丝状真菌表达分泌系统中受体菌的构建

黑曲霉糖化酶高产菌株T21经紫外诱变后, 通过酪蛋白平板和蛋白酶活性测定筛选出胞外酸性蛋白酶活力仅为原株076%的菌株A.nigerT21-201,其生长特性和产糖化酶活力与原株基本一致。利用原生质体PEG法将含有报告基因vhb的表达分泌质粒Pgt10-vhb通过与选择标记质粒的共转化导入此蛋白酶部分缺陷株及其原株T21,检测在蛋白酶缺陷株Aspergillus niger T21-201 和原株T21中VHb的分泌表达,结果表明在A.nigerT21-201中VHb表达水平显著高于原株,但Northern blot却显示在两菌株中^vnb基因的转录水平近似,由此证明酸性蛋白酶缺陷对保护外源蛋白产生了显著效果。      

具有高谷胱甘肽合成活性重组大肠杆菌的构建及合成反应过程

以野生型大肠杆菌E.coliⅡ为宿主细胞,转化带有编码谷胱甘肽合成酶系的基因gshⅠ和gshⅡ的质粒pGH501,获得了一株谷胱甘肽合成活性、质粒稳定性和传代稳定性俱佳,并且能够重复使用的重组大肠杆菌E.coliⅡ\|1。该菌株经过甲苯处理后,能够在胞外积累4g/L左右的谷胱甘肽(GSH)。在合成反应体系中,提高L谷氨酸浓度可促进GSH合成,但L半胱氨酸浓度增大到20mmol/L后会抑制GSH的合成。根据GSH合成反应中能量辅因子的变化情况,提出E.coliⅡ\|1细胞控制的GSH合成反应机理：由谷胱甘肽合成酶(GSHⅡ)控制的第二步反应的能量供体是ADP而非ATP,该反应是整个GSH合成反应的限速步骤,高浓度ADP可能会抑制GSHⅡ的活性。在GSH合成反应体系中添加100mmol/L的L丝氨酸-硼酸钾混合物,可以有效地防止GSH的进一步降解,反应3 h后,GSH产量达到230mmol/L(约71g/L)。     

点状产气单胞菌脯氨酰内肽酶基因的克隆与表达

用活性筛选法从产气单胞菌点状亚种ST7833 (Aeromonas puctata subsp.puctata ST7833)的基因组中克隆了脯氨酰内肽酶 (Prolyl Endopeptidase,简称apPEP)的基因,测定了含有PEP基因的33kb DNA片段的序列,第202092bp编码了690个氨基酸组成的脯氨酰内肽酶,经检索是一种新的PEP基因。并构建了一株组成性高效表达PEP的基因工程菌BL21/pGEMPEP。BL21/pGEMPEP在 YH培养基中apPEP的表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%左右,活力是野生菌的112倍,表达产物主要为可溶性的胞内蛋白,约5%分泌到胞外。非还原SDSPAGE显示为单体,分子量为76kD,与基因序列预测的分子量一致。试管培养后纯化得到了纯度大于90%的重组脯氨酰内肽酶,比活力为67U/mg。     

缺失氨肽酶N的变铅青链霉菌的构建和鉴定*

用PCR方法扩增变铅青链霉菌 (Streptomyceslividans)TK2 4氨肽酶N基因 ,体外插入卡那霉素抗性基因进行失活 ,然后利用不含链霉菌复制起点的重组质粒 pPEPN KAN进行同源重组 ,获得了氨肽酶N缺失的菌株PEPN- 。突变株的胞外氨肽酶N活性与原株基本相同 ,而胞内氨肽酶N的活性明显低于原株 ,为原株的 42.5± 5.7%。     

假单胞菌株M18gacA基因对BHL和HHL合成正调控及对PCA合成负调控无相关性

经初步鉴定,假单胞菌株(Pseudomonas sp.)M18至少能产生5种N酰基高丝氨酸内酯类(Nacylhomoserine lactones,AHLs）信号分子,它们是：N丁酰高丝氨酸内酯(NbutyrylLhomoserine lactone,C4HSL,BHL)、N己酰高丝氨酸内酯(NhexanoylLhomoserine lactone,C6HSL,HHL)、N3氧己酰高丝氨酸内酯［N(3oxohexanoyl)Lhomoserine lactone,3OxoC6HSL,OHHL］、N3氧辛酰高丝氨酸内酯［N(3oxooctanoyl)Lhomoserine lactone,3-OxoC8HSL,OOHL］和N3氧癸酰高丝氨酸内酯［N(3oxodecanoyl)Lhomoserine lactone,3OxoC10HSL,ODHL)。在gacA突变菌株M18G中,信号分子的积累量明显减少,且只能检测出其中的4种;同时,吩嗪1羧酸(Phenazine1carboxylic acid,PCA)的合成量比野生株M18提高了2倍左右。在M18菌株中,基因rhlⅠ的编码产物参与BHL和HHL的合成。构建rhlI''lacZ翻译融合表达质粒pMEIZ,分别导入野生株M18和突变株M18G,突变株M18G的半乳糖苷酶活性比野生株M18下降约40%,表明GacA对基因rhlI的表达具有正调控作用。但是,在野生株M18和突变株M18G的发酵液中,分别或同时添加过量的外源BHL和HHL,对PCA合成的影响不显著,表明在突变株M18G中,PCA合成量的增加与BHL和HHL合成量的减少没有明显的相关性。     

大肠杆菌胸腺嘧啶合成酶thyA缺失突变菌株的构建

大肠杆菌K12 DY330菌株的染色体上整合有一种新型的同源重组系统——缺陷型λ原噬菌体同源重组系统。以DY330为出发菌,通过同源重组构建大肠杆菌thyA-株DY330TI,其基因组特点是：thyA基因除保留N端的1～49氨基酸残基相对应的必需核苷酸序列外,将其余部分全部缺失;此外,还敲除了DY330TI中与缺陷型λ原噬菌体同源重组功能相关的基因,从而尽可能避免了通过同源重组产生回复突变的可能性。通过大肠杆菌thyA基因对该突变株的转化实验,检测转化子的回复突变率,进一步证实该突变株的突变性状稳定,为构建以thyA为选择标志的大肠杆菌染色体质粒平衡致死系统提供了合适的缺陷型宿主菌。     

缺失氨肽酶N的变铅青链霉菌的构建和鉴定

用PCR方法扩增变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividans)TK24氨肽酶N基因,体外插入卡那霉素抗性基因进行失活,然后利用不含链霉菌复制起点的重组质粒pPEPN-KAN进行同源重组,获得了氨肽酶N缺失的菌株PEPN-.突变株的胞外氨肽酶N活性与原株基本相同,而胞内氨肽酶N的活性明显低于原株,为原株的42.5±5.7%.     

假单胞菌M18转录调节因子σS基因与无启动子lacZ 基因融合突变株的构建和鉴定

通过菌落原位杂交和Southern 杂交,从假单胞菌M18基因组文库中克隆了rpoS基因及相邻序列。为了深入研究影响rpoS基因表达的调控因素,运用同源重组技术,将无启动子β半乳糖苷酶基因（′lacZ）插入并融合于rpoS基因中,构建了假单胞菌M18 rpoS基因突变株M18SZ。 Miller法测定显示,突变株M18SZ的β-半乳糖苷酶可高达480U,而野生株检测不到β半乳糖苷酶活性。表明,突变株中的rpoS基因与无启动子β-半乳糖苷酶基因已融合并且表达。在KMB培养基中生长量测定（OD600）的结果表明,突变株与野生株生长存在显著差异。     

枯草芽胞杆菌突变株ZC-7中性蛋白酶催化区域氨基酸突变导致其活力提高

目的：探讨枯草芽胞杆菌突变株ZC-7高产中性蛋白酶的原因。方法：用PCR方法分别扩增突变株ZC-7与出发菌株枯草芽胞杆菌AS1．398产中性蛋白酶的编码基因,测序比较二者基因的不同;在CPHmodels Server网站进行氨基酸序列分析,模拟突变前后中性蛋自酶的二级结构。结果：对比结果显示成熟肽中有5个氨基酸位点发生突变,其中3个位于酶的催化区域内;从预测的二级结构模型上可以看到突变位点所处区域的折叠结构发生细微变化。结论：先前研究中发现枯草芽胞杆菌AS1．398和突变株ZC-7发酵液中的酶蛋白含量基本相同,因此推测高产的原因不是酶量的增加,而是突变的氨基酸使酶与底物结合的部位更加适合催化水解反应,从而提高其比活力。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT1520杀虫晶体蛋白基因的属性

通过Southern杂交发现高毒力苏云金芽胞杆菌(\%Bacillus thuringiensis)\% YBT1520菌株含有两个杀虫晶体蛋白基因片段,其5’末端所在HindⅢ片段分别为68kb和46kb,它们对应的基因分别命名为cry218和cry46。经PCR鉴定,该菌含有cry1Aa\,cry1Ab和cry1Ac基因,以及cry2基因,其中cry218属于cry1Ac。分析了cry218基因4190bp的核苷酸序列,在杀虫晶体蛋白基因分类系统中被命名为cry1Ac10。结合Southern杂交和PCR结果可判断3个cry1A基因的拷贝数不同,其中cry1Ac拷贝数最高,YBT1520菌株与其它库斯塔克亚种的杀虫晶体蛋白基因所在限制性内切酶位置明显不同。     

西瓜wml1 5'端启动子区域对番茄的遗传转化及其转录调控功能研究

根据wml1 5’端启动子区域内部的限制性酶切位点,分离得到长度分别为1573bp、1197bp、896bp、795bp的片段,并与GUS基因融合构成转录融合体。用农杆菌介导法将这些片段转入番茄中,对转基因植株进行GUS活性分析,发现1573bp、1197bp、896bp的片段都能诱导GUS在授粉后15天、30天、45天的番茄果实中表达,且表达强度随果实发育而增强,而在叶片、茎、根中未检测到GUS基因表达。而795bp的片段转化的植株中则未检测到GUS基因表达。推定857bp至957bp之间的序列中包含了启动子行使正常功能必需的元件。     

BX-795 inhibits neuroblastoma growth and enhances sensitivity towards chemotherapy

High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) represents a major clinical challenge in pediatric oncology due to relapse of metastatic, drug-resistant disease, and treatment-related toxicities. An analysis of 1235 primary NB patient dataset revealed significant increase in AKT1 and AKT2 gene expression with cancer stage progression. Additionally, Both AKT1 and AKT2 expression inversely correlate with poor overall survival of NB patients. AKT1 and AKT2 genes code for AKT that drive a major oncogenic cell signaling pathway known in many cancers, including NB. To inhibit AKT pathway, we repurposed an antiviral inhibitor BX-795 that inhibits PDK1, an upstream activator of AKT. BX-795 potently inhibits NB cell proliferation and colony growth in a dose-dependent manner. BX-795 significantly enhances apoptosis and blocks cell cycle progression at mitosis phase in NB. Additionally, BX-795 potently inhibits tumor formation and growth in a NB spheroid tumor model. We further tested dual therapeutic approaches by combining BX-795 with either doxorubicin or crizotinib and found synergistic and significant inhibition of NB growth, in contrast to either drug alone. Overall, our data demonstrate that BX-795 inhibits AKT pathway to inhibit NB growth, and combining BX-795 with current therapies is an effective and clinically tractable therapeutic approach for NB.     

黑曲霉3.795glaA基因及其5'调控区的克隆和序列分析

黑曲霉Ｔ２１是由黑曲霉３．７９５经诱变育种获得的糖化酶高产菌株,为阐明其高产的分子机制,由黑曲霉３．７９５克隆了糖化酶结构基因及其５′旁侧序列,并与黑曲霉Ｔ２１的相应序列进行了比较．由黑曲霉３．７９５菌丝体分离染色体ＤＮＡ,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析表明,糖化酶结构基因位于～２．５ｋｂ的ＥｃｏＲⅠ－ＥｃｏＲⅤ染色体ＤＮＡ片段上,在此ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点上游约１．０ｋｂ处有一ＳａｌⅠ位点．为构建糖化酶结构基因及其５′旁侧序列的基因组文库,该染色体ＤＮＡ分别用ＥｃｏＲⅠ＋ＥｃｏＲⅤ和ＥｃｏＲ＋ＳａｌⅠ消化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离并回收长度在１．０ｋｂ左右和２．５ｋｂ左右的ＤＮＡ片段,分别与ｐＵＣ１９载体连接后转化入Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＤＨ５．用原位杂交方法筛选到了携带糖化酶基因编码区及其１５０５ｂｐ５′旁侧序列的阳性克隆．对克隆片段的ＤＮＡ序列进行了测定并与黑曲霉Ｔ２１的相应序列进行了比较,结果表明,在糖化酶基因编码区及其１５０ｂｐ３′非编码区内,未发现碱基差异,但在－３４０～－１５０５的５′上游区内发生了９个位置的碱基变化,包括缺失、插入和替换．这些结果表明,黑曲霉Ｔ２１与３．７９５的糖化酶产量的差异与其结构基因无关,但可能与其     

Bcl2、Fas在人颈椎间盘软骨终板、纤维环及髓核中的表达及意义

目的 检测正常和突出的人颈椎间盘软骨终板、纤维环及髓核中Bcl2、Fas的表达情况,探讨其在各组中不同表达的意义。方法 先将各正常及突出颈椎间盘在解剖显微镜下分出软骨终板、纤维环、髓核并进行苏木精-伊红（HE）染色行形态学观察,再用免疫组化（SABC法）检测Bcl2、Fas在各组中的表达情况,并进行计算机显像系统图像分析。结果 Bcl2的表达在正常颈椎间盘的软骨终板、纤维环、髓核中均高于突出颈椎间盘的各相应组;Fas的表达在正常颈椎间盘的软骨终板、纤维环、髓核中均低于突出颈椎间盘的各相应组;在异常颈椎间盘的软骨终板中Bcl2的表达低于其在纤维环和髓核中的表达（P〈0.01）;Fas的表达高于其在纤维环和髓核中的表达（P〈0.01）;Bcl2及Fas的表达在纤维环和髓核中的差别无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论 细胞凋亡是椎间盘退变的重要原因,且凋亡可能始于软骨终板。     

Mimicking of K+ activation by double mutation of glutamate 795 and glutamate 820 of gastric H+,K+-ATPase

Six double mutants of Glu(795) and Glu(820) present in transmembrane domains 5 and 6 of the alpha-subunit of rat gastric H(+),K(+)-ATPase were generated and expressed with the baculovirus expression system. Five of the six mutants exhibited an SCH 28080-sensitive ATPase activity in the absence of K(+). The activity levels decreased in the following order: E795Q/E820A > E795Q/E820Q > E795Q/E820D congruent with E795A/E820A > E795L/E820Q. The E795L/E820D mutant possessed no constitutive activity. The relative low ATPase activity of the E795L/E820Q mutant is due to its low phosphorylation rate so that the dephosphorylation step was no longer rate-limiting. The constitutively active mutants showed a much lower vanadate sensitivity than the wild-type enzyme and K(+)-sensitive mutants, indicating that these mutants have a preference for the E(1) conformation. In contrast to the constitutively active single mutants generated previously, the double mutants exhibited a high spontaneous dephosphorylation rate at 0 degrees C compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. In addition, the H(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor SCH 28080 increased the steady-state phosphorylation level of the constitutively active mutants, due to the formation of a stable complex with the E(2)-P form. These studies further substantiate the idea that the empty ion binding pockets of some mutants apparently mimic the K(+)-filled binding pocket of the native enzyme.     

Epidermal growth factor-induced rapid retinoblastoma phosphorylation at Ser780 and Ser795 is mediated by ERK1/2 in small intestine epithelial cells

The retinoblastoma protein Rb is critical for the regulation of mammalian cell cycle entry. Hypophosphorylated Rb is considered to be the active form and directs G1 arrest, while hyperphosphorylated Rb permits the transition from G1 to S phase for cell proliferation. Upon stimulation by various growth factors, Rb appears to be phosphorylated by a cascade of phosphorylation events mediated mainly by kinases associated with cyclins D and E. Here we report that in prototype small intestine crypt stem cells (RIEC-6), stimulation with either epidermal growth factor or fetal bovine serum results in an unexpected rapid and sustained Rb phosphorylation at sites Ser780, Ser795, and Thr821 which precedes cyclin D1 expression, cyclin D1/cdk4 complex formation, and cdk4 kinase activity. Rb phosphorylation at Ser780 and Ser795 is prevented by MEK, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, inhibitors. In vitro, Rb is directly phosphorylated by active ERK1/2 as shown by [gamma-32P]ATP labeling. The phosphorylation sites are further directed to Ser780 and Ser795 by kinase assays using recombined active ERK1/2 or immunoprecipitated phospho-ERK1/2 from mitogen stimulated cells. Pull-down assays revealed that Rb interacts with active ERK1/2 but not their inactive unphosphorylated forms. Upon EGF stimulation, phosphorylated ERK1/2 co-immunoprecipitates together with phosphorylated Rb. Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel rapid Rb phosphorylation at specific sites induced by mitogen stimulation in epithelial cells of the small intestine. These data specifically identify ERK1/2 as the kinase responsible for Rb phosphorylation targeted to sites Ser780 and Ser795. It appears that ERK1/2 could be an important link between a mitogenic signal directly to Rb, thereby providing a rapid response mechanism between mitogen stimulation and cell cycle machinery.     

西瓜wml1 5＇端启动子区域对番茄的遗传转化及其转录调控功能研究

根据wml1 5‘端启动子区域内部的限制性酶切位点,分离得到长度分别为1573bp、1197bp、896bp、795bp的片段,并与GUS基因融合构成转录融合体。用农杆菌介导法将这些片段转入番茄中,对转基因植株进行GUS活性分析,发现1573bp、1197bp、896bp的片段都能诱导GUS在授粉后15天、30天、45天的番茄果实中表达,且表达强度随果实发育而增强,而在叶片、茎、根中未检测到GUS基因表达。而795bp的片段转化的植株中则未检测到GUS基因表达。推定857bp至957bp之间的序列中包含了启动子行使正常功能必需的元件。     

Folding of the striated muscle myosin motor domain

We have investigated the folding of the myosin motor domain using a chimera of an embryonic striated muscle myosin II motor domain fused on its COOH terminus to a thermal stable, fast folding variant of green fluorescent protein (GFP). In in vitro expression assays, the GFP domain of the chimeric protein, S1(795)GFP, folds rapidly enabling us to monitor the folding of the motor domain using fluorescence. The myosin motor domain folds very slowly and transits through multiple intermediates that are detectable by gel filtration chromatography. The distribution of the nascent protein among these intermediates is strongly dependent upon temperature. At 25 degrees C and above the predominant product is an aggregate of S1(795)GFP or a complex with other lysate proteins. At 0 degrees C, the motor domain folds slowly via an energy independent pathway. The unusual temperature dependence and slow rate suggests that folding of the myosin motor is highly susceptible to off-pathway interactions and aggregation. Expression of the S1(795)GFP in the C2C12 muscle cell line yields a folded and functionally active protein that exhibits Mg(2+)ATP-sensitive actin-binding and myosin motor activity. In contrast, expression of S1(795)GFP in kidney epithelial cell lines (human 293 and COS 7 cells) results in an inactive and aggregated protein. The results of the in vitro folding assay suggest that the myosin motor domain does not fold spontaneously under physiological conditions and probably requires cytosolic chaperones. The expression studies support this conclusion and demonstrate that these factors are optimized in muscle cells.     

柳蚕S3a基因的鉴定及原核表达分析

采用RT-PCR法克隆了柳蚕S3a基因序列,并通过构建重组质粒,对其进行了原核表达及蛋白纯化。柳蚕S3a基因ORF长度为795bp,编码264个氨基酸,预测蛋白的等电点和分子量大小分别为9．74和30kD。序列比对及进化关系表明,柳蚕S3a蛋白与其他物种S3a蛋白相似度介于71％和97％之间,其中与鳞翅目昆虫的同源性最高。SDS—PAGE和Western blotting结果显示柳蚕S3a在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,分离获得的重组蛋白的纯度较高。