关于Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirusg中文译名的建议

杆状病毒的命名一般为宿主拉丁文名 病毒属名 ,病毒的中文名称亦遵循这一规则 ,由病毒宿主名加病毒名构成[1] 。ＨｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａＮｕｃｌｅｏｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｖｉｒｕｓ由病毒宿主拉丁文名Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ和杆状病毒核多角体病毒属名构成。Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ原为Ｈｅｌｉｔｈｉｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ ,近年来改为现名 ,中文译名一直为棉铃虫[2 ,3] 。棉铃虫为夜蛾科日夜犁亚科Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅ属的昆虫 ,种异名Ｂｏｍｂｙｅｏｂｓｏｌｅｔｅ ,英文俗名ｃｏｔｔｏｎｂ…     

关于Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirusg中文译名的建议

杆状病毒的命名一般为宿主拉丁文名+病毒属名,病毒的中文名称亦遵循这一规则,由病毒宿主名加病毒名构成[1].     

Diet-delivered RNAi in Helicoverpa armigera – Progresses and challenges

Helicoverpa armigera (the cotton bollworm) is a significant agricultural pest endemic to Afro-Eurasia and Oceania. Gene suppression via RNA interference (RNAi) presents a potential avenue for management of the pest, which is highly resistant to traditional insecticide sprays. This article reviews current understanding on the fate of ingested double-stranded RNA in H. armigera. Existing in vivo studies on diet-delivered RNAi and their effects are summarized and followed by a discussion on the factors and hurdles affecting the efficacy of diet-delivered RNAi in H. armigera.     

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的环境友好型诱杀技术研究

2003年和2004年,在山东惠民采用杀虫灯、性诱剂、杨树枝把等措施开展了诱杀棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera成虫的防治试验.杀虫灯+10支性诱剂,杀虫灯+5支性诱剂+5支杨树枝把,杀虫灯+lO支杨树枝把,杀虫灯4种措施的日均诱蛾量分别为11.4、10.4、8.6和7.0头,性诱剂和杨树枝把均未显著提高对棉铃虫的诱杀效果.不同诱捕方案对棉铃虫累积诱蛾量随日期的变化符合Gompertz方程.普通灯和时控灯对棉铃虫的日均诱蛾量分别为19.9头和17.4头,二者差异不显著;时控灯对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的日均诱捕量均少于普通灯;减少开灯时间可在不显著降低棉铃虫诱杀量的同时,有效保护捕食性瓢虫.与普通灯相比,设置时间合理的时控灯(夜间19:00～23:00和3:00～5:00开灯)未显著降低棉铃虫的日均诱蛾量,而对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的日均诱捕量分别为2.0头和4.9头,均显著低于普通灯的3.7头和9.2头,合理设置开关灯控制模式可在不显著降低对棉铃虫诱杀效果的同时,降低近50%的天敌杀伤率,节约用电40%.     

棉铃虫Heliothis armigera(Hǖbner)性外激素田间研究进展简报

我们曾用16碳和14的饱和醛和不饱和的醛类化合物9种组成22组不同的配方,于1982年第四代棉铃虫Heliothis armigera(Hǖbner)发生时,在湖北荆州太湖农场进行首次田间筛选试验。还以未交配的雌蛾和杨树枝把作为对照。田间使用的诱捕器为20公分口径的涂釉的水钵。又选择在装有单组分和多组分的两组配方的水钵诱捕器上加上纸罩,观察其对诱捕效果的影响。     

棉铃虫[Helicoverpa armigera（Hubner）]蛾复眼视网膜电位研究

动用视网膜电位（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｍ,ＥＲＧ）技术研究了棉铃虫「Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａ ａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ（Ｈｕｂｎｅｒ）」成虫在暗适应过程中对单色光和复合光（即白光）刺激的光感受性变化,并初步分析了ＥＲＧ的波形成分组成及影响因素。结果显示：⑴依ＥＲＧ振幅大小（峰－峰值）,棉铃虫蛾的光谱敏感曲线在３４０－６０５ｎｍ波谱内有三个大小不等的峰,其中第一峰位于绿－黄光区的５６２ｎｍ,第二峰位     

棉田与玉米田棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera Huebner）种群动态特征的比较

1998年在江苏丰县系统调查了棉田和玉米田中第三、四代棉铃虫的种群动态,用生命表方法比较了两种寄生主田内棉铃虫种群的发育速率和存活率。结果表明,棉铃虫卵峰期至4龄幼虫高峰期的历期在玉为主田要比棉田快4d,并以产卵于玉米抽雄扬花期的发育最快。两类寄主田内平均存活纺无显著差异,但产卵于玉米抽雄扬花期时,其卵至6龄幼虫的存活率比产在其它阶段玉米上的存活率高,在江苏棉区目前的作物布局和耕作制度下,玉米田第三代棉铃虫是棉田第四代棉铃虫的重要虫源。     

棉铃虫[Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)]蛾复眼视网膜电位研究

运用视网膜电位（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｍ , ＥＲＧ） 技术研究了棉铃虫［ Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａ ａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ）］ 成虫在暗适应过程中对单色光和复合光（ 即白光） 刺激的光感受性变化, 并初步分析了ＥＲＧ 的波形成分组成及影响因素。结果显示：（１） 依ＥＲＧ 振幅大小（ 峰－ 峰值） ,棉铃虫蛾的光谱敏感曲线在３４０ － ６０５ｎｍ 波谱内有三个大小不等的峰,其中第一峰位于绿－ 黄光区的５６２ｎｍ ,第二峰位于蓝光区的４８３ｎｍ ,第三个峰在近紫外区的４００ｎｍ ,显示其复眼至少具有三种感受器类型。（２） 一定光强度范围内, 一定日龄的棉铃虫蛾的ＥＲＧ 值随单色光和白光刺激光强度的增强而增大, 至一定光强度时增加变缓,呈近似Ｓ 型曲线式样。表明该蛾复眼具有较强的光强度自调节和适应机制。（３） 棉铃虫蛾复眼的ＥＲＧ 波形成分由４ 个部分组成：开光反应、正相电位、持续负电位和闭光反应,波长、光强度及光刺激时程对其各成分有不同影响。     

不同光波及光强度下棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)成虫的行为反应

运用室内行为实验方法研究了不同波长单色光和白光刺激的棉铃虫[Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)]成虫趋光、避光反应及其与光强度之间的相互关系.结果显示:(1)一定时间暗适应的棉铃虫蛾对单色光和白光刺激均具有趋光行为反应,依其趋光反应率大小,其光谱反应曲线在340-605nm波谱范围内,表现为大小较复杂的几个峰,其中两个峰分别在蓝光区483nm、紫外340nm,另在近紫外的400nm、绿黄光区的538nm有峰.(2)一定光强度范围内,棉铃虫蛾的趋光反应率随单色光和白光光强度的增强而增大,至一定光强度时增加变缓,呈现近似S型曲线式样.(3)性别、日龄对棉铃虫蛾的光谱、光强度反应曲线均有一定影响,雌性较雄性的趋光反应率和可适应的光强度高,1、3、5日龄蛾中以3日龄的趋光反应率和可适应的光强度高.(4)棉铃虫蛾的趋光、避光反应行为具有相似的波长及光强度选择机制.     

不同光波及光强度下棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)成虫的行为反应

运用室内行为实验方法研究了不同波长单色光和白光刺激刺激的棉铃虫「Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａ ａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ（Ｈｕｂｎｅｒ）」成虫趋光、避光反应及其与光强度之间的相互关系,结果显示：（１）一定时间暗适应的棉铃虫蛾对单光和白光刺激均具有趋光行为反应,依其趋光反应率大小,其光谱反应曲线在３４０－６０５ｎｍ波谱范围内,表现为大小较复杂上峰,其中两个峰分别在蓝光区４８３ｎｍ、紫外３４０ｎｍ,另外近紫外的４０ｎ     

Feeding inhibition of Helicoverpa armigera （HiJbner） by Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Tylophora indica extracts

Crude leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Tylophora indica were evaluated for their antifeedancy against Helicoverpa armigera larvae in no-choice bioassays. Cabbage leaf-disc dipped in different concentrations of leaf extracts was used for feeding fifth instars of H. armigera for 24 hours. Ethanol extracts from both the plant species exhibited significant feeding inhibition, activity. The effective concentrations of ethanol extracts that caused 50% reduction in larval feeding （EI50） were 6.9% for E. camaldulensis and 2.8% for T. indica, while these values of hexane extracts were 9.3% and 5.2%, respectively. Compared to the crude leaf extracts, crude alkaloids from T. indica and crude tannins from E. camaldulensis were more potent in reducing larval feedings.     

土壤特性对棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera Huebner）发生的影响及发生程序分区

统计分析表明,土壤的多种理化性质与棉铃虫的发生程度间存在着密切的关系,其中起主要作用的是土壤容重、砂粒含量和粘粒含量3个因子,其直接通径系数依次为－0.6521、0.6735和0.3456。这些因子使土壤表现出不同的粘性,决定了土壤的透气性、持水量和板结程序等,从而影响到棉铃虫入土后蛹的存活率。用上述3个因子进行聚类分析,可将通州市划分为3个棉铃虫发生区,各区域在测报和防治上应进行区别对待。     

Mechanisms of monocrotophos resistance in cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

Insensitive acetylcholinesterase was identified as a resistance mechanism by comparing biochemical analysis with a laboratory selected monocrotophos resistant cotton bollworm (RR: 200) and the susceptible strain. The cDNA encoding AChE was cloned by the method of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The complete AChE gene deduced from the cDNA consisted of a putative signal peptide of 32 amino acid residues, a mature protein of 615 residues, 5' untranslated regions (UTR) of 315 bp and 3' UTR of 324 bp. The coding sequence had a high degree of homology to the AChE from other insect species reported in the GenBank. After comparing analysis of the entire AChE gene sequence from 5 resistant and 6 susceptible cotton bollworm individuals, nine mutations were identified. One of them, the Ala/Thr mutation, is likely to be responsible for the AChE insensitivity to monocrotophos.     

Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins with Midgut Brush Border Membrane Vesicles of Helicoverpa armigera

Pesticidal activity of different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ-endotoxins, Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry2A, were investigated against Helicoverpa armigera infesting cotton crop worldwide. Cry1Ac toxin was found to be the most potent toxin towards H. armigera. All selected Bt toxins were found stable in vitro processing by midgut juice of H. armigera. Saturation and competition binding experiments were performed with iodine-125 labeled proteins and brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the midgut of H. armigera. The results show saturable, specific and high affinity of all toxins except for Cry2A. Both the toxins were bound with low binding affinity but with high binding site concentration. Heterologous competition experiments showed that Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac recognized or share the same binding site which is different from that of Cry2A. The data suggest that development of multiple toxin system in transgenic plants with toxin pyramiding, which recognize different binding sites, may be useful in the deployment strategies to decrease the rate of pest adaptation to Bt toxins in transgenic plants.     

棉田与玉米田棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hübner)种群动态特征的比较

1998年在江苏丰县系统调查了棉田和玉米田中第三、四代棉铃虫的种群动态,用生命表方法比较了两种寄主田内棉铃虫种群的发育速率和存活率.结果表明,棉铃虫卵峰期至4龄幼虫高峰期的历期在玉米田要比棉田快4d,并以产卵于玉米抽雄扬花期的发育最快.两类寄主田内平均存活率无显著差异,但产卵于玉米抽雄扬花期时,其卵至6龄幼虫的存活率比产在其它阶段玉米上的存活率高.在江苏棉区目前的作物布局和耕作制度下,玉米田第三代棉铃虫是棉田第四代棉铃虫的重要虫源.     

Novel polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera （Lepidoptera：Noctuidae）

A novel set of five polymorphic di- or trinucleofide microsatellite loci suitable for population genetic study were developed from an enriched genomic library for the pest insect cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, and cross-amplifiability of these and other published loci was tested in a closely related species, the tobacco budworm, H.assulta. The expected heterozygosity at these loci ranges from 0.62 to 0.91 in the cotton bollworm. The observed allele numbers varies from 4 to 12 in the limited number of individuals tested. Although a large proportion of cloned microsatellite sequences are present in multi-copy in the cotton bollworm genome, the overwhelming majority of the finalized polymorphic diallelic loci are tri-nucleotide microsatellites - an unexpected outcome, which should facilitate subsequent genotyping analysis.     

Are Helicoverpa armigera and Tetranychus spp. populations still susceptible to pesticides? A Zimbabwean study

The African bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and the cotton red spider mite, Tetranychus spp., are important pests of cotton in Zimbabwe. A study to assess H. armigera resistance to fenvalerate 20 EC (Cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)benzene acetate) and Tetranychus spp. resistance to amitraz 20 EC (n’-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-n-) was conducted at the Cotton Research Institute (CRI) during the 2005/06 cotton-growing season. Field populations of H. armigera and Tetranychus spp. were collected from some of Zimbabwe’s major cotton-growing areas of Sanyati, Umguza, Chisumbanje, Chinhoyi and the CRI in Kadoma and exposed to bioassays. The African bollworm leaf disc technique and the red spider mite attached leaf-dipping technique were used to assess responses of the African bollworm and red spider mite to the pesticides. Susceptible laboratory populations served as the standard populations and their responses were compared with those of the field populations. The graphical method and MSTAT-C probit analysis computer program were used to calculate LC₅₀ values. Although the CRI field population, used as a reference population for the registration of H. armigera insecticides, had the highest LC₅₀ value (graphical?=?0.000100000; MSTAT-C?=?0.000088195) compared with all the other field populations, overall log-dose probit bioassays on all field-collected strains of the bollworm showed no resistance to the pyrethroid (RFs?=?0.04–0.54-fold). Tetranychus spp. showed very low levels of resistance (RFs?=?1.26–2.00-fold). Continuous monitoring of major cotton pests, especially H. armigera and Tetranychus spp., from all cotton districts of Zimbabwe is vital for early detection of resistance development.     

Modeling Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damages on cotton

We studied and modeled damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera larvae on cotton with the aim of developing a coupled crop pest model. Two damage components were studied: the voracity (quantity of fresh matter and number of organs consumed) and feeding preferences (type of organ infested). The laboratory no-choice study of voracity on excised squares and bolls revealed that an H. armigera larva consumes 2,856 mg of fresh matter throughout its larval life, with the sixth instar consuming 86% of this quantity. This consumption rate corresponded to 23.6 squares, or 7.8 bolls. We developed equations to predict the quantity of fresh matter uptake from an individual plant organ, according to the organ mass and the larval instar. The field study of feeding preference confirmed previous findings that larvae prefer squares to bolls, with this preference decreasing as the larval age increases. However, no significant relationship was noted between the age of larvae and the size of infested organs within each organ class (square or boll). We developed a logistic model to predict the probability of a larva infesting a boll rather than a square. According to this model, the relative organ availability in the field and the larval instar were found to be significant factors.     

棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)FK506结合蛋白基因的克隆、表达与纯化

为了深入了解FK506结合蛋白基因的作用和探索调控棉铃虫CYP6B6的表达机制,基于单酵母杂杂交结果采用RT-PCR的方法从棉铃虫的中肠cDNA中扩增得到了FK506结合蛋白基因,将测序正确的目的片段克隆至原核表达载体pET32a中,在大肠杆菌BL21中用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖(IPTG)诱导表达,通过镍柱离子亲和层析纯化目的蛋白。用SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白的表达和纯化结果,并用Western blotting进行验证。结果表明,克隆得到的目的基因大小为327 bp,编码108个氨基酸残基,预测蛋白质分子量和等电点分别是11.78 kD和7.87。氨基酸序列分析表明该序列具有完整的开放阅读框,且没有信号肽。重组质粒pET32a-FKBP在大肠杆菌BL21中获得表达,主要以可溶性形式存在,经亲和层析柱纯化获得目的蛋白,Western blotting检测发现纯化的目的蛋白大小正确且纯度高。     

河北省棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera Huebner）种群数量的气象综合预报方法的研究

为了客观地反映棉铃虫种群数量变化与气候背景的关系规律,创建了棉铃虫气象多时段综合因子的因子组建方法;建立了贡献度权重修正的气象距离指标方法和模型;匹配以传统的多元回归模型,进行棉铃虫种群数量的气象监测和预报;将其自然生物潜能和气象条件影响相结合,建立了棉铃虫灾害的生物气象定量综合预报模型,在棉铃虫发生的气象条件评价和发生程度预测预报应用中,趋势准确率达到93％。