亚稀褶黑菇和稀褶黑菇的ITS序列分析

对亚稀褶黑菇和稀褶黑菇的ITS全序列进行了测定和比较,首次报道了亚稀褶黑菇的ITS1和5.8S区域。在ITS区域中,不同采集地的亚稀褶黑菇与稀褶黑菇的5.8S rDNA具有100%的同源性,而两侧ITS之间表现出种内和种间的多态性,种内的差异均不超过5%,种间的差异达10%左右。ITS序列分析方法可以作为两者的鉴定方法。     

亚稀褶黑菇和稀褶黑菇的ITS序列分析

对亚稀褶黑菇和稀褶黑菇的ITS全序列进行了测定和比较,首次报道了亚稀褶黑菇的ITS1和5．8s区域。在ITS区域中,不同采集地的亚稀褶黑菇与稀褶黑菇的5．8S rDNA具有100％的同源性,而两侧ITS之间表现出种内和种间的多态性,种内的差异均不超过5％,种间的差异达10％左右。ITS序列分析方法可以作为两者的鉴定方法。     

亚稀褶黑菇和稀褶黑菇的ITS序列分析

对亚稀褶黑菇和稀褶黑菇的ITS全序列进行了测定和比较,首次报道了亚稀褶黑菇的ITS1和5.8S区域.在ITS区域中,不同采集地的亚稀褶黑菇与稀褶黑菇的5.8S rDNA具有100%的同源性,而两侧ITS之间表现出种内和种间的多态性,种内的差异均不超过5%,种间的差异达10%左右.ITS序列分析方法可以作为两者的鉴定方法.     

两种外生菌根真菌在辽东栎幼苗上的混合接种效应

 辽东栎（Quercus liaotungensis）是中国暖温带落叶阔叶林的主要优势树种之一。铆钉菇（Gomphidius viscidus）和臭红菇（Russula foetens）是在自然环境中与其共生形成外生菌根的真菌。在前期工作证明铆钉菇和臭红菇接种对辽东栎幼苗生长有明显促进作用并以两菌种混合接种效果较好的基础上,探讨了不同的接种量和两个菌种不同比例的混合接种对辽东栎幼苗生长和氮、磷养分的影响。对应于试验的12、18、24 g·pot-1 3个接种量处理,随着接种量的增加,辽东栎幼苗的菌根侵染率增加,铆钉菇菌根的比例增加,而臭红菇菌根的比例减少。辽东栎幼苗的生物量、株高、净光合速率和全株的全氮、全磷含量,均以18 g·pot-1接种量的最高。当接种物中铆钉菇∶臭红菇的比例分别为2∶1、1∶1、1∶2时,辽东栎幼苗的菌根侵染率分别为96.54%、91.02%、92.13%,但彼此间差异不显著。随着接种物中铆钉菇比例的减少,铆钉菇菌根所占比例由42.49%降为23.33%,而臭红菇菌根的比例由57.51%增加为76.67%。辽东栎幼苗的生物量和净光合速率均是以接种比例为1∶1的最高。接种比例为1∶1的辽东栎幼苗的全氮含量也是最高的,并且与另两种接种比例处理的差异显著,而对于全株的全磷含量,则是随着接种物中臭红菇的比例增加而增加。     

PEG介导的柱状田头菇遗传转化体系建立

柱状田头菇（茶树菇）Agrocybe aegerita是一种美味的食用菌,具有极高的经济价值。随着其全基因组测序的完成,功能基因组学研究也逐渐展开,其中,高效的遗传转化体系作为技术基础成为研究重点。本研究以柱状田头菇原生质体为受体、潮霉素抗性基因（hph）作为筛选标记,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因（egfp）为报告基因,应用PEG介导法进行柱状田头菇遗传转化体系研究。结果表明,150μg/mL潮霉素可以完全抑制柱状田头菇的生长。30℃下用2%裂解酶液酶解菌丝3h,能够获得最大得率的原生质体。通过PEG介导将构建好的DNA片段转化入柱状田头菇原生质体,通过潮霉素抗性筛选获得转化子,转化得率达到7个/μg DNA。PCR验证和荧光显微镜观察,外源片段成功转入柱状田头菇中并稳定表达。本研究建立的PEG介导转化体系,为柱状田头菇基因功能研究提供了技术基础。     

松乳菇的研究与开发

松乳菇 (Ｌａｃｌａｒｉｕｓｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓｕｓ) ,又名美味松乳菇 ,雁鹅菌 ,松杉菌 ,松菌 ,茶花菌 ,系红乳菇科(Ｒｕｓｓｎｌａｃｅａｅ) ,乳菇属 (Ｌａｃｔａｒｉｕｓ)真菌。其肉质细嫩 ,味道鲜美独特 ,营养丰富 ,不仅可食用 ,也可药用。在湖南等地被视为山中珍品 ,市场上十分走俏。松乳菇与松口磨、美味牛肝菌等菌一样 ,都属于菌根菌 ,与松、杉、柏等树种形成菌根菌。这类菌与植物共生 ,有特殊的生态条件、营养方式和子实体分化发育条件 ,对它的研究与驯化有很大难度。因此 ,目前尚不能人工栽培 ,市场供应全依赖于野生采集 ,由于市场紧…     

中国西南乳菇属乳菇亚属的七个新种（英文）

报道了乳菇属乳菇亚属的7个新种。它们为中国西南地区亚热带-热带或亚高山带森林下具代表性的乳菇物种。窄环乳菇Lactarius angustizonatus、淡环纹乳菇L.pallidizonatus、淡黄褐乳菇L.pallido-ochraceus和中华环纹乳菇L.sinozonarius属于环纹乳菇亚组L.subsect.Zonarii,近短柄乳菇L.subbrevipes属于窝柄黄乳菇亚组L.subsect.Scrobiculati,紫栗色乳菇L.purpureocastaneus归属于淡白乳菇组L.sect.Pallidini。短囊体乳菇L.brachycystidiatus以其干燥具鳞片的菌盖和较粗的盖表皮菌丝暂被置于具色乳菇组L.sect.Colorati。文中提供了这7个种的外观和显微特征描述、与其相近种的形态对比和ITS序列。     

紫孢侧耳栽培期基质中纤维素类的降解和有关酶活的变化

以棉籽壳为基质栽培紫孢侧耳（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｔｕｓｓａｐｉｄｕｓ）,分别在菌丝长满期、菇蕾期、一茬菇和二茬菇时测定培养料中纤维素和半纤维素含量的变化以及纤维素酶（ＣＭＣ酶）和半纤维素酶活性的变化。结果表明：从接种到一茬菇时期,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶活不断升高,此后,迅速降低;基质中两种酶的底物含量降低速度以菇蕾一一茬菇时最大。菇蕾期后,两种底物的减少量多,菇蕾期以前较少。菇蕾期以前半纤维素降解稍多,菇蕾期以后纤维素降解较多。     

中国小菇属十个新记录种

报道了小菇科小菇属真菌10个中国新记录种,香菌组：橙盖小菇Mycena aurantiidisca、黄白小菇Mycena flavoalba、粉黄小菇Mycena floridula;棘刺组：异刺小菇Mycena heteracantha;纤柄组：碱味小菇Mycena amygdalina;脆足组：粉被小菇Mycena zephirus;冬生组：绣线菊小菇Mycena speirea、冬生小菇Mycena hiemalis;小菇组：绒柄小菇Mycena flos-nivium,分别来自吉林等11个省份、自治区。提供了每个物种的形态描述和线条图,以及与相近种的讨论。共计90条自测及下载ITS序列,在采用贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建的小菇属系统发育树中,新记录种均得到分子数据支持。凭证标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

两种大型真菌菌丝体对重金属的耐受和富集特性

用平板培养法检测大型真菌秀珍菇和猪肚菇菌丝体对重金属铬、铅和锰的耐受及富集特性。分别测定了3种重金属不同浓度处理下秀珍菇和猪肚菇的菌落直径、菌丝体干重和菌丝体中的重金属含量。结果表明:秀珍菇和猪肚菇菌丝体对Cr的耐受特性和耐受能力相当,二者的菌落直径和菌丝体干重均随Cr处理浓度的增加先升高后降低,生长抑制率为50%的Cr浓度都约为200 mg/L,对铬的最大耐受浓度都为500 mg/L。秀珍菇菌丝体对Pb敏感,100 mg/L的Pb即可极显著的抑制秀珍菇菌丝的生长,而猪肚菇则直到500 mg/L的Pb,菌丝体的生长都未受显著影响;二者生长抑制率为50%的Pb浓度分别为100 mg/L和700 mg/L,最大耐受浓度分别为1000 mg/L和2000 mg/L;因此,猪肚菇对Pb的耐受能力比秀珍菇强。秀珍菇不耐锰,而猪肚菇对锰表现出相对较高的耐受能力,生长抑制率为50%的Mn浓度约为1000 mg/L,最大耐受能力为6000 mg/L。秀珍菇菌丝体对Cr和Pb、猪肚菇菌丝体对Cr和Mn均没有达到超富集。但猪肚菇菌丝体中Pb的含量可达1125.56 mg/kg(干重),达到超富集水平,暗示猪肚菇可能是铅超富集大型真菌。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.