A revision of the genus Telomerina Roháček (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)

Abstract. The genus Telomerina Roháč;ek (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) is revised to include twelve species: five Palaearctic, five Nearctic, one Holarctic and one cosmopolitan. The five Neartic species, chillcotti, orpha, submerda, carta and pengellyi are described as new. The male of T.eburnea Roháček is described; T.gracilipennis (Spuler) is synonomized with T.flavipes (Meigen) and T.antonini Roháček is synonomized with T.levifrons (Spuler). The larva and pupa of T.flavipes are described. A phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is presented along with a discussion of its zoogeography.     

A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna

Twenty-one species of Chalarus Walker are described from Europe, 11 of them new. The puparial remains of 15 species are described. Type material of all previously described Chalarus species except C. velutinus (Macquart, 1835) was examined. The status of C. holosericeus (Meigen, 1824) is revised, and exiguus (Haliday, 1833) is confirmed as a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for C. holosericeus and C. spurius (Fallén, 1816). Five species-groups are tentatively proposed. Separate keys to females and males are given. The status of Chalarus species described from outside Europe is discussed, and two of these, C. kamijoi Morakote, in Morakote & Hirashima (1990) and C. konishii Morakote, in Morakote & Hirashima (1990), are synonymized with fimbriatus Coe and exiguus (Haliday) respectively. The functional significance of some taxonomic characters, particularly of the eyes and ovipositor, is discussed.     

中国萝潜蝇属分类研究 (双翅目: 潜蝇科)

研究了中国萝潜蝇属Napomyza Westwood,确认该属在我国现知下列6种：环萝潜蝇Napomyza annulipes (Meigen),角萝潜蝇N.hirticornis(Hendel),菊茎萝潜蝇N.lateralis (Fallen),拟土萝潜蝇N.paratripolii sp. Nov.,毛萝潜蝇N. plumea Spencer和西藏萝潜蝇N. xizangensis sp. Nov.。除描述二新种并附特征图外, 还提供中国已知种类的鉴别特征和分种检索表。     

中国细长蚁属系统分类研究(膜翅目,蚁科)

在中国记载细长蚁属Tetraponera F. Smith昆虫13种,其中在云南省描述5新种,报道中国1新纪录种.编制了工蚁的分种检索表.评论了该属中国种类的分类历史.13个已知种依次是红黑细长蚁T.rufonigra(Jerdon),凹唇细长蚁T.concava sp.nov.,宾氏细长蚁T.binghami(Forel),狭唇细长蚁T.attenuata F.Smith,显赫细长蚁T.notabilis Ward,光亮细长蚁T.nitida(F.Smith),隆背细长蚁T.convexa sp.nov.,榕细长蚁T.microcarpa Wu et Wang,叉唇细长蚁T.furcata sp.nov.,尖唇细长蚁T.protensa sp.nov.,飘细长蚁T.allaborans(Walker),无缘细长蚁T.amargina sp.nov,平静细长蚁T.modesta(F.Smith).显赫细长蚁T.notabilis Ward为中国新纪录种.     

Immature stages of some aphidophagous syrphid flies of India (Insecta, Diptera, Syrphidae)

Immature stages, viz. egg, larva and puparium, of six species of the economically most important syrphid flies, Scaeva latimaculata (Brunetti), Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius), Episyrphus altemans (Macquart), Sphaerophoria Indiana Bigot, Metasyrphus confrater (Wiedemann), and M. latilunulatus (Collin), have been studied. These species are voracious feeders on three aphid species, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), which are serious pests of mustard, Brassica campestris L.     

中国羽角实蝇属分类研究(双翅目: 实蝇科)

对中国实蝇科的羽角实蝇属Gastrozona Bezzi 进行了全面概述和厘订,本属在我国现知共有8种, 其中包括一个新种：汉氏羽角实蝇G. hancochi sp. Nov.;一个中国新记录种：微连羽角实蝇G. soror (Schiner)。附脉羽角实蝇G. appendiculata Zia 以前曾被误作是笋黄羽角实蝇G. fasciventris（Macquart）的同物异名,现提出恢复其种的地位。 除描述新种外,还提供中国羽角实蝇属已知种类的鉴别特征、分种检索表及其特征图。     

The Neotropical species of Drapetis Meigen (Diptera: Empididae)

Abstract The Neotropical species of Drapetis Meigen are reviewed, and eight new species are described: alimacula , from Trinidad; atrinervalis , from Bahamas; naevia , from El Salvador; onconeura , from Costa Rica; steyskali , from Mexico; stictica , from Jamaica; tibialis , from Panama; and tuberculata , from Costa Rica. A lectotype is designated for Drapetis divergens Loew; Drapetis intermedia Smith is newly synonymized with divergens Loew. Two new species groups are described, the divergens group and the naica group. Two keys are provided: one distinguishing the Neotropical species of Drapetis ; the other distinguishing Drapetis Meigen, Crossopalpus Bigot and Elaphropeza Macquart. Drapetis flavicornis Melander, inermis Melander and zonalis Curran are assigned to Elaphropeza Macquart, new combinations, and redescribed. The heretofore unknown male of Elaphropeza flavicornis is described.     

Grassflies (Diptera, Chloropidae) in the middle Lena valley (Central Yakutia)

Sixty-one species of grassflies (Diptera, Chloropidae) have been found in the meadows in the middle Lena valley, Central Yakutia. Differences between the grassfly taxocenoses of different parts of the valley depend on specific features of a particular plant community. The dominant and subdominant chloropid species are distinguished. The differences of the riparian fauna from the complexes inhabiting the alases in Yakutia are shown. Six species of grassflies are recorded for Yakutia for the first time, all of them belonging to the subfamily Oscinellinae: Polyodaspis ruficornis Macquart, Tricimba cincta Meigen, Aphanotrigonum trilineatum Meigen, Trachysiphonella scutellata v. Roser, Rhopalopterum anthracinum Meigen, and Rh. fasciolum Meigen     

Results of studying the types of species of the genus Chrysopilus (Diptera, Rhagionidae) from the collection of the Natural History Museum of the Humboldt University (Berlin, Germany): Communication 3

Communication 3 presents the results of studying the types of Chrysopilus auratus (Fabr.), Ch. aureus (Meigen), Ch. aureus meridionalis Bezzi, Ch. splendidus (Meigen), and Ch. luteolus (Fallén). Two new species, Ch. subauratus sp. n. and Ch. subsplendidus sp. n., are described. The results of examination of 19 species of the genus are given.     

Vasodilatory activity in horsefly and deerfly salivary glands

Salivary gland extract (SGE) of four horsefly species (Hybomitra bimaculata Macquart, Hybomitra ciureai Séguy, Tabanus bromius L., Tabanus glaucopis Meigen) and one deerfly species (Chrysops relictus Meigen) (Diptera: Tabanidae) were shown to contain vasodilatory activity. Aliquots equivalent to 1, 5 and 10 pairs of salivary glands (SG) relaxed rat femoral artery (with intact endothelium) pre-constricted with phenylephrine. Vasodilatory activity was dose-dependent. SGE of one horsefly species (Haematopota pluvialis L.) did not induce relaxation. The kinetics of vasodilation induced by SGE of four horsefly species differed from the deerfly. These results indicate that tabanid species may produce more than one type of vasodilator to aid blood feeding.     

Isozyme Variation and Ploidy Levels within the Apomictic Ranunculus auricomus Complex: Evidence for a Sexual Progenitor Species in Southeastern Austria

Abstract: Allozyme variation of 11 enzymes in each of three populations of the diploid species Ranunculus notabilis and the tetraploid R. variabilis of the predominantly apomictic R. auricomus complex has been studied by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Genetic interpretation of electrophoretic patterns is supported by chromosome counts and densitometric ploidy level determination. R. notabilis is confirmed as diploid (2 n = 16), and R. variabilis as tetraploid (2 n = 32). Two triploids and one tetraploid individual were sorted out as putative hybrids. Genetic variability measures based on both allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies were calculated for 13 polymorphic loci. Allelic and genotypic variation in R. notabilis is similar to other sexual plants, and the species is shown to be an outbreeder and not a dihaploid apomict. Corresponding values in R. variabilis confirm a previously assumed clonal population structure. A higher frequency of observed heterozygotes in R. variabilis indicates its hybridogenous origin and the lack of meiosis. Putative hybrids showed combinations of morphological phenotype and electrophoretic patterns of both species. Genetic identity is high among species (0.905), but still lower than within species ( R. notabilis : 0.965, R. variabilis : 0.940); corresponding distance values allow a clear separation of the two species in a dendrogram. Genetic identity and distance values between R. notabilis and R. variabilis resemble those of other progenitor-derivative species pairs. The results favour the hypothesis that R. notabilis is an ancient sexual species of the R. auricomus complex and also one progenitor of the presumably allopolyploid R. variabilis.     

Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Kröber genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera

The phylogenetic relationships of the Taenogera genus-group, consisting of nine genera, are examined using cladistic methods. Twenty-one species representing nine genera and one outgroup were compared in a cladistic analysis across 99 states in 44 characters. The genus Taenogera Kröber is revised to contain only T. longa (Schiner), T. nitida (Macquart) and T. notatithorax Mann. Two new genera are described and figured: Actenomeros gen. n., with two species, A. corniculaticaudus sp. n. and A. onyx sp. n.; and Taenogerella gen. n., with four species, Ta. elizabethae sp. n., Ta. platina sp. n., Ta. schlingeri sp. n. and Ta . nigrapicalis (Mann) comb. n. Phylogenetic analysis also supports the removal of Nanexila gracilis (Mann) comb. n. from Taenogera .     

Vector roles of Fennoscandian mosquitoes attracted to mammals, birds and frogs

1. Mosquitoes were sampled with five suction traps, from May to October 1983, at a forest site in south-central Sweden. 2. Twenty-three species of mosquitoes were identified among the total of 3108 females collected: 4% of them in an unbaited trap, 3% in a trap baited with two frogs, 24% with a guinea-pig, 28% with a hen and 40% in a trap baited with a rabbit. 3. The dominant species of Culicidae trapped were 39% Aedes communis (De Geer), 21% Ae. cinereus Meigen, 14% Coquillettidia richiardii (Ficalbi), 8% Ae. punctor (Kirby) and 4% Culiseta morsitans (Theobald). 4. Aedes annulipes (Meigen), Ae. cantans (Meigen), Ae. cinereus, Ae. communis and Ae. punctor were mostly attracted to the rabbit, whereas Culiseta morsitans, Culex pipiens L. and/or Cx torrentium Martini were strongly ornithophilic. 5. Based on these and previously published data the ecological and behavioural potential of the mosquitoes to transmit Sindbis, Inkoo, Tahyna and Batai viruses, tularaemia (caused by Francisella tularensis) and Ixodes-borne borreliosis (caused by Borrelia burgdorferi) in Fennoscandia is discussed. 6. The data support the hypothesis that Sindbis virus, which is enzootic in bird populations in Fennoscandia, is vectored between birds by Cx pipiens/torrentium and Cs. morsitans, and that abundant Aedes spp., particularly Ae. cinereus, which feed on both birds and mammals, are primary link vectors from infective birds to man and other mammals.     

Taxonomy of the genus Scatella Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Ephydridae) in Korea

The genus Scatella Robineau‐Desvoidy, including S. callosicosta Bezzi, S. nipponica Miyagi, S. paludum (Meigen) and S. stagnalis (Fallén), is reported for the first time in Korea. A key to the Korean species, and reports of their domestic localities, are given. Some illustrations of male and female genitalic structures are included.     

Hemerodromiinae (Diptera: Empididae): a tentative phylogeny and biogeographical discussion

A cladistic analysis of adult morphological characters was used to hypothesize phylogenetic and zoogeographical relationships in Hemerodromiinae (Diptera: Empididae). Afrodromia Smith, Drymodromia Becker and an undescribed Chilean genus subtended a sister‐group relationship between the tribes Chelipodini and Hemerodromiini. Chelipodozus Smith and an undescribed Australian genus were supported only weakly in Hemerodromiini, and are regarded as incertae sedis within Hemerodromiinae. In Chelipodini, Anaclastoctedon Plant and an undescribed Australian genus subtended all others that form two sister‐group clades. (i) A widespread Chelipoda‐like group comprising Achelipoda Yang, Zhang & Zhang, Ptilophyllodromia Bezzi, Chelipoda Macquarts.s. and Phyllodromia Zetterstedt s.s. has a worldwide distribution, excepting the Afrotropical, considered to date from before or during the early phase of Gondwanan fragmentation. Phyllodromia s.s. is an exclusively Palaearctic genus of doubtful validity, to which Southern Hemisphere forms have been assigned incorrectly. Ptilophyllodromia Bezzi syn.n . is regarded as a junior synonym of Chelipoda, with the included species relegated to a species group. (ii) An austral Chelipoda‐like group confined to New Zealand, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Vanuatu, includes Monodromia Collin and species currently incorrectly assigned to Chelipoda and Phyllodromia. The group is hypothesized as a relictual Gondwanan element that has survived Oligocene drowning as metapopulations persisting in situ on ephemeral islands along arcs, ridges and buoyant crustal blocks overlying hot spots in New Zealand and the Southwest Pacific. In the tribe Hemerodromiini, many Southern Hemisphere species assigned currently to Hemerodromia Meigen, Cladodromia Bezzi and Neoplasta Coquillett require reassignment. The sister‐group relationship between the southern African endemic Afrodromia and other Hemerodromiinae is viewed as evidence of early divergence of Hemerodromiinae and Empidinae by the early Cretaceous, pre‐dating major Gondwanan fragmentation. An assessment of fossil forms indicated that Chelifera detestata (Meunier) from Eocene/Oligocene Baltic amber is the only genuine described fossil representative of Hemerodromiinae.     

A revision of the western Palaearctic species of Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract A key is provided to twenty-four western Palaearctic species of Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy. The hosts of twenty-three species which attack Asteraceae are listed, including those being used or investigated as possible weed biocontrol agents. The species are divided into four species groups and the differing host relationships and types of galls induced by these groups are discussed. U.lopholomae sp.n. and U.affinis ssp. calcitrapae ssp.n., associated with Centaurea (Lopholoma) spp. and C. (Calcitrapa) spp. respectively, are described. U. algerica (Hering) and U.sjumorum (Rohdendorf) are both treated as subspecies of U. quadrifasciata (Meigen). U.pontica is given full specific status and U.hispanica is removed from synonymy. The following new synonymies are made (junior synonyms in parentheses): U. angustifascia (Hering) (= Euribia phaeocera Hering); U. cardui (Linnaeus) (= U. reaumurii Robineau-Desvoidy, lectotype designated); U. jaceana (Hering) (= E.conyzae Hering); U.maura (Frauenfeld) (= E. tecta Hering); U. mauritanica Macquart (= U. lejura Rondani, Trypeta macrura Loew); U.solstitialis (Linnaeus) (= E.sonderupi Hering, U. veruata Rondani ); U.stylata (Fabricius) (= E.pia Hering, U. vulcaanica Rondani); U. terebrans (Loew) (= E. approximata Hering, T. eriolepidis Loew, E. manni Hendel). The possibility that U. quadrifasciata is a species complex is discussed; it is also suggested that U.affinis and U.jaceana represent the morphological extremes of a complex. The misuse of the name Musca stylata Fabricius in the genus Myopites Blot is noted.     

The species of Phora (Diptera: Phoridae) of Costa Rica

The Phora of Costa Rica were reviewed and three species, all belonging to Schmitz's Group III, were recognized: P. americana Schmitz and Wirth, P. truncata new species and P. paramericana new species. Of the three species, P. americana is by far the most abundant, with the other two species being rarely collected. All specimens were collected in the central highlands of the country. The previous record of the Holarctic Region species P. stictica Meigen from Costa Rica was found to be based on a misidentification of P. truncata.     

Revision of the fruit fly genus Capparimyia (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Capparimyia Bezzi is revised and eight species recognized, of which four are new: C. aenigma sp. nov., C. maerua sp. nov., C. mirabilis sp. nov., and C. spatulata sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for C. bipustulata (Bezzi, 1923), C. savastani (Martelli) and C. melanaspis (Bezzi). Capparimyia aristata nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Pardalaspis (now Capparimyia ) bipustulata Bezzi, 1924 (preoccupied Bezzi, 1923). All species are described or re-described, with illustrations of mesonotal and wing patterns and male and female terminalia. A key to species is provided. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus are analysed cladistically and considered vis-à-vis the relationships between the host plants. Distribution patterns are discussed.