一株地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究Ⅱ.

曾分离到一株产碱性蛋白酶的地衣芽孢杆菌011 ,命名为地衣芽孢杆菌砀山亚种。酶的最适作用条件 :pH9 0 ,6 0℃。对该菌株进行连续 4次不同的物理、化学方法的诱变处理。诱变剂为紫外线、亚硝酸、和低能N⁺离子 ,其处理方式包括单独或复合处理两种。最后获得一株高产碱性蛋白酶的变异株 (C₃₀₃)菌株产酶活力从 725u/mL提高到 12425u/mL。该突变株的最适产酶条件为起始pH8.0～9.0 ,培养温度 32℃～37℃ ,振荡培养时间 44～ 48h。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌M1摇瓶发酵条件优化及脱氮性能评价

旨在提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌M1液体发酵产芽孢量,并考察其对实际废水的反硝化脱氮效果。首先采用单因子实验研究了碳源、氮源、初始pH值、温度、转速和装液量等因子对M1液体发酵产芽孢量的影响。然后对其中显著性因子:氮源浓度、接种量、装液量、温度4个因素进行正交试验,进一步优化发酵条件。结果显示,优化后的培养基成分为:5 g/L碳源(可溶性淀粉)、10 g/L氮源(酵母粉∶蛋白胨=2∶1)、1 g/L NaCl;最佳培养条件为:初始pH6.5、发酵温度34℃、摇床转速180 r/min、培养瓶装液量30%、接种量7%。在此条件下,芽孢杆菌M1芽孢数可达到6.8×108 CFU/mL,高于优化前的2.08×108 CFU/mL。将芽孢杆菌M1投加于反应器中,与不加菌种相比,反硝化脱氮效果提升15%-34%。     

家蚕肠道枯草杆菌产蛋白酶的发酵条件与酶学性质

肠道微生物分泌的蛋白酶可促进家蚕对桑叶养分的消化吸收,枯草芽孢杆菌是家蚕肠道内一种重要的产蛋白酶菌株。为提高枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶的高效利用,对该菌株适宜发酵条件及酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明：各因素对枯草芽孢杆菌产酶活性影响的大小顺序依次为：pH值〉培养温度〉培养时间〉装液量;最适的产酶条件为：pH=7,培养温度：30 ℃,培养时间：36 h;对枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶进行初步提纯后并研究得出该酶反应的最适pH 10.0,最适反应温度为：60 ℃;该酶为碱性蛋白酶、不耐高温、不耐酸,但在35 ℃条件下热稳定性较好。     

一株地衣芽孢杆菌产凝乳酶酶学性质研究

目的：对地衣芽孢杆菌所产凝乳酶的酶学特性进行研究。方法：在不同的温度、pH值、底物浓度、不同金属离子等条件下测定地衣芽孢杆菌产凝乳酶相对酶活力。结果：地衣芽孢杆菌所产凝乳酶最适凝乳温度为70℃;40℃以上热处理后凝乳活性有不同程度的损失,75℃热处理10min后凝乳酶活性丧失;pH值为5～8时凝乳活性随乳pH值的降低而增强,pH值为7时凝乳酶最稳定;Ca2+ 、Fe2+、Fe3+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Al3+对酶活性有一定的促进作用;Li2+、Na+、Cu2+、Zn2+对酶活性有抑制作用;底物浓度最适为250 g/L、Ca2+的最适浓度为0.014 g/L。     

一株地衣芽胞杆菌产碱性蛋白酶条件优化

【背景】碱性蛋白酶是众多芽胞杆菌的发酵产物,是工业上极其重要的一类酶。【目的】利用酪素培养基从环境样品中筛选出一株产碱性蛋白酶的菌株,对传代次数、发酵的碳源、氮源、金属离子、磷酸盐、初始pH、接种量和温度进行优化,提高其产碱性蛋白酶的能力并降低发酵成本。【方法】采用革兰氏染色法、扫描电镜、生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因序列对分离的菌株进行鉴定;采用单因素、Plackett-Burman、最陡爬坡和响应面试验优化碱性蛋白酶的发酵条件,使用Minitab对试验数据进行分析。【结果】经鉴定分离菌株为地衣芽胞杆菌,命名为Bacillus licheniformis NWMCC0046。优化后的发酵培养基组成为（g/L）:豆粕50.00,葡萄糖10.00,酵母浸膏13.46,CaCl₂ 0.50,Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O 4.00,KH₂PO₄ 0.30;优化后的培养条件为:pH 7.5,34.81℃,接种量4.13%。在此条件下,摇瓶发酵48 h时碱性蛋白酶...     

杉木炭疽病拮抗菌AM53的发酵条件优化

旨在优化地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)AM53的发酵条件。通过Plackett-Burman试验筛选到影响AM53活菌数的重要因素为培养温度、初始pH、摇床转速。经最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken试验,获得AM53的最佳发酵条件为培养温度30.5℃,初始pH8,摇床转速185 r/min,接种量为5%,培养24 h。结果显示,在此条件下,OD600平均为1.861,其值与预测值基本相符,说明该模型可信度高,可应用于AM53发酵条件优化。     

高温蛋白酶产生菌的筛选及其产酶条件和酶学性质分析

从徂徕山温泉附近土样中分离到9株产高温蛋白酶菌株,选取一株碱性蛋白酶高产菌株L7为出发菌株,进行显微形态、16S rRNA基因序列分析,将其初步鉴定为短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus sp.)。研究该菌株发酵条件,确定产酶的最佳培养基组成为葡萄糖40 g/L,蛋白胨20 g/L,磷酸氢二钠1.4 g/L,氯化钙0.6 g/L,硫酸镁0.4 g/L,通过培养基优化,酶活达到103.08 U/mL。最佳培养条件为250 mL三角烧瓶中装液量50 mL、pH8.0、培养温度为55℃、培养时间为24 h。对该菌株酶学性质研究,L7菌株所产高温蛋白酶的最适温度为55℃,最适pH为10,并且具有良好的温度稳定性和pH稳定性,酶活性受PMSF强烈抑制。     

D-核糖发酵条件研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis ptn15-1的发酵条件进行优化。采用优化后的培养基对发酵液的pH、发酵温度、摇床转速、接种量、装液量等进行单因素实验。确定发酵最适发酵条件为：pH7.0,发酵温度37℃;摇床转速180r/min,接种量10%,300mL三角瓶装30mL发酵液,发酵时间为68h。在此条件下,该菌的D-核糖产量从31.7g/L提高到43.1g/L,提高了35.9%。     

一株产酸蜡样芽孢菌的筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化

从牛粪中分离得到一株产酸芽孢菌GF1,经鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌,该菌株发酵最低pH值可达到4.25,发酵最终芽孢率可达到90%以上,对该菌株液体发酵培养发现GF1具有良好的生长性能,通过优化培养条件和培养基中的C源、N源,最终确定GF1发酵条件为:发酵液初始pH值7.5,摇床转速220 r/min,培养温度35℃,培养时间48 h,配方为:酵母膏0.5%,蛋白胨0.6%,葡萄糖1.0%,K2HPO4 0.5%,MgSO4 0.02%,MnSO40.08%.     

枯草芽孢杆菌产β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的响应面优化

【目的】采用响应面法(RSM)优化枯草芽孢杆菌5 L发酵罐产β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的发酵条件。【方法】利用Box-Behnken设计和方差分析。【结果】获得最佳发酵条件为:转速、通气量和培养基pH分别为500 r/min、1.05 vvm和5.08,发酵时间仅为22 h产β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶活力达2 294.4 U/mL。【结论】实验结果表明响应面法优化5 L发酵罐发酵产β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的条件合理可行。     

地衣芽胞杆菌培养条件的研究

应用单因素和正交试验设计试验法对地衣芽胞杆菌在摇瓶水平上进行了培养基配方和培养条件的研究。结果表明：最适培养基配方为山芋淀粉1．0％,豆粕0．6％,玉米芯粉0．8％,K2HPO4 0．1％,MgSO40．1％。最适培养条件为37℃,摇床转速150r／min,250mL三角瓶装液50mL,接种量5．0％,振荡培养48h,pH7．0。在20L自动发酵罐中进行了扩大培养试验,考察溶氧对菌体生长的影响,并根据试验结果进一步扩大至1m^3发酵罐,通过控制搅拌速度和通气量,1m^3发酵罐中地衣芽胞杆菌培养液菌浓为7．2×10^9efu／mL,芽胞率达到90％。     

微生物转化浮萍资源生产蛋白酶的条件

利用微生物转化富含蛋白质的浮萍生产蛋白酶,为浮萍的高值化利用开辟一条新途径。在摇瓶转化的基础上,探索在5L发酵罐上沙雷氏菌(Serratiasp.)SYBC H转化浮萍生产蛋白酶的最佳转化条件。通过对温度、通风量、搅拌转速、pH等参数的研究,发现在5L发酵罐上,沙雷氏菌SYBC H转化浮萍生产蛋白酶的最佳条件为通风量6vvm,搅拌转速400r/min,发酵温度30℃。转化过程中,采用全自动控制pH值(9.0),蛋白酶的产量比不控制pH的对照组提高了23.3%。进一步研究发现,利用微生物沙雷氏菌SYBC H转化浮萍生产的蛋白酶具有耐有机溶剂的特性,在某些亲水性有机溶剂中保留90%以上的活性,是一种稀少珍贵的极端酶。     

响应面法对微拟球藻产微藻蛋白的发酵条件优化

以稳定期微藻蛋白浓度为评价指标,利用响应面设计对微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis gaditana)的分批发酵条件进行优化。在单因素试验的基础上,选取温度、p H、搅拌速度及通气量为影响因子,采用四因素三水平的Box-Benhnken中心组合法设计试验。结果表明:微拟球藻的最佳发酵条件为温度30℃、p H 6.9、搅拌速度340 r/min以及通气量0.65 vvm,在此优化条件下得到微藻蛋白浓度为6.18 g/L,与模型预测值基本相符,较优化前提高了9.18%。     

一株凝结芽孢杆菌的分离筛选及产孢条件优化

【背景】凝结芽孢杆菌除了具有一般乳酸菌的益生功能外,还具较强的耐酸、耐胆盐、耐高温、易贮存等生物特性。【目的】从泡菜中筛选一株性能优良的凝结芽孢杆菌用于微生态制剂的制备,并对其产孢率进行优化,为该菌株的进一步工业化生产提供参考依据。【方法】采用选择性培养基通过特定的培养条件,筛选到一株抑菌效果良好的产酸芽孢杆菌,并对其进行特异性引物的鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列分析及生理生化实验。通过单因素及正交试验对菌株的产芽孢条件进行优化。【结果】筛选得到一株凝结芽孢杆菌BC01,该菌株对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli CVCC 1527)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium CVCC 2228)、产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens CVCC 46)、猪霍乱沙门氏菌(Salmonella choleraesuis CVCC 503)等均有较强的抑制作用;模拟胃液处理120 min存活率达到94%;0.3%的胆盐存活率达到84.3%。单因素及正交试验优化后的最适培养基配方:糖蜜10.0 g/L,酵母浸出粉20.0 g/L,NaCl 5.0 g/L,K_2HPO_4 5.0 g/L,MnSO_4 10.0 mg/L;最适培养条件:接种量4%,温度45°C,初始pH 7.0,转速200 r/min,培养时间36 h。在该优化条件下,其活菌数最高达到6.7×10~9 CFU/mL,产孢率达到89.2%。【结论】筛选得到一株可用于微生态制剂的菌株——凝结芽孢杆菌BC01,对其产孢率进行了优化,为工业化生产奠定了基础。     

Effect of bioprocess conditions on growth and alkaline protease production by halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis BA17

The effect of bioprocess conditions (pH and temperature) on the growth and alkaline protease production of halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis BA17 bioreactor cultures have been systematically analyzed using response surface methodology in order to assess the importance of these generally disregarded parameters. Two models were proposed differing by the choice of response variable. Under optimized bioprocess conditions, whole alkaline protease activity was about 3 fold higher than the activities obtained in the preliminary studies. Results of this study not only highlight the importance of pH and temperature for further engineering purposes but also serve as basis for understanding the true mechanism lying under the relation between these process parameters and growth and whole alkaline protease production.     

环境条件对丙酮酸分批发酵的影响

考察了搅拌转速、pH和温度对丙酮酸分批发酵的影响。高转速（500r／min）下,丙酮酸产率较高（71％）,但葡萄糖消耗速度较慢（1．23g／（L·h））;低转速（300r／min）下,细胞消耗葡萄糖的速度加快（1．95g/（L·h））,而丙酮酸产率（0．48％）却明显下降。将搅拌转速恒定在400r／min可在一定程度上获得较高的丙酮酸产率（0．62％）和葡萄糖消耗速度（1．66g／（L·h））。CaCO3调节pH时,较多碳流从丙酮酸节点转向α-酮戊二酸节点和细胞生长,最终丙酮酸产量比NaOH调节pH时的发酵结果低38．7％;NH3·H2O调节pH时最终细胞浓度和丙酮酸产量仅为NaOH调节时的77．8％和90．9％。pH5．5时最利于丙酮酸的合成。较高的发酵温度加速T.glabrata积累丙酮酸,但同时会导致α-酮戊二酸的提前积累;而较低的温度下甘油和α-酮戊二酸积累较少,丙酮酸发酵的最适温度为28～30℃。     

The effect of process conditions on the alpha-amylolytic hydrolysis of amylopectin potato starch: An experimental design approach

The hydrolysis of amylopectin potato starch with Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (Maxamyl) was studied under industrially relevant conditions (i.e. high dry-weight concentrations). The following ranges of process conditions were chosen and investigated by means of an experimental design: pH [5.6-7.6]; calcium addition [0-120 microg/g]; temperature [63-97 degrees C]; dry-weight concentration [3-37% [w/w]]; enzyme dosage [27.6-372.4 microL/kg] and stirring [0-200 rpm]. The rate of hydrolysis was followed as a function of the theoretical dextrose equivalent. The highest rate (at a dextrose equivalent of 10) was observed at high temperature (90 degrees C) and low pH (6). At a higher pH (7.2), the maximum temperature of hydrolysis shifted to a lower value. Also, high levels of calcium resulted in a decrease of the maximum temperature of hydrolysis. The pH, temperature, and the amount of enzyme added showed interactive effects on the observed rate of hydrolysis. No product or substrate inhibition was observed. Stirring did not effect the rate of hydrolysis. The oligosaccharide composition after hydrolysis (at a certain dextrose equivalent) did depend on the reaction temperature. The level of maltopentaose [15-24% [w/w]], a major product of starch hydrolysis by B. licheniformis alpha-amylase, was influenced mostly by temperature.     

Evaluation of various parameters of calcium-alginate immobilization method for enhanced alkaline protease production by Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042 using statistical methods

Calcium-alginate immobilization method for the production of alkaline protease by Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042 was optimized statistically. Four variables, such as sodium-alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration, inoculum size and agitation speed were optimized by 2(4) full factorial central composite design and subsequent analysis and model validation by a second-order regression equation. Eleven carbon, 11 organic nitrogen and seven inorganic nitrogen sources were screened by two-level Plackett-Burman design for maximum alkaline protease production by using optimized immobilized conditions. The levels of four variables, such as Na-alginate 2.78%; CaCl(2), 2.15%; inoculum size, 8.10% and agitation, 139 rpm were found to be optimum for maximal production of protease. Glucose, soybean meal and ammonium sulfate were resulted in maximum protease production at 644 U/ml, 720 U/ml, and 806 U/ml when screened for carbon, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sources, respectively, using optimized immobilization conditions. Repeated fed batch mode of operation, using optimized immobilized conditions, resulted in continuous operation for 12 cycles without disintegration of beads. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope images have shown the growth pattern of B. licheniformis in Ca-alginate immobilized beads.     

Production of alkaline protease by entrapped Bacillus licheniformis cells in repeated batch process

In this study, Bacillus licheniformis cells were immobilized by entrapment in calcium alginate beads and were used for production of alkaline protease by repeated batch process. In order to increase the stability of the beads, the immobilization procedure was optimized by statistical full factorial method, by which three factors including alginate type, calcium chloride concentration, and agitation speed were studied. Optimization of the enzyme production medium, by the Taguchi method, was also studied. The obtained results showed that optimization of the cell immobilization procedure and medium constituents significantly enhanced the production of alkaline protease. In comparison with the free-cell culture in pre-optimized medium, about 7.3-fold higher productivity was resulted after optimization of the overall procedure. Repeated batch mode of operation, using optimized conditions, resulted in continuous production of the alkaline protease for 13 batches in 19 days.     

纺锤芽孢杆菌CGMCC1347发酵生产异丁香酚单加氧酶的条件优化

对从土壤中筛选获得的纺锤芽孢杆菌CGMCCl347生产异丁香酚单加氧酶的发酵条件进行了单因素考察及正交实验优化,确定了最适的发酵摇瓶培养基组成和培养条件。在发酵培养基组成为尿素1g／L,玉米浆55g/L,K2HP042g／L,MgSO4·7H2O1g／L,初始pH7．5,发酵温度37℃,摇床转速180r／min的条件下培养16h获得的细胞,能转化2％的异丁香酚生成2．49g／L香兰素,异丁香酚单加氧酶酶活达3．79U／L。