茄子幼苗耐低温性生理机制研究

选择耐低温性不同的6份茄子高代自交系幼苗为材料,进行白天10℃/夜间7℃低温处理10d,调查其耐低温性、生长指标(株高、茎粗、鲜重、干重)、生理指标(POD、SOD、APX活性及脯氨酸含量),以探讨低温对茄子幼苗生长过程中的生长和生理指标的影响.结果显示:(1)各材料的上述性状在常温下均差异不显著,而在低温处理下差异极显著;与对照相比较,幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重和干重下降,而POD、SOD、APX活性及脯氨酸含量上升.(2)各材料指标的升降幅度与其低温耐受性密切相关,耐低温性强的材料生长指标下降幅度较小,而生理指标提高幅度较大,耐低温性弱的材料则表现相反.(3)各指标间相比较,茄子耐低温性与株高、茎粗、干重、POD活性、SOD活性呈显著正相关,与其余性状的相关未达显著水平.研究表明,低温使茄子幼苗的生长受到一定程度的抑制,但耐低温材料能够通过调节自身的保护酶系统活性来减轻低温的伤害,维持植物体的正常生长及生理代谢功能.     

不同处理条件下小麦胚芽鞘长的遗传分析

以小麦双单倍体(DH)群体(旱选10号×鲁麦14)的150个株系及其亲本为材料,对不同处理条件下的胚芽鞘长、幼苗株高和幼苗生物学产量进行遗传分析,以探讨胚芽鞘长、幼苗株高及幼苗生物学产量的遗传基础及其相关性.结果表明:(1)随着播种深度的增加,胚芽鞘长、幼苗株高显著增加,16.1%PEG-6000处理条件下的幼苗株高显著低于对照,干旱胁迫条件下的幼苗生物学产量显著低于正常供水对照;(2)胚芽鞘长、幼苗株高、幼苗生物学产量的遗传力分别为92.5%、90.3%和78.1%;(3)胚芽鞘长、幼苗株高及幼苗生物学产量均受多基因控制,决定各性状的基因估计数目分别为7、8和14对;(4)根据对性状偏度和峰度系数的估算结果,控制这3个性状的多基因之间均有互补作用;胚芽鞘长与幼苗株高、生物学产量及成熟期株高之间呈显著正相关.     

普通甜荞主要数量性状相关遗传力的测定

对24个普通甜荞品种,7个主要数量性状,进行了遗传力、遗传相关和相关遗传力的测定．结果表明：株粒数与株粒重h_xy~2=0.8208,有效花序数与株粒重h_xy~2=0.6829,千粒重与株粒重h_xy~2=0.4498;株高、主茎节数,一级分枝数3个性状与株粒重的相关遗传力差异均不显著。     

北美驼绒藜主要性状遗传变异特性的初步研究

对北美驼绒藜的4个世代12个主要性状遗传变异特性初步分析结果表明:在世代内12个主要性状变异都不显著,在世代间除枝条节数和着生雄花节数外,其它10个性状变异程度都达到了显著或极显著水平,表明北美驼绒藜各性状主要变异来自世代间;10个性状表型变异系数和遗传变异系数总体趋势基本一致,但程度上存在差异,说明这些性状遗传变异潜力较大;株高、叶腋雌花数、叶宽、再生小枝数性状遗传力较高(72-62),其变异主要是遗传因素决定,而叶长、株幅性状遗传力较低(16-14),其变异主要是环境因素决定。     

籼型水稻主要经济性状遗传规律的研究 Ⅰ.亲本品种主要经济性状遗传变异及其相关性的测定

本文通过对供试亲本的14个籼稻品种主要经济性状的变异系数、遗传力和相关系数的分析表明:株高、抽穗日数、穗长、千粒重等4个性状表现了较小的变异系数和较高的遗传力。每穗粒数的变异系数和遗传力处于中间状态。单株产量、有效穗总分蘖数的变异系数较大,而遗传力低。秕粒数的变异系数大而遗传力中等。9个性状之间的相关系数测定结果,表现极显著相关的有6对性状,显著相关的有5对性状。     

啤酒花主要农艺性状遗传相关分析初探

本文初步探讨了啤洒花主要农艺性状的广义遗传力（ha %)及它们之间的遗传相关,结果表明,百 花重的广义遗传力最高（9601o),侧蔓数的广义遗传力最低（41%)。产量构成因素与产量的遗传相关系 数分别是侧蔓数(0.58),百花重（0.47),蔓花数(0.62)。通径分析结果表明侧蔓数、百花重及蔓花数对 产量的直接作用分别是1.32、1.14、1.070     

黄瓜苗期低温弱光下耐低温性主基因-多基因联合遗传分析

选取耐低温弱光性不同的2份黄瓜材料9507、9517及其配制的BC1、BC2、F1、F2等6个世代,进行低温弱光处理,每天光照处理7.5h,强度为30μmol/m2.s,约合2000lx,白天12℃,晚上8℃,共处理14d。运用主基因-多基因联合遗传模型方法研究耐低温性的遗传规律,并估算遗传参数。结果表明,耐低温性的遗传受2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,F1平均值略低于中亲值,主基因的遗传率为62.871%～79.310%,多基因的遗传率为3.448%～7.792%,主基因+多基因的遗传率为74.026%～82.759%,环境方差占表型方差的比率为17.241%～25.974%。即低温弱光条件下环境对耐低温性的遗传起很小作用,对于这个性状适于早代选择。     

黄瓜苗期耐低温性及相关生理指标遗传分析

选取耐低温弱光性不同的6份黄瓜材料9504、9507、9506、9517、9511、9514按Griffing方法Ⅱ配制完全双列杂交组合,对亲本及F1进行低温弱光处理(昼/夜温度12℃/8℃,每天光照7.5 h,光照强度30μmol·m-2·s-1)14 d后调查幼苗耐低温性、保护酶(POD和SOD)活性、渗透调节物质(可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸)含量等生理指标,分析其遗传规律.结果显示,黄瓜亲本9504、9507及其组合F1幼苗的耐寒性较强,保护酶活性和脯氨酸含量较高,黄瓜幼苗耐寒性与其保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量关系密切;黄瓜幼苗耐低温性、POD和SOD活性、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量所有性状的遗传符合加性-显性模型,它们的广义遗传力分别达82.133%、93.351%、97.368%、59.230%、93.460%,狭义遗传力达73.170%、53.191%、26.316%、58.587%、45.963%.研究表明,黄瓜耐低温性、POD和SOD活性、脯氨酸含量适于早代选择;幼苗可溶性蛋白质含量受生长环境的影响较大,可晚代选择.     

甘蔗割手密远缘杂交后代产量性状的遗传及分离

利用甘蔗品种Co419与野生种割手密云南75-1-2远缘杂交,ROC25与远缘杂交后代云野02-356进行回交,分别获得F1和BC1群体,利用R软件,分析了两个群体全部真实性后代产量性状的遗传和分离表现.结果表明,杂交后代产量性状的广义遗传力皆较高,BC1群体株高、有效茎和蔗茎产量等性状的广义遗传力较F1群体有增大的趋势;主要性状均表现出明显的正态分布特性,产量因素与甘蔗产量、甘蔗有效茎数与株高表现出明显的正相关;F1株高、有效茎、蔗茎产量和宿根性表现出明显的超亲优势.     

耐低温淀粉酶产生菌Y89微波诱变及发酵工艺

为进一步提高耐低温淀粉酶产生菌的发酵生产水平,以前期筛选得到的1株耐低温兼性厌氧淀粉酶产生菌Y89为出发菌株,对其进行微波诱变处理,通过酶产量及遗传性能稳定检测筛选高活力突变株,并采取单因素优化法对菌株的培养基和培养条件进行优化。获得1株遗传稳定的高活力突变株Y89-11,淀粉酶产量达750.2 U/m L,是原出发菌株的1.94倍。采用单因素实验确定该突变株的最佳发酵条件:最适生长及产酶温度为16℃,最佳产酶时间60 h,最优碳源为可溶性淀粉,氮源为酵母膏,培养基中添加Ca2+可显著提高产酶量。经诱变选育出的突变株Y89-11与原菌株相比产酶量提高了94%,所产淀粉酶为中低温酶,最适反应温度30℃,耐低温效果较好,应用前景广阔。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.