Lipopolysaccharide aggravates cerebral pathology in B10.PL-derived CD1-/-, beta2m-/-, TCRalpha-/-, and TCRdelta-/- knockout mice

Adult B10.PL-derived immunological genes knockout mice injected with 100 microg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed severe hydrocephalus and meningitis. A consequence of the hydrocephalus is pineal hyperplasia, sponginess of periventricular parenchyma, gliosis and, at the last stage of hydrocephalus formation, disappearance of the ependymal layer and the Gomori-positive subependymal astrocytes. Possible mechanisms for the aggravation of cerebral pathology induced by LPS are discussed.     

Teaching basic gastrointestinal physiology using classic papers by Dr. Walter B. Cannon

The movements of the gastrointestinal tract, as described by Walter B. Cannon 100 years ago, reveal much about the functions of this unique organ and how it is controlled by the body. Two classic papers by Cannon provide a rare glimpse into the hidden functions of the body and give students a great example of the scientific method in action. In this essay, we describe the basic movements and functions of the gastrointestinal tract as revealed by X-rays, contrast meals, and Cannon's careful observations. It is Cannon's experimental care and obvious interest in his subject matter that can provide your students with a taste of the excitement of discovery and insight into the processes by which experimental science moves forward.