Taxonomy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Koeberlinia</Emphasis> (Koeberliniaceae)

Koeberlinia has a natural amphitropical distribution that includes the deserts of central Bolivia, northern Mexico, and the southwestern United States. Despite the long recognition of only one species, K. spinosa, field, herbarium, and SEM studies support the recognition of two species. Koeberlinia spinosa of northern Mexico and adjacent United States is recognized to consist of three varieties: K. spinosa var. spinosa of northeastern Mexico and the adjacent United States, K. spinosa var. tenuispina of the Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona, adjacent California, and northwestern Mexico, and K. spinosa var. wivaggii from south central Texas and northern Mexico to Arizona, which is described as new. Koeberlina holacantha, endemic to the deserts of Bolivia, is proposed as new.     

Bilingualism and Bilingual Education in the United States

Bilingual Education for Hispanic Students in the United States . Joshua A. Fishman and Gary D. Keller , eds. New York: Teachers College Press, 1982. x + 502 pp. $18.95 (paper).
Bilingualism and Language Contact: Spanish, English, and Native American Languages . Florence Barkin, Elizabeth A. Brandt , and Jacob Ornstein-Galicia , eds. New York: Teachers College Press, 1982. xiii + 320 pp. $24.95 (cloth).
Spanish in the United States: Sociolinguistic Aspects . Jon Amastae and Lucia Elias-Olivares , eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. x + 434 pp. $14.00 (paper).
The New Bilingualism: An American Dilemma . Martin Ridge , ed. Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by Center for Study of the American Experience. The Annenberg School of Communications, University of Southern California, May 1980. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Press, 1981. 272 pp. $20.00 (cloth).     

Trichinella infection in wildlife of the southwestern United States.

Several potential mammalian reservoirs of sylvatic species of Trichinella were examined from Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. During 1998-99, tongues were collected from a black bear (Ursus americanus) in Arizona; from 9 black bears, a coyote (Canis latrans), and a mountain lion (Felis concolor) in New Mexico; and from 154 coyotes, 32 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 13 opossums (Didelphis marsupialis), 4 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), 3 bobcats (Lynx rufus), and 5 feral hogs (Sus scrofa) in southern Texas. Larvae of Trichinella murrelli were identified by a multiple-polymerase chain reaction analysis in 1 black bear (11.1%) from New Mexico and in 7 coyotes (4.5%) of Texas, whereas Trichinella spiralis larvae were detected in the black bear of Arizona. This is the first report of Trichinella infection in wildlife of New Mexico and Texas and extends the distribution of T. murrelli into the southwestern United States near the border of Mexico.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Trees of Ireland. Native and Naturalized. E. Charles Nelson and Wendy F. Walsh. 256 pp., 30 colour plates.
A man who can speak of plants. Dr Thomas Coulter (1793–1843) of Dundalk in Ireland, Mexico and Alta California. E. Charles Nelson & Alan Probert. 192 pp., 52 figures & photographs and 8 colour plates.
Siebold's Florilegium of Japanese Plants: Florilegium Plantarum Japonicarum Sieboldii. Yojiro Kimura and Valerii I. Grubov (eds.). Vol. 1, 2 parts (Colour plates); Vol. 2 (Articles and Catalogue).     

SURVIVAL PATTERNS IN FOUR PRAIRIE GRASSES TRANSPLANTED TO CENTRAL TEXAS

Transplanted clones of four widespread prairie grasses, Andropogon scoparius, A. gerardii, Panicum virgatum, and Sorghastrum nutans, that had survived in cultivation 1958-1962 in central Texas were studied without cultivation 1963-67 to determine survival patterns. In all four species, clones from northern and eastern sites in the United States were eliminated. Survival of A. scoparius was restricted to plants originating in central and southern Texas and in northern Mexico. Surviving clones of A. gerardii, P. virgatum, and S. nutans were chiefly of Texas origin but included other clones mostly from the south central United States. Population samples of the four species from a central Texas grassland community showed greatest survival in a multi-ramet comparison of clones originating from North Dakota to Mexico City and in a multi-clone comparison from six sites in Texas and one in New Mexico. While the superior adaptation to the local habitat by the local populations might have been expected, this study documented the survival potential of organisms in the local ecosystem.     

Book Review

Book review in this article:
Archeology: Settlement of the Prairie Margin: Archaeology of the Richland Creek Reservoir, Navarro and Freestone Counties, Texas: 1980-1981 . L. Mark Raab
Historic Indian Groups of the Choke Canyon Reservoir and Surrounding Area, Southern Texas . T. N. Campbell and T. J. Campbell
Archaeological Investigations at Choke Canyon Reservoir, South Texas: The Phase I Findings . Grant D. Hall, Stephen L. Black, and Carol Graves
Excavations at 41 LK 67: A Prehistoric Site in the Choke Canyon Reservoir, South Texas . Kenneth M. Brown, Daniel R. Potter, Grant D. Hall, and Stephen L. Black
Anasazi and Navajo Land Use in the McKinley Mine Area Near Gallup, New Mexico, Volume 1, Parts 1 and 2: Archeology . Christina G. Allen and Ben A. Nelson
Anasazi and Navajo Land Use in the McKinley Mine Area Near Gallup, New Mexico, Volume 2: Navajo Ethnohistory . Klara B. Kelley     

Book Reviews: Applied Anthropology

Book reviewed in this article:
Iroquois Land Claims . Christopher Vecsey and William A. Starna , eds.
Formulating American Indian Policy in New York State, 1970–1986 . Laurence M. Hauptman     

Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation

Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Alejandro Portes and Rubén G. Rumbaut. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 430 pp.
Hispanas de Queens: Latino Panethnicity in. New York City Neighborhood. Milagros and Ricourt and Ruby Danta. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003. 168 pp.
Transnational Latina/o Communities: Politics, Processes, and Cultures. Carlos G. Vélez-Ibañez and Anna Sampaio, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002. 307 pp.     

Hourcquia Collignon, 1965 (Cretaceous Ammonoidea) from the upper Turonian of the southern United States

Hourcquia Collignon, 1965, previously described only from the upper Turonian of Madagascar, Venezuela, South Saghalien and Hokkaido, Japan, is documented from New Mexico and Texas in the United States. The material is referred to a single variable species,H. mirabilis Collignon, 1965, previously known only from Madagascar and Hokkaido, Japan.     

A cladistic study of North AmericanCoreopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae)

A cladistic study of all 44 species of North AmericanCoreopsis was performed using 35 characters. The resulting cladogram indicated that all 11 sections are monophyletic. At the intersectional level, two lineages were revealed, one consisting of six sections occurring almost exclusively in Mexico and California, and another comprising five sections restricted largely to the eastern and southeastern United States. The cladogram is similar to phylogenies produced by less explicit methods but it differs in two major respects: the monotypic sect.Silphidium is placed with other sections from the southeastern United States rather than with Mexican sections, and sect.Anathysana from Mexico is more closely allied with the three California sections than with sect.Electra from Mexico.     

Potential oversummering and overwintering regions for the wheat stripe rust pathogen in the contiguous United States

Epidemics of wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are more frequent in the regions where Pst can oversummer and overwinter. Regions for potential oversummering and overwintering of Pst were determined in the contiguous United States using a survival index (SI) ranging from 0 (most unfavorable) to 10 (most favorable) developed based on long-term weather data. The pathogen can survive in cool summer in the most regions north of latitude 40°N, particularly Washington, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and California. Due to limiting high temperatures, it survives marginally during summer in Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island and Texas. Similarly, unfavorable hot summer restricts summer survival of the pathogen in the most regions south of 40°N except for highlands in the Rocky or Appalachian Mountains. Warm winters favor fungal survival in most regions south of 40°N and the Pacific Coast, including Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas and Washington. Severe winters do not allow survival in most regions north of 40°N and east of the Rocky Mountains, whereas less severe winter in Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia permits marginal survival of Pst. Most wheat-growing regions have climatic suitability for either oversummering or overwintering. Both oversummering and overwintering can occur in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon and Washington), Arizona, California, North Carolina, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia. These regions may provide primary inoculum for stripe rust epidemics in their own and surrounding regions.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviews in this Article:
AIDS and the Good Society , by Patricia Illingworth
Genethics: The moral issues in the creation of people , by David Heyd
AIDS: Diritti & Doveri del Personale delle Instituzioni di Assistenza Sanitaria , Milano.
AIDS, Women and the Next Generation: Towards a Morally Acceptable Public Policy for HIV Testing of Pregnant Women and Newborns edited by Ruth R. Faden
Rights to Health Care (Philosophy and Medicine 38 ), edited by Thomas J. Bole III and William B. Bondeson, Dordrecht
Theological Developments in Bioethics: 1988–1990 edited by Baruch A. Brody, B. Andrew Lustig, H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. and Laurence B. McCullough
Organ Replacement Therapy: Ethics, Justice, Commerce , edited by W. Land and J.B. Dossetor
Regelungen der Fortpflanzungsmedizin und Humangenetik. Eine Internationale Dokumentation gesetzlicher und berufsständischer Rechtsquellen (Regulations of Procreative Medicine and Genetic Research on Humans.
Practical Medical Ethics by Alistair Campbell, Grant Gillett and Gareth Jones
Balancing Act: The New Medical Ethics of Medicine's New Economics by E. Haavi Morreim.
Bioethics and Secular Humanism by H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. London: SCM Press     

The epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in Mexico

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley Fever, is an endemic mycosis restricted to the American deserts, caused by the ascomycete Coccidioides spp. In 2000 it was estimated that more than 100,000 cases of the disease took place in the United States, and that these numbers have been rising over time. The current impact of this disease in Mexico is unknown, but the available data suggest that an increase of the incidence of this mycosis in California and Arizona might have the same impact in Mexican nearby States. These two USA States both have a bioclimatic pattern similar to the nearby Mexican States endemic for coccidioidomycosis. The main objective of this study was to collect the available information on the historical and epidemiological research done in Mexico to assess the impact of the disease and to evaluate whether the disease have a tendency to increase in the endemic areas and if this grow could represent a problem of public health in Mexico. We have conducted an extensive search on this topic in Health institutions and Academic facilities of California, Arizona and Mexico. After analyzing the scarce Mexican records we found that: 1) the main studies conducted in Mexico are limited to the northern desert areas of the country, mainly in the states of Sonora, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and the Baja California peninsula; 2) until 1994 an increase of coccidioidomycosis in Mexico was noted; and 3) we found that Mexico shares a similar epidemiological data as that reported in the United States. For instance, the most affected groups in Mexico were children under 5 years-old and adults over 45 years-old. The collective information suggests the need to implement joined organized efforts and multi-institutional collaboration to clarify the current situation of this important endemic disease of North America to administer a viable early detection plan of this mycosis in Mexico.     

Isonymy structure of USA population

The isonymy structure of the 48 states of the continental United States of America was studied using the surname distributions of 18 million telephone users, distributed in 247 towns. The shortest linear distance between nearest neighbor towns included in the sample was 12.0 km. The largest distance was 4,577 km. The number of different surnames found in the whole analysis was 899,585. Lasker's distance was found to be significantly but weakly correlated with the geographic distance, with r = 0.21 +/- 0.01. A dendrogram of the 48 states was built from the matrix of isonymy distances: it divides the US into several clusters, in general correlated with geography. A notable exception is California and New Jersey, which cluster together. Wisconsin is separated from all other states. An important cluster is formed by Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, and Arizona, together with Illinois and Florida. It was observed that Hispanic surnames are among the most frequent in Illinois, as they are in New Jersey and California. No main distinction among the states clearly attributable to surnames of French origin was detected; however, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine which have a considerable number of these surnames belong to the same northeastern cluster. From the present analysis, the great mobility of the US population emerges clearly, and it seems relevant that the practical absence of isolation by distance is seen also considering only small towns. It appears that groups of different origin are well-mixed over the whole area of the United States. The values of isonymy indicate that the south-central area of the USA has the highest level of inbreeding. In fact, the heterogeneity in surname composition is greater in the coastal areas, particularly on the East Coast, than anywhere else in the USA.     

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN SOUTHWESTERN GRASSES. II

Gould , Frank W. (Texas A. & M. Coll., College Station.) Chromosome numbers in southwestern grasses. II. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(10): 873–877. Illus. 1960.—Chromosome counts are reported for 45 species of grasses of Southwestern United States and adjacent areas of United States and Mexico. Thirty-three of these records are the first for the taxon or different from previously reported and 7 are the first for North American plants.     

90 Initial characterization of the terminal domains of linear plasmid-like dna's from ernodesmis verticillata (chlorophyta)

Phylogenetic analyses inferred from rbcL sequences indicates that specimens of Caloglossa (Harvey) G. Martens collected from Vermilion Bay, Louisiana and Galveston, Texas, reported as C. leprieurii (Montagne) G. Martens (1869) constitutes a separate taxon. Studies are presently being conducted to compare this northwestern Gulf of Mexico taxon with material of C. intermedia Kamiya et West in Kamiya et al. (2000, J. Phycol. 36:411-420) from the Western Atlantic coast and with C. apomeiotica West et Zuccarello in West et al. (1994, Bot. Mar. 37:381–390) from Baja California, Mexico.     

Phylogenetic relationships within the New World endemic Zeltnera (Gentianaceae-Chironiinae) inferred from molecular and karyological data

The New World endemic genus Zeltnera consists of 25 species mainly distributed in the western part of the United States and Mexico. Chromosome counts performed on 113 populations (24 species) reveal extensive congruence between chromosomal groups and the assemblages obtained from analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (trnL intron and trnL-F intergenic spacer) sequences. Karyological and molecular data sets support three main biogeographic groups for Zeltnera. A first and mainly unresolved cluster (n = 17 and n = 20) occurs in California, whereas two other clades are centered in the Texas region (n = 20 and n = 21) and in Mexico (n = 21 and n = 22). Under the assumption of a molecular clock, and using both dispersal and vicariance explanations for the current distribution of the respective species, the genus is thought to have a North American origin with considerable diversification in the early Pliocene (ca. 5 million years ago). Geological events, such as desert formation and mountain orogenies, have created insuperable barriers that today separate the three major and likely vicariant groups.     

Eimerians in Harvest Mice, Reithrodontomys spp., from Mexico, California and New Mexico, and Phenotypic Plasticity in Oocysts of Eimeria arizonensis

ABSTRACT Between May 1979 and August 1991, 48.7% (57/117) of the harvest mice ( Reithrodontomys spp.) examined from 10 localities in Mexico, California and New Mexico had coccidian oocysts in their feces. A total of 46.7% (49/105) of the Reithrodontomys megalotis examined were positive for coccidian oocysts; this included samples from five states in Mexico (47.1%, 8/17), three counties in California (66.7%, 4/6) and two counties in New Mexico (45.1%, 37/82); 66.7% (8/12) of the Reithrodontomys montanus from one county in New Mexico also were infected. Only two coccidian species, Eimeria arizonensis and Eimeria langebarteli , were found in these hosts. Oocysts of E. langebarteli were found only in R. megalotis : in all three infected mice from Madera County, California, in the only mouse from San Bernardino County, California, and in 63% (5/8) of the infected mice from four states in Mexico. Oocysts of E. arizonensis were found in R. megalotis in Mexico, California, and New Mexico and in R. montanus from New Mexico. Sporulated oocysts of E. langebarteli differed slightly from those in previously published reports by having wider oocysts and larger sporocysts. Sporulated oocysts of E. arizonensis were variable in size, with those recovered from R. montanus significantly larger in length and width and sporocyst width than those from R. megalotis . The structure of the oocyst residuum was polymorphic, both within and between host species, and within the same mouse; it could appear as one large globule, two globules, several to many smaller globules, or as a compact mass of many small granules. Oocysts with a variable residuum were larger than those with one globule in all oocyst/sporocyst dimensions. Only 9% (5/57) of the infected mice were discharging oocysts of both eimerians when examined.     

People Out of Place: Unquiet Immigrants

Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency . Susan Bibler Coutin. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. 228 pp.
The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South . Leon Fink. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 254 pp.
The Children of NAFTA: Labor Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border . David Bacon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 348 pp.     

Intraspecific variation of Haematoloechus floedae Harwood, 1932 (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae), from Rana spp. in North and Central America

Haematoloechus floedae was originally described from the lungs of Rana catesbeiana in Texas, and later reported in Florida, in the United States. It was proposed to be synonymous with H. breviplexus, H. parviplexus, and H. varioplexus. We obtained specimens of H. floedae from Rana brownorum and R. vaillanti in Yucatán, Mexico; R. cf. forreri and R. taylori in Guanacaste, Costa Rica; and R. catesbeiana in Georgia and California. Some specimens were processed for morphological study; sequences of the 28S of the rDNA and the mitochondrial COI were obtained from several specimens of each population. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data indicates studied populations constitute a single taxon, different from H. varioplexus, H. breviplexus, and H. parviplexus. Some morphological characters remain constant among populations of H. floedae, and are useful for differentiating this species. These include the oral sucker-pharynx ratio, oral sucker-ventral sucker ratio, ovary and testes shape, extension of uterine longitudinal loops, and extension of vitelline follicles (in fully developed worms). Sequence homogeneity among populations of H. floedae suggests a recent spread, perhaps due to the introduction of R. catesbeiana for culture to the western United States, southeast Mexico, and Costa Rica.