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植物性微生物发酵食品的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
世界各地均有植物性微生物发酵食品,水果、蔬菜、谷类、块根、豆类和油籽都用于发酵食品生产。果蔬发酵的重要之处在于获得能保藏的制品并用作非收获季节的食品供应。谷类和种子可以干制品形式得到良好保藏,延长存放期不是这类食物发酵的主要目的。由发酵引起的生物转化... 相似文献
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兰科菌根真菌研究方法的概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
兰科植物资源在全球分布广泛,其中有许多是重要的药用植物和名贵的珍稀花卉,由于具有较高的商业价值,受到各界人士的广泛关注。兰科植物生长习性的特殊性导致其在自然状态下繁殖率极低,因此难以满足市场的广泛需求。近年研究表明,几乎所有兰科植物都能与相应的菌根真菌建立共生关系,并且必须依赖于这些内生真菌才能完成其整个生活史。因而对菌根真菌在提高兰科植物生长速度和繁殖能力过程中机制的研究以及将研究成果运用于工业化育苗中将是缓解兰科植物市场供求紧张问题的关键。通过对近几年有关天麻和铁皮石斛等兰科植物的问题研究中所采用的研究方法加以阐述,以期对今后兰科菌根真菌的研究提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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羊草是天然草原中重要的物种,对草原环境的改善具有不可代替的重要性。羊草具有耐旱、耐盐碱、抗虫和高营养等生物学特性,这些特性与其体内的内生真菌有直接关系。文中从内生真菌起源、生物学特性、与共生植物的作用及羊草内生真菌研究方面综述了内生真菌的研究现状,并就羊草内生真菌及其生理活性进行综合分析与评述,对未来羊草内生真菌的研究进行展望。 相似文献
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中国传统发酵食品现状与进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 中国传统发酵食品的悠久历史和丰富内涵
说到传统食品.有人也许会立即与“原始”、“落后”、“作坊”、“手工”这些词联系起来,其实这是一个很大的误解。传统食品不仅不意味着原始、落后,它还是每个国家和民族最基本、最重要的营养源食品。因为这里的”传统”并非和“现代”对应.而是和其他国家或民族的食品对应,指的是国人日常习惯的食品,即中国饭、中国菜。 相似文献
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内生真菌对草坪植物病原真菌抑制作用的比较 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
分别从野生牧草羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum (L.) Keng)、栽培种高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)(品种Millennium)、栽培种黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.) (品种Justus)中分离出内生真菌Neotyphodium sp.、N. coenophialum和N. lolli,通过体外培养法比较了这3种内生真菌对草坪植物病原真菌的抑制作用.结果表明,从羽茅中分离的内生真菌Neotyphodium sp.在两菌相交前对所有供试的病原真菌都有一定的抑制作用,其中对枝孢霉属(Cladosporium sp.)、弯孢霉属(Curvularia sp.)和拟茎点属(Phomopsis sp.)病原真菌的抑制效果尤为显著,对峙培养3d后的抑菌率分别达70.1%、52.3%和30.9%,营养竞争作用、重寄生作用是其主要的拮抗机制;从高羊茅中分离的内生真菌N. coenophialum对枝孢霉属病原真菌存在一定的抑制作用;而从黑麦草中分离的内生真菌N. lolli与病原真菌对峙培养时,病原真菌菌落慢慢侵占整个营养空间,内生真菌停止生长并逐渐褐变死亡.体外培养结果说明Neotyphodium sp.对供试病原真菌的拮抗效果优于N. coenophialum和N. lolli,由此推测Neotyphodium sp.与宿主植物羽茅的共生可能有利于宿主植物抵抗病原真菌的侵扰. 相似文献
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玉米作为主要的杂粮谷物,营养价值高,维生素、膳食纤维等含量丰富,可以预防多种亚健康疾病,受到市场追捧。但是玉米粉营养结构不均衡、加工性差,限制其应用。有研究表明,微生物发酵技术可以改善谷物的营养成分、大分子物质结构和加工特性。基于此,利用灵芝固态发酵玉米,得到玉米灵芝菌粮(简称菌粮),从营养成分、大分子物质结构和加工特性3个方面对其进行评价。结果显示,与未发酵玉米相比,菌粮中碳水化合物、蛋白质含量分别提高了748%、28.00%,且蛋白质的氨基酸评分提高,而脂肪含量降低了52.56%;维生素C、核黄素和烟酸含量均显著提高(P<0.05),分别提高了56.19%、73.91%和20.27%,且玉米中缺乏的硫胺素在菌粮中被检测到;菌粮中各类淀粉和纤维的含量也发生了显著变化(P<0.05),淀粉、支链淀粉含量分别降低了11.17%、34.70%,直链淀粉含量提高了26.66%,粗纤维、不溶性膳食纤维含量分别降低了21.07%、21.47%,可溶性膳食纤维含量提高了13.57%;菌粮粉粘度降低,水溶性指数提高,吸水性指数和溶胀力降低;此外,与灵芝子实体相比,菌粮中灵芝三萜和灵芝酸含量均显著提高(P<0.05),分别为灵芝子实体的1.68和2.07倍。灵芝固态发酵玉米得到的玉米灵芝菌粮,营养结构更加均衡,功能活性提高,具有更高的营养价值;大分子物质结构发生改变,加工特性得到改善,冲调特性更好。研究结果为食用菌发酵改良谷物特性的研究提供了参考和指导。 相似文献
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The present study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Chinese traditional fermented buffalo milk. Out of 22 isolates, 11 were putatively identified as LAB preliminarily. A total of six LAB strains displayed strong adhesion to HT-29 cells and all these strains showed preferable tolerance to artificially simulated gastrointestinal juices. WDS-4, WDS-7, and WDS-18 exhibited excellent antioxidant capacities, including DPPH radical, ABTS+ radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activities. Compared with the other two LAB strains, WDS-7 had a stronger inhibition effect on four pathogens. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, WDS-7 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. indicus and selected to assess the potential and safety of probiotics further. The results revealed that WDS-7 strain had a strong capacity for acid production and good thermal stability. WDS-7 strain also possessed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Compared to LGG, WDS-7 was a greater biofilm producer on the plastic surface and exhibited a better EPS production ability (1.94 mg/ml as a glucose equivalent). WDS-7 was proved to be sensitive in the majority of tested antibiotics and absence of hemolytic activity. Moreover, no production of biogenic amines and β-glucuronidase was observed in WDS-7. The findings of this work indicated that L. delbrueckii ssp. indicus WDS-7 fulfilled the probiotic criteria in vitro and could be exploited for further evaluation in vivo. 相似文献
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《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(5):1330-1333
The ability of fungi used in the preparation of fermented soybean foods to metabolize the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein was investigated. A total of 21 fungal strains from dou-chi, miso, sake, soy sauce, and sufu were screened. The genera of the tested fungi included Actinomucor, Aspergillus, Candida, Debaryomyces, Monascus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces, and Zygosaccharomyces. The results were that all tested Aspergillus strains from these soybean foods, including five A. oryzae strains, one A. sojae strain, and one A. tamarii strain, metabolized both daidzein and genistein. In contrast, no other tested fungi from the fermented soybean foods metabolized either daidzein or genistein. The metabolites of daidzein and genistein by Aspergillus strains were identified as 8-hydroxydaidzein and 8-hydroxygenistein, respectively, based on their mass, 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectra. 相似文献
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目的:研究一种以银杏叶、牛蒡提取物为主成分的发酵食品(GBF)对小鼠衰老指标的影响。方法:以D-半乳糖造衰老模型,以每只每天0.5ml剂量的GBF对小鼠灌胃,以不喂GBF的衰老模型小鼠为对照,以正常饲养的小鼠为空白对照(CK),42d后研究其对衰老相关指标组织单胺氧化酶、丙二醛含量、羟脯氨酸含量和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响。结果:喂食GBF的小鼠肝,脑组织中单胺氧化酶的活性比对照降低了36.7%和25.1%,丙二醛含量比对照降低了19%和44.6%。差异达到统计学显著水平(p<0.05);而皮肤组织中羟脯氨酸含量和巨噬细胞吞噬活性分别高于对照28.6%和63.2%,显著高于对照(p<0.05)。结论:GBF具有显著抗衰老活性。 相似文献
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Steinkraus KH 《Biotechnology advances》1983,1(1):31-46
There has been a proliferation of books and papers dealing with the indigenous fermented foods/beverages of the world. It is anticipated that these foods/beverages will play an ever-increasingly important role in feeding both the developing and the developed world as population increases from approximately 4.5 billion to 6 billion by the year 2000 and to 8 to 12 billion people in the 21st century. The indigenous fermented foods consist of microbial protein grown on edible substrates. Microbial or single cell protein (SCP) per se continues to receive research and development attention. It is likely to play an important role in feeding animals in the future when it becomes competitive with soy protein. It may play a direct role in feeding humans in the future after its safety for feeding animals has been adequately demonstrated and it has been shown that it can be processed into foods acceptable to humans. At the present time, mushrooms, a form of microbial protein highly acceptable to humans, which can be grown readily on ligno-cellulosic and other agricultural and food processing wastes, offer considerable opportunity for expanding man's food supply. 相似文献
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外生菌根真菌对杉木的接种效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对商南县2年生杉木苗木进行乳牛肝菌(Suillus bovines)、褐环乳牛肝菌(Suillus luteus)和褐黄牛肝菌(Boletus luridus)3种外生菌根真菌的接种试验.结果显示,外生菌根真菌对杉木苗木成活率、苗高和地径生长均有明显的促进作用,能明显提高苗木的菌根化水平,增加苗木体内叶绿素含量,促进其游离脯氨酸含量的累积,降低丙二醛含量.对不同坡向杉木苗木各项生长指标的分析显示,在杉木人工造林中,阳坡的综合效应明显优于阴坡.乳牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌可作为一种生物肥料,在杉木人工造林中应用. 相似文献