rs5794(exon10,1330G/A,p.Val481Ile)。结果:突变COX-1单体型CGCGCC,在病例组频率为0.48(57/118),对照组频率为0.39(286/742),显著高于对照组(P≤0.05)。结论:中国老年汉族心脑血管疾病患者阿司匹林抵抗与COX-1单体型相关联,突变COX-1单体型CGCGCC显著增加了阿司匹林抵抗的发病风险。     

在中国汉族人群中，以家系传递分析肿瘤坏死因子a-308A/G单核苷酸多 态性与抽动秽语综合征

目的:探讨在中国汉族人群中,肿瘤坏死因子a(TNF-alpha,TNF-a)基因启动子区-308A/G单核苷酸多态性与抽动秽语综合征(Tourette syndrome,TS)的遗传易感性。方法:91例TS患者及其父母组成的核心家系成员经聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengthpolymor phism,PCR-RFLP)方法进行基因分型,评估所有研究对象的TNF-a-308A/G位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率的分布,进行传递不平衡检验(transmission disequilibrium test,TDT),单体型相对风险(haplotype-based haplotyp erelativerisk,HHRR),单体型风险(haplotype relative riskHRR)的研究。结果:TS患者及其父母的等位基因分布经Hardy-Weinberg(H-W)平衡检验显示符合遗传平衡法则。(x2<3.84;P>0.05)TDT、HHRR和HRR研究结果显示该多态性位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率均不存在传递不平衡。结论:我们的数据表明肿瘤坏死因子a启动子区-308A/G单核苷酸多态性位点不是中国汉族人群TS的易感基因位点。     

CTLA-4 exon 1 +49 polymorphism alone and in a haplotype with ?318 promoter polymorphism may confer susceptibility to chronic HBV infection in Chinese Han patients

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) plays a pivotal role in regulating T cell activation, which is believably critical for the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The expression and function of CTLA-4 may be affected by gene polymorphisms. This study investigated the influence of CTLA-4 polymorphisms on disease susceptibility in Chinese Han patients with chronic HBV infection. CTLA-4 +49A/G and -318C/T polymorphisms were evaluated by DNA amplification with polymerase chain reaction followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The patients with chronic HBV infection had higher frequencies of genotype AA and allele A of CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism. The haplotype +49A-318C was significantly over-represented (P < 0.001) and haplotype +49G-318C under-represented (P = 0.006) in the patients. The +49GG genotype was more frequent (P = 0.009) and +49A allele was less frequent in patients with lower ALT levels (P = 0.012) in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. It is indicated that CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism alone and in a haplotype with -318C allele may confer susceptibility to chronic HBV infection in Chinese Han patients.     

浙江汉族人群细胞因子基因多态性分析

为了探讨浙江汉族人群13种细胞因子基因多态性的分布情况, 采用PCR-SSP对100名汉族人群的IL-1α(T/C-889)、IL-1β(C/T-511, T/C+3962)、IL-1R(C/T Pst-I 1970)、IL-1RA(T/C Mspa1-I 1100)、IL-2 (T/G -330, G/T +166)、IL-4 (T/G -1098, T/C -590, T/C -33)、IL-4Rα(G/A +1902)、IL-6 (G/C-174, G/A nt565)、IL-10 (G/A -1082, C/T -819, C/A-592)、IL-12(C/A -1188)、gIFN (A/T UTR 5644)、TGFβ(C/T codon 10, G/C codon 25)、TNFα(G/A -308, G/A -238)等细胞因子基因多态性进行分型。结果显示, (1)在检测的13种细胞因子中, TGF(G codon 25)等位基因频率为1.00, 未检测到TGF(C codon 25)等位基因; (2)细胞因子等位基因频率大于0.95的有IL-1α(C-889)、IL-1β(C +3962)、IL-4 (T –1098)、IL-6 (G-174)、IL-6(G nt565)、IL-10(A –1082)和TNFa (G -238); 频率低于0.05的有IL-1α(T -889)、IL-1β(T +3962)、IL-4(G –1098)、IL-6 (A-174)、IL-6 (A nt565)、IL-10 (G –1082) 和TNFa (A -238); (3) IL-10高表达单倍型GCC频率为0.05, 低表达单倍型ATA频率为0.735; TGF β高表达单倍型TG频率为0.49, 低表达单倍型CC频率为0; TNF a高表达单倍型AG和AA频率为0.055, 低表达单倍型GG和GA频率为0.945。结果表明, 浙江汉族人群细胞因子基因多态性较为丰富, 具有地区性遗传特征。     

Genetic Association of rs1800780 (A→G) Polymorphism of the eNOS Gene with Susceptibility to Essential Hypertension in a Chinese Han Population

To investigate the association of eNOS gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in the Chinese Han population, we examined polymorphisms of the rs2070744 (T→C), rs1800780 (A→G), and rs3918181 (A→G) loci. The results demonstrated that the genotypic frequency at the rs1800780 (A→G) locus was significantly different between patients with essential hypertension and the control cohorts (P < 0.05); while genotypic frequencies and allelic frequencies at rs2070744 (T→C) and rs3918181 (A→G) loci had no statistical difference between the patient group and controls (P > 0.05). In addition, haplotype analysis found a statistically significant difference for haplotype TGA, with OR (95% CI) of 1.549 (1.116–2.150) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that polymorphism of rs1800780 (A→G) in the eNOS gene may be one of the most important genetic factors associated with essential hypertension susceptibility, and those who have haplotype TGA may be at risk to develop essential hypertension.     

Association of eNOS gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the Han population in southwestern China

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis and vascular integrity. Polymorphisms in the eNOS gene have been found to be associated with hypertension in different human populations, including Northern and Southern Chinese Han populations. To examine the relationship of three eNOS gene polymorphisms, T-786C (rs2070744), G894T (rs1799983), and G10T (rs7830), with hypertension in the Han population in southwestern China, we carried out a study of the genotypes of three SNPs in 510 hypertensive and 510 normotensive subjects from the Yunnan Province by using PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Our SNP analyses showed that the distribution of the T-786C polymorphism did not differ between patients and controls, and that G894T and G10T are significantly associated with hypertension in females, adjusted for covariates. Compared with the other haplotypes, haplotype H1 (TGG), carrying protective 10G and 894G alleles, significantly decreased the risk of increased essential hypertension in females, with an odds ratio of 0.68 (P = 10(-5)). These results suggest that the eNOS polymorphism is one of the factors contributing to the predisposition for essential hypertension in the Han population in southwestern China.