Effect of weak electromagnetic radiation on larva development and metamorphosis of grain beetle Tenebrio molitor

The effect of weak electromagnetic radiation (36 GHz, 100 mu W/cm2) on the development of the grain beetle Tenebrio molitor was studied. Insects were irradiated in different larval instars and at the pupal stage. It was found that weak electromagnetic radiation stimulated the molting and pupation of larvae and the metamorphosis of pupae. The stimulating effect of radiation was weak when animals were exposed in the initial period of the instar and the pupal stage and was more pronounced if the irradiation was carried out in the second half of the current instar and the pupil stage. The effect of weak electromagnetic radiation on the development of beetle can be related to the function of the hormones of metamorphosis.     

Effect of low intensity pulsed laser radiation of basic parameters of aging in Drosophila melanogaster

The effect of the low-intensive impulse laser radiation (LILR) on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied. The flies at various stages of their life (larvae and imago) were exposed to LILR. The estimation of the effect of LILR was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the basis parameters of aging. We found out increasing as well as shortening effects of the life span. The direction of the effect depends on parameters of radiation, stage of development of irradiated individuals and their sex.     

Influence of ionizing radiation on the formation of adult antennae in large fruit-tree tortrix <Emphasis Type="Italic">Archips podana</Emphasis> Scop. (Lepidoptera,Tortricidae)

The influence of sterilizing doses of X-radiation on the formation of adult antennae during the pupa period of development of Archips podana was studied. We found a change in the number of coeloconic and auriculate sensilla in those imago whose pupae were exposed to radiation. A slow-down in the process of antennae formation at the pupal stage was registered after the irradiation of instar five larvae and newly formed pupae.     

Terahertz radiation improves adaptation characteristics in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila melanogaster</Emphasis>

An investigation into the effect of nonionizing terahertz radiation (0.1–10 THz) on living organisms is urgent due to the recent development of modern technologies employing such radiation. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of terahertz radiation on successive generations of fruit flies. The effects of terahertz radiation on the survival ability and lifespan of the Oregon-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster proved to be diverse: they were negative or neutral at early life stages and positive at late stages. The female flies exposed to the radiation showed increased survival rate during the second half of the life of imago. The males demonstrated low sensitivity to the radiation. There were no significant differences noted in the dynamics of maturation and total number of offspring between the female flies that were exposed to the radiation and those that were not. The results of the study practically did not depend on the sex and maturity stage of the oocytes irradiated.     

Photoinduced enzymatic epimerization of glucose

The possibility was examined whether weak external electromagnetic radiation can affect the parameters of enzymic reactions. It was found that, in a system involving an aqueous solution of concanavalin A, glucose, and erbium salt exposed to helium-neon laser light of a wavelength of 633 nm, epimers of glucose: allosa, mannose, and galactose are formed. The effect observed was found to represent a photoinduced enzymic reaction in which the protein dissolved in water converts the glucose associated with it into epimers by the action of electromagnetic radiation. The photoepimerase activity of concanavalin A was established for the first time.     

Aging rate after continual low dose irradiation of drosophila strains with apoptosis deregulation

In this article the results of investigations of interrelation between radio-induced apoptosis in larvae nervous system and aging in imago are presented. It was shown that the apoptosis level of larvae nervous ganglion 2.5 folds increased after exposure to ionizing radiation (54 cGy). Irradiation of stocks with higher apoptosis induction sensitivity, bearing mutations of inhibitor apoptosis protein th (allele th1 and th4) and wild type strain Berlin leaded to elevation of activity at all ages and accordingly to decreasing of aging speed. Whereas in stocks with lower apoptosis induction sensitivity (with mutations of genes rpr, grim, hid, dArk and Dcp-1) this effect was not observed. The obtained results suggested that radiation-induced apoptosis could be one of the mechanisms preventing aging.     

Comparative study of effect of infrared, submillimeter, and millimeter electromagnetic radiation on wing somatic mutations in Drosophila melanogaster induced by gamma-irradiation

It was shown that the number of spontaneous and gamma-radiation-induced somatic mutations in wing cells of fruit flies (third instar larvae) exposed to laser irradiation of submillimeter range (lambda = 81.5 microns) was significantly lower than in control. Laser irradiation did not affect the number of recombinations. Exposure to laser radiation in the infrared range and electromagnetic waves of the millimeter range (lambda = 3.8 mm) enhanced the effect of gamma-irradiation.     

The development of F1 progeny from mature egg cells after terahertz radiation of parental drosophila

The effects of terahertz radiation (0.1–2.2 THz) on the dynamics of reaching the imago stage by drosophila of the F1 progeny obtained from the crossing of irradiated and unirradiated parental individuals in different combinations were studied. A shift in the maximum emergence peak for an earlier period and a shortening of the period of reaching the adult state were found in the progeny of both sexes obtained from irradiated females. The development up to the imago stage significantly differs in the progeny of irradiated males and irradiated females in a number of parameters. It was suggested that the effect of terahertz radiation on the dynamics of the onset of the imago stage can be associated with one or different mechanisms that change the expression of the genes and signaling pathways that control the development of drosophila.     

The influence of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency on Daphnia magna (Straus)

The influence of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency on survival, efficiency, physiological parameters of Daphnia magna (Straus) was investigated. The electromagnetic field with intensity of a magnetic component 15 microTl and an electrical one 12 kV/m was generated. The researches were carried out in acute and chronic experiments. The experimental group was exposed to electromagnetic radiation for 8 hours daily for 30 days. As a result of the study it was revealed that the influence of electromagnetic radiation with the given parameters did not have the lethal effect on the test objects. It was found that electromagnetic radiation negatively affected Daphnia fertility. On the average, a real fertility of the Daphnia in the experimental unit was 26.32% compared to the control. The age of puberty in the experiment increased twice in comparison with the control.     

The effect of some biological and physical factors on infection of Biomphalaria glabrata with Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

Several biological and physical factors which may influence infection of Biomphalaria glabrata snails with the first stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied. These factors were: the size of snails, the number of first stage larvae to which snails were exposed, the age of larvae, individual exposure compared with mass exposure of snails, the length of exposure period and the effect of temperature and light. The results showed that young snails, 2 mm in diameter, became infected with significantly smaller numbers of third stage larvae than larger snails (4, 8, 12 and 16 mm). No significant differences in the intensity of infection were evident between the larger size groups. The number of third stage larvae recovered from snails was directly related to the number of first stage larvae to which the snails were exposed. The mean percentage recovery per snail was more or less constant regardless of the infective dose. First stage larvae showed a slight reduction in their survival rate within 7 and 4 days, at 24 degrees C and 26 degrees C respectively, after which a sharp decrease in their survival rate occurred. However, the infectivity of larvae was progressively reduced from the second day at these two temperatures. The mean intensity of infection in snails was independent of whether the infection was by mass or individual exposure. The average number of first stage larvae entering a snail was greatest during the first half hour of exposure, this decreased considerably during the second half hour, and thereafter the number of larvae which entered a snail was low. It was concluded that 26 degrees C was the optimal temperature for infection and that the presence or absence of light had no effect on the infection.     

Terahertz radiation influence on number and development dynamics of offspring F1 of fruit fly females under stress

Virgin fruit fly females were stressed by placement into a confined space without food for 2.5 hours. Some flies were subjected to terahertz radiation (0.1–2.2 THz) for the last 30 min. Then females were copulated with males. Offspring F1 from oocytes which were mature or immature at exposure (oviposition in 1–2 or 9–10 days after irradiation) was studied. Stress induces a rejection of the offspring maturation dynamics to imago from external control (offspring of flies which was maintained in standard conditions). In offsping from mature oocytes of irradiated flies the dynamics of male maturation to imago was different from internal control (offspring of stressed unirradiated flies). The number of imago males decreased. The dynamics of female maturation to imago coincides with laboratory control. In offsping from immature oocytes of irradiated flies the dynamics of female and male maturation and the number of flies were not significantly different from the internal control. It was concluded that only mature oocytes are sensitive to THz radiation influence.     

The synergism between hydrocarbon pollutants and UV radiation: a potential link between coastal pollution and larval mortality

Coastal, benthic invertebrates with complex life history strategies are exposed to stage- and habitat-specific selective forces. In the coastal environment, benthic adults are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants (PAHs) due to their proximity to human activities (shipping, urbanization, and industrialization). Benthic invertebrates produce lipid-rich eggs or larvae that absorb PAHs from polluted estuaries and coastal waters. The larvae of many coastal invertebrates move offshore following release from benthic adults. During development in offshore waters, larvae of some species are exposed to relatively high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Marine organisms vary in their tolerance to PAHs and UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the sequential exposure of the larvae of marine crabs to PAHs and UV radiation.Using laboratory experiments, the larvae of four crab species were exposed to PAHs and UV radiation. There was a significant synergistic effect of exposure to PAH (fluoranthene or pyrene) and UV radiation on larvae of the spider crab (Libinia dubia), the stone crab (Menippe adina) and the mud crab (Panopeus herbstii). Larvae of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) were exposed to PAHs and UV radiation in both laboratory and solar UV experiments. Significantly higher mortality occurred for C. sapidus larvae using either type of UV-artificial or solar.Larvae of coastal invertebrates with complex life history strategies are susceptible to the combined effects of PAHs and UV radiation. In this study, the exposure of crab larvae to PAHs and UV radiation resulted in mortality to crab larvae using laboratory and solar UV experiments. There were no effects on larval crab mortality due to PAH or UV radiation independently but mortality was as high as 100% when both factors were present.     

Electromagnetic field effects on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemia</Emphasis> hatching and chromatin state

The influence of magnetic fields on hatching and chromatin state of brine shrimp, Artemia sp., was investigated. Dry Artemia cysts were exposed to a magnetic field of intensity 25 mT for 10 min. The magnetic field was applied in different variants: constant field, rotating field of different directions (right-handed and left-handed) and different magnet polarization. The effect of ultra wideband pulse radiation and microwave radiation was also investigated. The energy density on the surface of object exposed to ultra wideband pulse radiation was 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁶ W/cm², the power of microwave radiation was 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻⁵ W/cm², exposure time - 10 s. After incubation of the cysts for 48 hours in sea water the hatching percentage of Artemia from exposed cysts was higher than in controls. The number of heterochromatin granules was significantly higher in the nauplia (newborn larvae of Artemia) developed from cysts that had been exposed to magnetic and electromagnetic fields. The data obtained demonstrate an increase in percentage hatching of Artemia cysts after treatment with magnetic and electromagnetic fields and chromatin condensation in nauplia. We have also shown different effects of right-handed and left-handed rotating magnetic fields on these processes.     

The assessment of modulated radiofrequence electromagnetic radiation on cognitive function in rats of different ages

The modulated radiofrequence electromagnetic radiation influence on cognitive function of male uninbred Wister rat exposed at the age of sexual maturation (2 months) and at the age of morphofunctional maturity (3.5 months) was examined. Animals were subjected to pulse electromagnetic radiation (925 MHz) modulated as a GSM standard with the power density 1.2 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes every day for 12 days. At day 8 of exposure the cognitive function were examined with the Morris water maze. In the result of investigation it was determines that modulated radiofrequence electromagnetic radiation at the sexual maturation age did not affect the spatial learning and improve the visual orientation performance. Modulated radiofrequence electromagnetic exposure of animals at the sex maturity age did not affect the visual performance and improve the spatial performance of male rats.     

Change in the percent of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme level in testes of animals exposed to superhigh frequency radiation

The content of six lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in testes of rats exposed to electromagnetic field of 3-cm wavelength range was studied. The changes in their percent contents were found to be inhomogeneous compared with control. It is assumed that electromagnetic radiation affects the organs of the human urinogenital system. The results can be used for estimating the safety of persons professionally exposed to electromagnetic radiation of the industrial frequency range and in the therapy of diseases of the urinogenital system.     

Effect of low-intensity millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation on regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats

The effect of low-intensity millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation (MWR) on regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve after transection and microsurgical reapproximation was examined. Rats were exposed to 54 GHz MWR at a power density of 4 mW/cm². It was found that MWR treatment of the femoral skin in the area of suture accelerated the regeneration of nerve fibers. At the twentieth postoperative day, the MWR-treated animals had a 32% increase in the regeneration distance compared to the control animals. The conduction velocity showed a 26% increase in the MWR-treated animals. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for apples infested by codling moth (Lep., Tortricidae)

Abstract: Effects of gamma radiation on the fifth instar codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae were examined. Mature larvae were exposed to a series of gamma radiation doses ranging from 50 to 250 Gy and survival to pupae and adults was examined. The results showed that pupation and adult emergence decreased with increasing radiation dose. The results also showed that diapausing larvae were more sensitive to irradiation treatment than non-diapausing larvae, and females were more sensitive than males. A dose of 150 Gy reduced adult emergence to less than 2% in non-diapausing larvae, while a dose of 200 Gy completely prevented it. Furthermore, none of the emerging moths exposed to a dose of 150 Gy were females; at 100 Gy dose, the percentage of females was less than 14%. Irradiating larvae in apple fruit in a small-scale laboratory experiment produced similar results. Tests in which >100 000 larvae (in the fifth instar) were irradiated in an artificial rearing medium with a dose of 200 Gy resulted in no adult emergence. Similar results were also obtained when >32 000 larvae in the same stage were exposed in apple fruit to the same dose. The results indicate that the use of ionizing radiation as a quarantine treatment for codling moth infested fruits is feasible and requires a relatively low dose.     

Information EHF-interactions in a system of live objects (human platelets)

The molecular informational interaction has been first detected in a system that involves human platelets, exposed to electromagnetic EHF-fluctuations at frequencies of molecular spectra of radiation and absorption of nitric oxide (150.176-150.644 HHz), and native platelets. It has been established that the incubation of a native platelet rich plasma with a similar plasma, exposed to a 5-minute effect of electromagnetic EHF-fluctuations at frequencies of molecular spectra of radiation and absorption of nitric oxide at a mode of peak and frequent modulation of a signal under in vitro conditions, causes a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of platelet functional activity in the native plasma, in comparison with control. This was displayed by a decreased platelet activation and falling platelet aggregation ability. Some possible mechanisms of interaction are suggested to explain the described effect.     

光活化杀虫剂α-三噻吩的电子自旋共振分析及其对库蚊保护酶系统活性的影响

以淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens为试材,初步进行了典型光活化杀虫剂α-三噻吩（α-T）的电子自旋共振（ESR）分析,并研究其对昆虫保护酶系统的影响。ESR分析表明,近紫外光和药剂α-T均可促进活性氧自由基浓度升高,且两者具有协同关系,近紫外光能显著促进α-T增加自由基的作用,处理3 h时试虫自由基总浓度增加了99.6%。近紫外光和药剂α-T对保护酶系统的影响随酶的种类而有所不同,但在近紫外光存在的条件下,α-T对超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活体活性均有抑制作用,且光照3 h时,抑制作用最强。