瑞丽莫里热带雨林种子植物区系的初步研究

初步分析了鲜为人知的滇西南瑞丽莫里的热带雨林植物区系组成与地理成分。该植物区系中热带和主产热带的科占总科数的80%以上,热带分布属占总属数的84.1%;典型热带分布种占总种数的82.1%,该区系在科、属和种水平上均以热带成分占优势,明显属于热带性质的植物区系。在其热带分布属中,又以热带亚洲分布属最多,占总属数的26.5%;典型热带分布种中也以热带亚洲分布及其变型的种占绝对优势,占总种数的72.9%,反映了该植物区系具有热带亚洲植物区系的性质特点。在其热带亚洲成分中,又具体以南亚—大陆东南亚成分比例最高,反映了滇西南的热带雨林植物区系由于地域邻接关系,受印度(喜马拉雅)—缅甸植物区系的强烈影响。     

思茅菜阳河自然保护区植物区系研究——兼论热带亚洲植物区系向东亚植物区系的过渡

云南省思茅地区菜阳河自然保护区地处联系滇南热带与滇中亚热带的中间位置,在植被地理和生物地理上十分重要,其植物区系计有野生种子植物1 920种, 隶属于836属及178科。该植物区系以兰科( 69属/223种)、茜草科(37/100)、菊科(47/86)、蝶形花科(33/82)、唇形科（28/62）、大戟科(25/59)、荨麻科(13/52)、禾本科(34/47)、樟科(12/44)、桑科(6/44)、爵床科(26/36)等为优势科。属的分布区类型组成以热带亚洲分布型最多, 约占总属数的31%;其次是泛热带分布,占23.4%;热带分布合计占总属数的83.3%。种的分布区类型组成仍以热带亚洲分布最多, 占总种数的60.6%;其次是中国特有分布, 占21.6%;热带分布种合计占70.0%以上。这些特征均表明该植物区系热带性质显著,并具有印度—马来西亚植物区系特点,在植物区系分区上属于印度—马来西亚植物区系的一部分。由于菜阳河自然保护区在地理上位于热带亚洲植物区与东亚植物区的交汇地带,该植物区系中的许多热带植物均是在其分布的北界,植物区系又有明显的热带北缘性质。通过与滇南西双版纳和滇中无量山植物区系的比较,菜阳河自然保护区植物区系与西双版纳植物区系在区系组成及属的地理成分构成上很接近, 它们同为热带亚洲植物区系的北缘类型。在云南南部,从热带亚洲植物区系到东亚植物区系的过渡与转变,显然发生在思茅菜阳河地区以北。从热带亚洲植物区系过渡到东亚植物区系,在诸属的分布区类型中,热带亚洲分布型显著减少,北温带分布型和东亚分布型显著增加。     

湖北大洪山种子植物区系的研究

报道大洪山有种子植物１０５２种,隶属５１６属１４７科,在分析主要科的地理分布和全部属的分布区类型的基础上,认为温带属占主导地位,还讨论了该地区与我国其它１０个不同纬度山区植物区系的关系,并通过植物区系的属相似性系数的对比分析,讨论了该区系与华东,华中和华北植物区系的关系,得到大洪山属于华东植物区系的结论。     

Biogeographical Divergence of the Flora of Yunnan,Southwestern China Initiated by the Uplift of Himalaya and Extrusion of Indochina Block

The floral composition of Yunnan is conspicuously linked to the biogeographical history of this extremely species-rich province in southwestern China. The floristic compositions of three representative regions in Yunnan were compared to reveal their variation with geography. From southern Yunnan, 4150 native species (including subspecies and varieties) from 1240 genera and 183 families of seed plants were recognized. From central Yunnan 3389 native species from 1095 genera and 167 families of seed plants were recognized. From northwestern Yunnan 6807 native species from 1296 genera and 166 families of seed plants were recognized. Although these three floras across Yunnan are similar in familial composition, similarities between the floras of southern and northwestern Yunnan are low at the generic and specific levels. The flora of northwestern Yunnan is dominated by families and genera with cosmopolitan and north temperate distributions, while the flora of southern Yunnan is dominated by tropical families and genera. Northwestern Yunnan is composed largely of temperate genera, of which the highest proportion has a north temperate distribution. In contrast, southern Yunnan has mainly tropical genera, of which most have a tropical Asian distribution. The flora of central Yunnan is a combination of southern and northwestern Yunnan. These three floras might be derived from a common Tertiary tropical or subtropical East Asian flora, but the geological history of each region has influenced its flora, and they have remained divergent since the late Tertiary. The flora of northwestern Yunnan has evolved with the uplift of the Himalayas and by gradual proliferation of mainly cosmopolitan and north temperate floristic elements, while the flora of southern Yunnan has evolved with extrusion of the Indochina block and the influence of mainly tropical Asian elements.     

海南五指山地区种子植物区系的特点

五指山地区共有种子植物 1 77科、82 1属、1 882种 (含变种 )。区系组成及地理成分分析表明 :该区系是海南岛区系的重要组成部分 ;其热带性质强烈 ,其中热带亚洲和泛热带成分最占优势 ,各占非世界属总数的 2 6.78%和 2 6.40 % ;讨论了该地区与邻近 6个不同纬度山区植物区系的关系 ,认为五指山区系与大陆区系联系紧密 ,本质上是华夏植物区系不可分割的一部分。     

西双版纳石灰岩森林的植物区系地理研究

西双版纳石灰岩森林植物区系经调查有维管束植物１５３科,６４０属,１３９４种及变种,其中,种子植物占１２９科５５８属１２６９种及变种。种子植物的分布区类型组成是热带和主产热带的科占总科数的７１．３％;热带分布属占总属数的９０．１％;热带分布种超过总种数的９０％。热带分布属中又以热带亚洲分布属最多,占总数的３５．３％;热带分布种中则以热带亚洲分布及其变型的种类占总种数的６４．５％为特点。这表明该石灰岩森林植物区系是热带性质的植物区系,属于热带亚洲区系的一部分。由于特殊的地理位置,西双版纳地区是许多典型热带植物的分布北界,同时又是几种地理成分的交汇地带,这又使该石灰岩区系带有明显热带边缘性质和多种地理成分交汇的特点。     

Biogeographical Evidences Help Revealing the Origin of Hainan Island

Both the continental or island origin of Hainan, and the Indo-Malaysian or East Asian affinity of its flora, are debatable. In this study, 196 families, 1283 genera and 3894 species of Hainan plants were recognized. Patterns of seed plant distribution were quantified at the generic and the family levels. The floras of Vietnam, and the adjacent Guangxi and Guangdong provinces of mainland China, were compared with Hainan. The results showed that the flora of Hainan Island is dominated by families and genera with tropical distributions. Among its floristic elements, tropical Asian distributions make up 23.85% of the total flora, while East Asian distributions contribute only 3.74%. There are only 7 genera and c. 10% of species endemic to Hainan Island. The Hainan flora has strong similarities to the flora of Vietnam at the family and the generic levels, and also to the flora of Guangxi, but less with the adjacent Guangdong province. The main conclusions are: Hainan’s flora is tropical in nature with a strongly tropical Asian affinity, and it has very low endemism at the generic and species levels, which implies a continental origin. We conjecture that Hainan Island could have been adjacent to northern Vietnam and the Guangxi at least in Eocene. This suggestion is supported by palaeobotanical, palaeomagnetic and volcanism studies.     

中国西南干旱河谷植被的区系地理成分与空间分异

根据对云南、四川、甘肃三省九条主要河流干旱河谷的植物群落调查数据, 对我国西南干旱河谷维管束植物区系的科、属分布区类型进行划分, 并分析其地理分布格局。结果表明: (1)西南干旱河谷区的植物区系地理成分复杂, 联系广泛, 共包含11个科级和15个属级分布区类型; 总体上, 科、属两级热带/温带成分比例分别为3.06和1.77, 显示了强烈的热带区系亲缘及温带区系的后期影响; 与地中海-西亚至中亚植物区系存在一定联系; 其东亚成分和中国特有成分比例低于亚热带区系平均水平, 且中国-喜马拉雅成分比例高于中国-日本成分。(2)从西南向东北方向, 植物区系的热带性质逐渐减弱, 温带性质逐渐增强; 科、属水平区系成分与古地中海-中亚区系的相似性逐渐增强; 东亚和中国特有成分比例增加; 南盘江与元江的干旱河谷植物区系之间存在中国-日本和中国-喜马拉雅成分的分界线。(3)根据干旱河谷植物属区系成分的比例构成将怒江、澜沧江和元江与其他流域分开, 显示了长江溯源侵蚀和水系合并对西南诸河流植物区系发育的影响。     

云南省小黑山自然保护区种子植物区系研究

小黑山自然保护区有野生种子植物170科787属2195种。分析表明该区种子植物区系的地理成分复杂,联系广泛。热带性质的属有506属,占总属数的68.6%,温带性质的属有224属,占总属数的30.4%。热带性质的种890种,占总种数的40.9%,温带性质的种有1267种,占总种数的58.3%。表明该地区植物区系具有明显的亚热带性质,同时深受热带植物区系的影响。植物区系来源主要由东亚成分、热带亚洲成分(印度—马来西亚成分)、中国特有成分三部分融合而成。特有现象明显,有东亚特有科5科,中国特有属6属,中国特有种778种,占种总数的35.8%,而云南特有种有355种,占中国特有种的45.6%。保护区还拥有众多的珍稀濒危植物。     

浙江凤阳山自然保护区种子植物区系的统计分析

在野外调查和分类处理的基础上,报道了浙江凤阳山种子植物区系的统计分析结果。现知凤阳山有种子植物１６４科、６５９属、１４８８种（含种下分类群）。科、属、种的分布区类型分析表明：科的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多（４０．９％）,其次是世界分布（２０．７％）和北温带分布（１９．５％）,温带分布少于热带分布（４７：８１）;属的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多（２０．５％）,其次是北温带分布（１８．０％）和东亚分布     

云南蕨类植物的物种多样性和区系组成

在一定实地调查和分类的基础上,采用统计分析及区系地理分析法,对云南地区蕨类植物进行研究。结果表明:云南地区共有蕨类植物60科193属1 530种(包括变种和变型),科、属、种分别占中国蕨类植物科总数的58.8%,属的83.9%和种的95.2%;在这60个科中含30种以上的有13个,含5个属以上的有11个,分别占该蕨类植物区系属、种数的56.5%和79.2%,特别是鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科和金星蕨科,这4个科共拥有70属761种,分别占总属数、总种数的36.3%、49.7%;193属中含30种以上的有11个,分别占总属、总种数的5.7%和41.7%,最具优势的是鳞毛蕨属和耳蕨属、蹄盖蕨属、铁角蕨属、卷柏属,这5个属共有403种,占总种数的26.3%;该区系中无云南特有科,但具有4个亚洲特有科:雨蕨科、稀子蕨科、柄盖蕨科和骨碎补科;该区系以热带、亚热带性质为主,科的区系成分中热带亚热带分布的科占66.6%,热带成分的属有112个,占68.7%(除世界分布类型);该区系是东亚地区蕨类植物区系的重要组成部分,东亚分布31属和中国特有分布6属,分别占总属数(除世界分布属外)的19.0%和3.7%;该地区蕨类植物区系与西藏、台湾具有共同的区系起源和物种分化形成的背景,属的相似性系数约为70%,种的相似性系数约为30%,均起源于热带亚热带地区;属的热带区系成分与温带区系成分所占比例分别为68.7%和27.6%,存在一定的区系过渡性;该区系科的分化强度为3.2,属的分化强度为7.9,在科、属水平上均表现出较强的区系分化特征。     

A biogeographical study on tropical flora of southern China

The tropical climate in China exists in southeastern Xizang (Tibet), southwestern to southeastern Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, southern Guangdon, southern Taiwan, and Hainan, and these southern Chinese areas contain tropical floras. I checked and synonymized native seed plants from these tropical areas in China and recognized 12,844 species of seed plants included in 2,181 genera and 227 families. In the tropical flora of southern China, the families are mainly distributed in tropical areas and extend into temperate zones and contribute to the majority of the taxa present. The genera with tropical distributions also make up the most of the total flora. In terms of geographical elements, the genera with tropical Asian distribution constitute the highest proportion, which implies tropical Asian or Indo‐Malaysia affinity. Floristic composition and geographical elements are conspicuous from region to region due to different geological history and ecological environments, although floristic similarities from these regions are more than 90% and 64% at the family and generic levels, respectively, but lower than 50% at specific level. These differences in the regional floras could be influenced by historical events associated with the uplift of the Himalayas, such as the southeastward extrusion of the Indochina geoblock, clockwise rotation and southeastward movement of Lanping–Simao geoblock, and southeastward movement of Hainan Island. The similarity coefficients between the flora of southern China and those of Indochina countries are more than 96% and 80% at family and generic levels, indicating their close floristic affinity and inclusion in the same biogeographically floristic unit.     

Ecological and biogeographical studies on the tropical rain forest of south Yunnan,SW China with a special reference to its relation with rain forests of tropical Asia

Abstract. Ecological and biogeographic analyses of the tropical rain forest in south Yunnan were made using data from seventeen sample plots and floristic inventories of about 1000 species of seed plants. The rain forest is shown to be a type of true tropical rain forest because it has almost the same profile, physiognomic characteristics, species richness per unit area, numbers of individuals in each tree species and diameter classes of trees as classic lowland tropical rain forests. As the area is at the northern margin of monsoonal tropics, the rain forest differs from equatorial lowland rain forests in having some deciduous trees in the canopy layer, fewer megaphanaerophytes and epiphytes but more species of lianas as well as more species of microphylls. In its floristic composition, about 80% of total families. 94% of total genera and more than 90% of total species are tropical, of which about 38% of genera and 74% of species are tropical Asian. Furthermore, the rain forest has not only almost the same families and genera, but also the same families rank in the top ten both in species richness and in dominance of stems, as lowland forests in southeast Asia. It is indisputable that the flora of the rain forest is part of the tropical Asian flora. However, most of the tropical families and genera have their northern limits in south Yunnan and most have their centre of species diversity in Malesia. More strictly tropical families and genera have relatively lower species richness and importance compared with lowland rain forests in tropical southeast Asia. Thus, the flora also shows characteristics of being at the margin of the tropics. Based mainly on physiognomy and floristic composition the tropical rain forest of Yunnan is classified into two types, i.e. seasonal rain forest and wet seasonal rain forest, the latter is further divided into two subtypes, i.e. mixed rain forest and dipterocarp rain forest. From analysis of geographic elements it is also shown that the tropical rain forest of Yunnan occurs at a geographical nexus with its flora coming mainly from four sources, i.e. Malesia, south Himalayas, Indochina and China.     

三峡大老岭植物区系的垂直梯度分析

为探讨山地植物区系构成特征及其垂直梯度的生态意义,根据对三峡大老岭地区植被垂直样带 调查获得的植物区系资料,分析了该地区植物区系成分构成的基本特征及其随海拔梯度的变化趋势,寻找了区系平衡点的位置;并利用聚类方法分析了山地气候垂直分异对区系成分构成的影响。结果表明：①大老岭植物区系具有温带性质,但仍反映了与热带区系的历史联系,有强烈的区域性;②属的分布区类型可归为热带分布、温带分布、地中海—中亚中心和东亚中心4组,各组区系成分的垂直梯度特征不同;热带、亚热带成分与温带成分的平衡点大致位于海拔650m;③区系成分构成和属的物种数量构成的聚类分析结果一致显示了植物区系构成与山地气候和植被垂直带相对应的格局。     

滇东南热带雨林种子植物区系的初步研究

通过对滇东南地区热带雨林植被的初步调查 ,统计滇东南热带雨林种子植物区系有种子植物 119科 ,378属 ,6 73种 (包括变种和亚种 )。种子植物分布区类型组成是主产热带和亚热带的科占 82 .35% ;热带分布属占非世界属数的 93.87% ;典型热带分布种占总种数的 75.93%。热带分布属中以亚洲热带分布属最多 ,占非世界属数的 4 0 .2 7% ;典型热带分布种中以热带亚洲分布及其变型越南 (印度支那 )至云南 (华南 )分布占比例最高 ,分别为 71.4 7%和 16 .34 %。分布区类型分析表明滇东南热带雨林种子植物区系具有热带亚洲区系的特点 ,属于古热带植物区中的马来亚森林植物亚区之中的北部湾区系。进一步分析表明此区系具热带北缘的性质。分布区类型的组成也表明此区系古特有种丰富。     

西双版纳植物区系的特点与亲缘

西双版纳植物区系经初步资料整理统计有种子植物 3336种 ,隶属于 1 1 4 0个属 ,大约 1 97个科。植物区系成分构成是热带分布的科和属分别占总科和属数的 60 .1 %和 83.5% ,在热带分布属中 ,又以热带亚洲成分占优势 (占 32 .8% )。通过植物区系组成和地理成分分析 ,认为该植物区系是热带性质的 ,属于热带亚洲区系的一部分 ,并带有明显热带边缘性质和几种地理成分交汇的特点。西双版纳植物区系与广西热带植物区系和海南热带植物区系在发生上同源 ,主要来自于古南大陆与古北大陆区系成分的融合 ,在发展上受热带亚洲植物区系的渗透和强烈影响。     

安徽省清凉峰自然保护区植物区系的研究

清凉峰自然保护区有维管束植物181科,601属,1228种,是安徽植物资源集中地之一。区系成分起源古老,孑遗种多,保存着丰富的珍稀、濒危植物。种子植物区系地理成分复杂,各类热带成分、温带成分、中国特有成分分别占本区种子植物属总数的33.6%、62.96%、3.44%,显示了本区植物区系的亚热带特性。本区植物区系97.6%的成分与华东植物区系共有,且含华东特有种111种,具有典型华东植物区系特征。本区植物区系与西天目山、黄山植物区系关系最密切,其次为大别山和庐山,再次为神农架。     

Geological History,Flora, and Vegetation of Xishuangbanna,Southern Yunnan,China1

Xishuangbanna of southern Yunnan is biogeographically located at a transitional zone from tropical Southeast (SE) Asia to subtropical East Asia, and is at the junction of the Indian and Burmese plates of Gondwana and the Eurasian plate of Laurasia. The flora of the region consists of a recorded 3336 native seed plant species, belonging to 1140 genera in 197 families, among which 83.5 percent are tropical genera and 32.8 percent are endemic to tropical Asia, suggesting a strong affinity to tropical Asian flora. The vegetation of Xishuangbanna is organized into four forest types: tropical rain forest, tropical seasonal moist forest, tropical montane evergreen broad‐leaved forest, and tropical monsoon forest. The tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna has the same floristic composition of families and genera as some lowland equatorial rain forests in SE Asia, and is dominated (with a few exceptions) by the same families both in species richness and stem dominance. The exceptions include some deciduous trees in the canopy layer, fewer megaphanerophytes and epiphytes, and a higher abundance of lianas and microphyllic plants. We consider the tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna as a type of tropical Asian rain forest, based on their conspicuous similarities in ecological and floristic characteristics.     

江西宜黄中华秋沙鸭省级自然保护区种子植物区系分析

通过样线法对江西宜黄中华秋沙鸭省级自然保护区进行植物区系调查。结果表明：(1) 该保护区共有野生种子植物119科428属776种,以禾本科、蔷薇科、菊科等为优势科,以蓼属和悬钩子属为优势属;(2) 单种科属和寡种科属的比例较高,表明该区植物区系分化较明显;(3) 种子植物科可以分成8个分布型7个变型,科的区系热/温比为2.43,表现出区系的隐域性及与热带植物区系联系密切;(4) 种子植物属可以分成14个正型15个变型,属的区系热/温比为1.05,区系性质表现为热带向温带过渡。     

云南石林地区石灰岩山地种子植物区系成分的研究

云南石林是我国为数不多的世界地质公园。分析了云南石林地区石灰岩山地植物区系从科到种的 组成特征。调查统计分析的植物共有维管植物147科533属889种,其中种子植物占133科508属846种。 种子植物科级区系成分中,以亚热带科为主,暖温带科次之。属级区系成分中,热带分布属占优势,占总属数 的56．2％,温带分布属也占近三分之一,这表明该植物区系的过渡性即亚热带性质。在其种级区系组成中,中 国特有种有328种,占总种数的40％,其次是东亚分布种和热带亚洲分布种。石林石灰岩山地种子植物区系, 从科到种的组成都充分说明了该植物区系的亚热带性质及组成上的独特性。