Intraperitoneal transplantation of Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells after fine needle aspiration from tumor bearing rats organs

The authors tested the ability of scattered tumor cells to re-form a tumor in vivo. Disseminated tumor cells are morphologically visible stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa in the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen of Yoshida ascites tumor bearing rats. Free tumor cells can easily be fine needle aspirated from those organs and injected in syngeneic Wistar rats. All the host rats show ascites tumor take after intraperitoneal transplantation of each aspirated sample. This biological model might be useful to study in vivo a wide range of properties of neoplastic and non-neoplastic host cells.     

Cervicovaginal and endometrial cytology in ovarian cancer

The clinical significance of cytologic examination was studied in 114 patients with ovarian cancer who had received preoperative cytologic examinations. The overall positive rate of the cytologic examinations was 26.3% (30 of 114): 22 (19.3%) of the 114 cases had positive cervicovaginal smears while 13 of 31 endometrial aspiration smears (41.9%) were positive. The positive rate was not related to the volume of ascites but rather to its presence or absence. Thus, if ascites was observed, the positive rate was about 2.1 times higher than if it was absent. In two of four cases of ovarian cancer with no endometrial invasion but a positive cytologic examination of ascitic fluid, fallopian tube specimens contained cancer cells; this suggests that ovarian cancer cells may reach the cervix and/or vagina by passing through the fallopian tube, particularly if ascites is present. Since cytologic examination, especially of endometrial aspiration smears, shows a high positive rate if ovarian cancer cells are observed in the abdominal cavity, cytology should be used as an important ancillary method for the assessment of ovarian cancer.     

Improvement of pituitary homograft under the kidney capsule in mice]

The model of hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary homografts under the kidney capsule has been used mainly in the field of reproductive physiology. The authors report an improved method for pituitary grafting in mice. The procedure was as follows: 1. The male pituitary glands with normal saline were aspirated into a polyethylene tube. 2. Two incisions were made in the kidney capsule. 3. The polyethylene tube with pituitary glands was inserted via a large incision. 4. Blowing air into the tube, the pituitary glands were left under the kidney capsule and normal saline streamed out of a small incision. Using this method, all pituitary grafted mice became pseudopregnant.     

CT-guided stereotactic aspiration of intracerebral hematoma--result of a hematoma-lysis method using urokinase

CT-guided stereotactic aspiration was performed in the CT room on 97 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hematomas, using a standard ventricular cannula. Residual hematomas were liquefied by urokinase and aspirated through the drainage tube. Major and minor rebleeding were seen in 7 cases. Two out of the 4 major rebleeding cases were followed by craniotomy, while the other cases were treated conservatively. More than 80% of the hematomas were aspirated in 68 cases, 50-70% in 19 cases and 30-40% in 6 cases. Operation in the CT room and hematoma lysis with urokinase is very useful for the aspiration of intracerebral hematomas.     

The inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA sythesis in Yoshida ascites cells by bovine follicular fluid.

Follicular fluid aspirated from large cow follicles inhibits endogenous, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in Yoshida ascites cells. The inhibitory component of follicular fluid is probably a protein and appears to affect specifically the activity of the nucleoplasmic polymerase II.     

Spontaneous Pneumothorax in the Newborn

Spontaneous pneumothorax can occur in the newborn infant and if not recognized may have fatal consequences. It should be suspected in any infant in respiratory distress. It may be caused by over-enthusiastic attempts at resuscitation with pressure breathing apparatus, but more often it occurs spontaneously. In the latter instance it is probably due to occlusion of some of the smaller air passages by aspirated meconium. The patient with a small pneumothorax and only moderate distress may recover completely with no treatment other than observation in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. If considerable distress persists, continuous drainage of the pneumothorax should be provided by means of an intercostal drain and an underwater seal.     

Preparation of Bone Marrow Sections

It is possible to prepare in the following manner sections of aspirated bone marrow suitable for staining by the majority of conventional methods. The aspirated marrow is ejected into a small test tube containing 0.5 mg heparin powder. At any convenient time during the next hour the material is poured into a watch glass, and the individual marrow particles, free from excess blood, transferred by means of a thin pointed plastic rod to a jar containing 10-15 ml of fixative. Any of the commonly employed fixatives may be used. After not less than 1 hr, the marrow particles are poured onto filter paper from which they are removed to a test tube containing 70% ethanol. During dehydration with absolute ethanol, clearing with two changes of chloroform and embedding in paraffin wax, the particles remain in the tube. After cooling, the tube is broken and the material, found at the apex of the round-ended block, is readily accessible for cutting. Concentration is sufficient to allow the whole sample to be studied in a small number of serial sections. Experience has shown that these sections are equally satisfactory for the study of morphology, cytology, or mineral content.     

Volume and acidity of residual gastric fluid after oral fluid ingestion before elective ambulatory surgery.

We studied 211 unselected, healthy, adult patients scheduled to undergo elective ambulatory surgery to determine whether the volume or pH of gastric fluid at induction of anesthesia is correlated with the duration of the preoperative fluid fast. Patients were instructed that they must not eat any solid food after midnight but that they were permitted to drink 150 ml of tea, coffee, apple juice or water until 3 hours before their scheduled time of surgery. Patients with gastric disorders and those taking medications that affect gastric motility or secretion were excluded. No premedicant drugs were given. Following induction of general anesthesia the gastric fluid was aspirated through an orogastric tube, its volume recorded and its pH measured with a calibrated pH meter. The patients were retrospectively assigned to one of four groups according to the interval from last fluid ingestion until induction of anesthesia (less than 3 hours, 3 to 4.9 hours, 5 to 8 hours and nothing after midnight). The mean values and extremes for gastric fluid volume and pH were similar in the four groups. We conclude that healthy patients should be allowed to ingest fluid until 3 hours before elective ambulatory surgery.     

Combined carcinoembryonic antigen and cytopathologic examination in ascites

OBJECTIVE: To investigate use of the combined carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test and cytopathologic examination to improve the diagnosis of neoplastic vs. nonneoplastic ascites. STUDY DESIGN: The tests were performed prospectively on 130 patients with ascites whose effusions were submitted for cytologic examination. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients had epithelial tumors, and the cytologic examination was positive in 39 (58.2%). The CEA level was > or = 11.0 ng/mL in 36 patients (53.73%). CEA was helpful in the diagnosis in 18 cases, increasing to 57 (85.07%) the number of positive diagnoses. Eight samples of nonepithelial tumors had low levels of CEA. In 55 patients with nonneoplasic ascites the cytopathologic examination was negative, but the CEA assay was > 11.0 ng/mL in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: The cytopathologic examination should be performed in all cases, and the CEA assay should be done in suspected cases of epithelial neoplasia in which the cytologic examination was negative, there was uncertainty about the histologic type of neoplasia, or a diagnosis of nonepithelial neoplasia was made. When ascitic leukocytosis or hepatic failure is present, one should be cautious in interpreting the CEA assay because false positivity can occur.     

Endotracheal tube cuff pressure in three hospitals, and the volume required to produce an appropriate cuff pressure

BACKGROUND: Cuff pressure in endotracheal (ET) tubes should be in the range of 20-30 cm H2O. We tested the hypothesis that the tube cuff is inadequately inflated when manometers are not used. METHODS: With IRB approval, we studied 93 patients under general anesthesia with an ET tube in place in one teaching and two private hospitals. Anesthetists were blinded to study purpose. Cuff pressure in tube sizes 7.0 to 8.5 mm was evaluated 60 min after induction of general anesthesia using a manometer connected to the cuff pilot balloon. Nitrous oxide was disallowed. After deflating the cuff, we reinflated it in 0.5-ml increments until pressure was 20 cmH2O. RESULTS: Neither patient morphometrics, institution, experience of anesthesia provider, nor tube size influenced measured cuff pressure (35.3 +/- 21.6 cmH2O). Only 27% of pressures were within 20-30 cmH2O; 27% exceeded 40 cmH2O. Although it varied considerably, the amount of air required to achieve a cuff pressure of 20 cmH2O was similar with each tube size. CONCLUSION: We recommend that ET cuff pressure be set and monitored with a manometer.     

Use of silica gel polymer for DNA extraction with organic solvents

Phenol and chloroform are the standard solvents used for DNA extraction. These solvents aid in the removal of protein and lipid from crude or partially purified cell extracts. Although the procedure is well established, the solvents are noxious, caustic, and unpleasant. We describe in this paper the use of a special blood collection tube to isolate the offensive organic solvents. With the use of silica gel polymer containing tubes, phenol, phenol:chloroform, or chloroform can be separated from the DNA containing aqueous phase in a rapid and safe manner. The method permits higher yields of DNA since the DNA is poured from the tube rather than aspirated with pipet.     

肝硬化患者无菌腹水中真菌DNA的检测及易位研究

目的检测和分析肝硬化患者无菌腹水中真菌DNA存在状况。方法选取118例无菌腹水的肝硬化患者为研究对象,分别采集患者刚入院时的腹水、血液和粪便标本。应用PCR技术直接检测标本的真菌DNA并克隆测序。并收集患者临床资料,对患者临床症状及检验结果进行分析比较。结果1名患者的腹水、血液、粪便中同时检测到真菌DNA,14名患者的腹水和粪便中同时检测到真菌DNA,3名患者的血液和粪便中同时检测到真菌DNA,大部分序列间的相似性高于99％。测序检测到最多的菌种为Candidaalbicans。结论肝硬化患者无菌腹水中能够检测到真菌DNA,并且提示在肝硬化患者腹水和血清中检测到的真菌DNA易位于肠道。     

自制滴水双套管持续负压引流技术应用于全胃切除术后的效果评价

目的：目前全胃切除术术后患者腹腔引流多数是放置普通单管引流,然而术后预防性放置滴水双套管的价值还存在争议。现对滴水双套管应用于全胃切除术后腹腔引流的效果进行系统评价。方法：选取我院2011年9月-2013年9月开腹全胃切除患者100例为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组术毕放置两根滴水双套管,左右各一根,对照组常规放置普通橡胶引流管两根,比较两组术后退烧药物应用次数,平均每日引流量,腹腔感染发生率,置管时间,术后平均住院时间,严重并发症发生率。结果：对照组50例患者中,有1例出现十二指肠残端瘘合并腹腔出血。1例切口感染,3例腹腔积液。实验组50例中,有1例出现胃食管吻合口瘘并切口感染。术后前7天应用退烧药物（体温超过38.5摄氏度时应用）的平均次数（1.85±1.10）d,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。平均每日引流量（145.50±15.45）ml,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。平均拔管时间（9.90±2.75）d,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。平均术后住院时间（13.98±2.09）d,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,吻合口瘘发生率两组无差异。结论：对于全胃切除患者,术后预防性放置滴水双套管,可明显减轻术后腹腔积液产生的体温升高,缩短住院时间,有效防止腹腔感染的发生,虽不能降低严重并发症的发生率,但可以起到及时发现及时处理的作用,避免二次手术。值得在临床上推广。     

Effect of Different Positions of Bordered Pit Torus in Yezo Spruce on Its Permeability

The green wood of yezo species (Picea jezoensis var. komarovii (V. Vassil.) Cheng et L. K. Fu) was treated with air drying and ethanol exchange drying and by soaking the air-dried wood in water followed by ethanol change drying. The results showed that the proportion of aspirated pits in the respective earlywood and latewood of the air-dried sapwood was increased to 99% and 81%, while that of heartwood was also as high as 97% and 86% because most of the bordered pits were aspirated at its green state. The permeability of air-dried sapwood and heartwood was as low as 0.114 and 0.045 darcy respectively. The proportion of aspirated pits in the earlywood and latewood of sapwood after ethanol exchange drying was very low (8% and 17% respectively), whereas that of heartwood was very high (97% and 86% respectively) since most of the pits in it were aspirated at its green state, so the ethanol exchange drying failed to prevent pit aspiration. The permeability of sapwood and heartwood after ethanol exchange drying was 11.713 and 0.074 darcy respectivly, which was increased 101.5 times and 62.0% over the permeability at air-dried state. t-test showed that the difference of permeability of ethanol exchange drying versus air drying for sapwood was very significant at the level of 0.1%, but was not significant for heartwood. The proportion of aspirated pits in earlywood and latewood of air-dried sapwood and heartwood after soaking in water followed by ethanol exchange drying was decreased by 18% and 22%, and 0 and 17%, respectively, while the permeability of sapwood and heartwood was 0.439 and 0.060 darcy respectively, which was increased by 85% and 49% respectively. The permeability difference of soaking sapwood and heartwood versus their controls was very significant at the 0.1% level by t-test.     

Boar sperm thawing practices: the number of straws does matter

The number of straws thawed has been largely neglected in reports of boar sperm cryopreservation. Whereas previous studies confirm the effect of sperm concentration on function and survival of thawed boar spermatozoa, it is still unknown whether, for a same concentration, total number of sperm in the thawing solution affects its mechanics. The present trial sought to define good boar sperm thawing practices by checking if a minimal number of straws as well as the percentage of air volume in the thawing tube should be stated or not to decrease variability from one trial to another. In a first assay, three tubes with different numbers of thawed straws were compared in terms of motility and membrane integrity: control (C, four straws), T1.1 (two straws), and T1.2 (one straw). In a second parallel assay, the sperm motility was evaluated when one straw was thawed in a tube containing 86.67% of air volume (T2.1), and when the tube contained < 1% air volume (T2.2). In all treatments the final concentration of sperm in Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) was 1:3 (v:v) and quality parameters were assessed 4 h after thawing. Results showed the number of straws does affect motility parameters but not the membrane integrity, whereas less air volume in the tube nonsignificantly minimizes data deviation among replicates. In conclusion, it is recommended the use of four straws at 1:3 (v:v) to maintain motility records in boar sperm thawing practices as well as to be provided with vials that fit the sperm volume.     

Portal hypertension complicating myelofibrosis: reversal following splenectomy.

Portal hypertension occurs in approximately 10% of patients with myelofibrosis. Increased portal blood flow secondary to splenomegaly has been proposed to explain its development. In a 60-year-old woman with proven myelofibrosis of 10 years'' duration and gross splenomegaly, portal hypertension developed with esophageal varices and ascites. There was no demonstrable obstruction to portal blood flow. Following splenectomy the ascites and esophageal varices disappeared. Despite the presence of splenic myeloid metaplasia, splenectomy did not impair the patient''s hematologic status. Portal hypertension complicating myelofibrosis has a poor prognosis, so careful attention should be given to its detection. Splenectomy may be preferable to portal-systemic shunting in the management of this complication.     

Nosocomial Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: Two Cases with a Temporal Relationship

Mucormycosis is an unusual fungal infection that usually affects immunosuppressed patients. Small outbreaks of mucormycosis have been previously reported. We present two clinical cases of fatal rhinocerebral mucormycosis with a close temporal relationship between them and a possible nosocomial transmission: case 1 was a 75-year-old male with diabetes and COPD, treated with antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids, who developed rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Case 2 was an 88-year-old woman who was treated with systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids and developed the same infection after insertion of a nasogastric tube. Both patients concurred at the same time in our hospital, and healthcare staff was common to both of them. These cases, along with previously reported cases, highlight that, although infrequent, transmission of the fungus in the hospital environment is a real possibility that should be taken into account in order to initiate contact and air isolation precautions that could avoid nosocomial transmission of this infection.     

Clinical and cytologic aspects of primary fallopian tube carcinoma. A report of ten cases

The clinical and cytologic findings in ten cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma, a very rare malignancy, are presented. All ten patients had vaginal pool (V), cervical (C), endocervical (E) and endometrial aspiration (EA) smears examined preoperatively; peritoneal smears were also prepared from cul-de-sac fluid aspirated during surgery. In the preoperative cytodiagnosis, some of V, C, E and EA smears were positive for malignant cells in six of the ten patients (60%). Examination of the EA smear was the most effective means of discovering this disease. A watery discharge was noted in two patients, both of whom were negative in the preoperative cytodiagnosis. In such patients, it is necessary to repeat the smear examinations. The cytologic appearance of this disease is contrasted to that of endometrial carcinoma.     

B超检查对腹水病人的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨B超检查对腹水病人的诊断价值。方法对我院2004年7月至2011年7月期间,被B超检查出腹水的358例患者临床资料及其声像图表现进行回顾性分析。结果肝硬化腹水244例、结核性腹水38例、癌性腹水66例、心源性少量腹水10例。结论超声检查能及时准确地为各种腹水患者做出诊断或提供诊断依据,提高了术前诊断符合率,超声检查已成为各种腹水患者必不可少的检查手段。