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1.
Heterochromatin in the European field vole, Microtus agrestis, was studied using a special staining technique and DNA/RNA in situ hybridization. The heterochromatin composed the proximal 1/4 of the short arm and the entire long arm of the X chromosome, practically the entire Y chromosome and the centromeric areas of the autosomes. By using the DNA/RNA in situ hybridization technique, repeated nucleotide sequences are shown to be in the heterochromatin of the sex chromosomes. 相似文献
2.
A. O. Saidzhafarova G. N. Artemov T. V. Karamysheva N. B. Rubtsov V. N. Stegnii 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(1):49-53
Using the method of microdissection of polytene chromosomes, followed by in situ hybridization, chromosomal localization of region-specific DNA probe from pericentic heterochromatin of chromosome 2L of Anopheles beklemishevi Stegnii et Kabanova was examined on polytene chromosomes of Anopheles atroparvus van Thiel, An. messeae Fall, and An. beklemishevi. DNA sequences homologous to the probe used were found in all species examined on chromosomes 2 and 3 in pericentric regions and in attachment regions. The exclusion were the attachment regions of chromosome XL in An. beklemishevi and An. messeae, and pericentric region of arm 2R in An. messeae. Pericentric α -heterochromatin of arm 2L in An. messeae and arm 3R in An. atroparvus also contained no sequences homologous to the DNA probe. The data obtained were compared with the earlier obtained data on localization of species-specific probe from the segment of chromosome 2R of An. atroparvus on chromosomes of An. artoparvus, An. messeae, and An. beklemishevi. The differences between the species in the sites of probes localization and fluorescence intensity revealed pointed to the existence of individual sequence associations in the regions of chromosomes attachment. 相似文献
3.
Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of three Cucurbitaceae species from different genera was conducted using 5S and 45S rDNA probes. In Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (2n=24), the 45S rDNA probe hybridized on two chromosomes, one in the short arm of a medium-sized metacentric chromosome and another at the satellite of a chromosome. The 5S rDNA hybridized at a site proximal to the centromere of the same short arm of the 45S rRNA gene locus that occupied almost the entire short arm. For Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai (2n=22), the 45S rDNA probe hybridized at sites in the short arms of two chromosomes and the 5S rDNA probe was co-localized with the 45S rRNA locus at the region proximal to the centromere in one chromosome. The 45S rRNA loci occupied almost all of the short arms in both chromosomes. In Cucurbita moschata Duch. (2n=40), the 45S rDNA probe hybridized in five chromosomes in which the 45S rRNA genes occupied almost two-thirds of the chromosomes in two large chromosomes and the entire short arm of a medium-sized chromosome. Two other loci were present in two medium-sized chromosomes, one in the proximal region in the short arm of a chromosome and another at the tip of the long arm of a chromosome. Chromosomes of B. hispida were relatively larger than those of the other two species. The karyotype of B. hispida is composed of two metacentrics and 10 submetacentrics, while that of C. lanatus is composed of seven metacentrics and four submetacentrics and that of C. moschata is composed of 18 metacentrics and two submetacentrics. Comparative chromosome evolution among the three Cucurbitaceae species was attempted using the karyotypes and the chromosomal distribution patterns of the 5S and 45S rDNAs. The results presented herein will be useful in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships among Cucurbitaceae species, and will provide basic data for their breeding programs. 相似文献
4.
L. S. Melnikova I. V. Krivega P. G. Georgiev A. K. Golovnin 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2007,43(12):1415-1419
5.
M. D. Permyakova A. V. Permyakov S. V. Osipova T. A. Pshenichnikova A. A. Shishparenok E. G. Rudikovskaya A. V. Rudikovsky V. V. Verkhoturov A. Börner 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2017,64(1):28-40
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the phenotypic expression of the activity of different forms of lipoxygenase (LOX) under water deficit were detected in the chromosomes of the D-genome using intogression lines of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. Chinese Spring (Synthetic 6x). QTL associated with the activity of seed soluble LOX was identified on the short arm of chromosome 4D. The activity of membranebound form of enzyme in the seedlings was mapped to the short arm, while that of a soluble form was on the long arm of chromosome 5D. Two regions responsible for the activity of soluble LOX in the leaves were found on the short arm of chromosome 2D. Three QTLs associated with the activities of chloroplast LOXs were found on the same chromosome: the activity of the soluble form was linked to Xgwm261 and Xgwm539 markers, and the membrane form to Xgdm93 marker. QTLs for the activities of both soluble and membrane-bound LOX in the leaves were identified in the centromeric region of chromosome 7D. The activities of two membrane enzymes in the leaves were linked to Xgdm130 marker on the short arm of this chromosome. Loci associated with the activity of different LOX forms colocalized with QTLs for the shoot mass, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, content of photosynthetic pigments, and grain productivity of wheat. A correlation between these parameters and the LOX activity was detected and it was shown that various forms of the enzyme were differentially involved in the adaptation of wheat plants to water deficit. The current paper discusses their presumed physiological role. 相似文献
6.
Karyotypes of Chironomus fraternus Wülker (2n = 8) (cytocomplex thummi) and Ch. beljaninae Wülker (2n = 6) (cytocomplex modified thummi) from the aberratus group are described. Both species are recorded for the first time for the Russian fauna. Their karyotypes are similar in the banding sequences of chromosome arms A, C, D, E, and F, which suggests that Ch. fraternus and Ch. beljaninae are sister species. Besides the chromosome number, the two species differ in some karyotype markers, the amount of heterochromatin in the centromeres, and the chromosome arm combinations (AB, CD, EF, G in Ch. fraternus and GAB, CD, EF in Ch. beljaninae). 相似文献
7.
Naeela Qureshi Harbans Bariana Kerrie Forrest Matthew Hayden Beat Keller Thomas Wicker Justin Faris Elena Salina Urmil Bansal 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(3):495-504
Key message
Fine mapping of Yr47 and Lr52 in chromosome arm 5BS of wheat identified close linkage of the marker sun180 to both genes and its robustness for marker-assisted selection was demonstrated.Abstract
The widely effective and genetically linked rust resistance genes Yr47 and Lr52 have previously been mapped in the short arm of chromosome 5B in two F3 populations (Aus28183/Aus27229 and Aus28187/Aus27229). The Aus28183/Aus27229 F3 population was advanced to generate an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population to identify markers closely linked with Yr47 and Lr52. Diverse genomic resources including flow-sorted chromosome survey sequence contigs representing the orthologous region in Brachypodium distachyon, the physical map of chromosome arm 5BS, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) located in the 5BS6-0.81-1.00 deletion bin and resistance gene analog contigs of chromosome arm 5BS were used to develop markers to saturate the target region. Selective genotyping was also performed using the iSelect 90 K Infinium wheat SNP assay. A set of SSR, STS, gene-based and SNP markers were developed and genotyped on the Aus28183/Aus27229 RIL population. Yr47 and Lr52 are genetically distinct genes that mapped 0.4 cM apart in the RIL population. The SSR marker sun180 co-segregated with Lr52 and mapped 0.4 cM distal to Yr47. In a high resolution mapping population of 600 F2 genotypes Yr47 and Lr52 mapped 0.2 cM apart and marker sun180 was placed 0.4 cM distal to Lr52. The amplification of a different sun180 amplicon (195 bp) than that linked with Yr47 and Lr52 (200 bp) in 204 diverse wheat genotypes demonstrated its robustness for marker-assisted selection of these genes.8.
Joung-Ho Lee Jeong-Tak An Muhammad Irfan Siddique Koeun Han Seula Choi Jin-Kyung Kwon Byoung-Cheorl Kang 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2017,37(10):121
Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) threatens the agricultural production of peppers (Capsicum annuum) in Asia and Africa. In this study, we evaluated ChiVMV resistance in the four pepper varieties CV3, CV4, CV8, and CV9. Segregation analyses revealed that CV3 and CV8 contain the single dominant resistance gene Cvr1, and CV9 contains the single recessive resistance gene cvr4. SNP markers were developed and used to map the Cvr1 gene in CV3 to the short arm of chromosome 6 where NLR genes are clustered. In CV4 oligogenic resistance loci were detected. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) combined with modified sliding window approach mapped two resistance loci, to chromosomes 6 and 10. The development of SNP markers and the resulting knowledge of genomic positioning will assist in breeding ChiVMV-resistant pepper varieties and in the fine mapping of ChiVMV resistance genes. 相似文献
9.
Yong Wang Jingzhong Xie Huaizhi Zhang Bingmin Guo Shunzong Ning Yongxing Chen Ping Lu Qiuhong Wu Miaomiao Li Deyun Zhang Guanghao Guo Yan Zhang Dengcai Liu Shaokui Zou Jianwei Tang Hong Zhao Xicheng Wang Jun Li Wuyun Yang Tingjie Cao Guihong Yin Zhiyong Liu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(10):2191-2201
Key message
A stripe rust resistance gene YrZH22 was mapped by combined BSR-Seq and comparative genomics analyses to a 5.92 centimorgan (cM) genetic interval spanning a 4 Mb physical genomic region on wheat chromosome 4BL1.Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and severely threatens wheat production worldwide. The widely grown Chinese wheat cultivar Zhoumai 22 is highly resistant to the current prevailing PST race CYR34 (V26). Genetic analysis of F5:6 and F6:7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations indicated that adult-plant stripe rust resistance in Zhoumai 22 is controlled by a single gene, temporarily designated YrZH22. By applying bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq), 7 SNP markers were developed and SNP mapping showed that YrZH22 is located between markers WGGB105 and WGGB112 on chromosome arm 4BL. The corresponding genomic regions of the Chinese Spring 4BL genome assembly and physical map of Aegilops tauschii 4DL were selected for comparative genomics analyses to develop nine new polymorphic markers that were used to construct a high-resolution genetic linkage map of YrZH22. YrZH22 was delimited in a 5.92 cM genetic interval between markers WGGB133 and WGGB146, corresponding to 4.1 Mb genomic interval in Chinese Spring 4BL and a 2.2 Mb orthologous genomic region in Ae. tauschii 4DL. The genetic linkage map of YrZH22 will be valuable for fine mapping and positional cloning of YrZH22, and can be used for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding.10.
Huigai Sun Jinghuang Hu Wei Song Dan Qiu Lei Cui Peipei Wu Hongjun Zhang Hongwei Liu Li Yang Yunfeng Qu Yahui Li Teng Li Wei Cheng Yang Zhou Zhiyong Liu Jingting Li Hongjie Li 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(10):2085-2097
Key message
A single recessive powdery mildew resistance gene Pm61 from wheat landrace Xuxusanyuehuang was mapped within a 0.46-cM genetic interval spanning a 1.3-Mb interval of the genomic region of chromosome arm 4AL.Abstract
Epidemics of powdery mildew incited by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) have caused significant yield reductions in many wheat (Triticum aestivum)-producing regions. Identification of powdery mildew resistance genes is required for sustainable improvement of wheat for disease resistance. Chinese wheat landrace Xuxusanyuehuang was resistant to several Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis based on the inoculation of Bgt isolate E09 on the F1, F2, and F2:3 populations produced by crossing Xuxusanyuehuang to susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169 revealed that the resistance of Xuxusanyuehuang was controlled by a single recessive gene. Bulked segregant analysis and simple sequence repeat (SSR) mapping placed the gene on chromosome bin 4AL-4-0.80-1.00. Comparative genomics analysis was performed to detect the collinear genomic regions of Brachypodium distachyon, rice, sorghum, Aegilops tauschii, T. urartu, and T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. Based on the use of 454 contig sequences and the International Wheat Genome Sequence Consortium survey sequence of Chinese Spring wheat, four EST-SSR and seven SSR markers were linked to the gene. An F5 recombinant inbred line population derived from Xuxusanyuehuang?×?Mingxian 169 cross was used to develop the genetic linkage map. The gene was localized in a 0.46-cM genetic interval between Xgwm160 and Xicsx79 corresponding to 1.3-Mb interval of the genomic region in wheat genome. This is a new locus for powdery mildew resistance on chromosome arm 4AL and is designated Pm61.11.
Check of Gene Number during the Process of rDNA Magnification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
THE multiple sequences of rDNA (DNA complementary to ribosomal RNA) of the Drosophila genome are localized at the bobbed locus, located in the X chromosome, position 66 and in the short arm of the Y chromosome1,2. Wild bobbed (bb+) is that locus which, without a partner, gives rise to a normal phenotype. That locus which in similar conditions is incapable of giving rise to a normal phenotype is called a bobbed mutation (bb) and contains fewer genes for rRNA. The number of genes for rRNA in different individuals can vary considerably. One mechanism for rDNA variation is unequal crossing over3. Another mechanism, described by Tartof4, becomes apparent when individual flies, carrying only one bobbed locus, are constructed and only if such a locus is on the X chromosome; that is, if one constructs Xbb+/O males (and also Xbb/O males) or Xbb+/XNO- females. Such individuals show a higher rDNA content than expected from the analysis of the same locus in Xbb+/Xbb+ females or in Xbb+/Ybb+ males. The increase of rDNA in this case is not inheritable4. 相似文献
12.
Nannan Yang Megan C. McDonald Peter S. Solomon Andrew W. Milgate 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(12):2765-2773
Key message
A new and dominant R gene Stb19 is identified from a soft wheat cultivar ‘Lorikeet’ and was mapped on the distal region of chromosome 1DS. Two tightly linked KASP markers were also discovered and validated for molecular-assisted breeding programs.Abstract
A new R gene, designated as Stb19, provides resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici in wheat. This new dominant gene resides on the short arm of chromosome 1D, exhibiting complete resistance to three Z. tritici isolates, WAI332, WAI251, and WAI161, at the seedling stage. A genetic linkage map, based on an F2:3 population of ‘Lorikeet’ and ‘Summit,’ found the Stb19 gene at a 9.3 cM region on 1DS, closely linked with two Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR markers, snp_4909967 and snp_1218021. Further, the two markers were tested and validated in another F2:3 population and 266 different wheat accessions, which gave over 95% accuracy of resistance/susceptibility prediction. Combined with the physical location of the identified SNPs and the previous evidence of gene order on chromosome 1DS (centromere–Sr45–Sr33–Lr21–telomere), Stb19 is proposed to be located between Sr33 and Lr21. Thus, the newly discovered Stb19 along with the KASP markers represents an increase in genetic resources available for wheat breeding resistance to Z. tritici.13.
Liqin Liu Qiaoling Luo Hongwei Li Bin Li Zhensheng Li Qi Zheng 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(11):2359-2370
Key message
A Thinopyrum ponticum chromosome 4Ag physical map was constructed, the blue-grained gene was localized, and related specific markers and a FISH probe were developed by SLAF-seq.Abstract
Decaploid Thinopyrum ponticum (2n?=?10x?=?70) serves as an important gene pool for wheat improvement. The wheat-Th. ponticum 4Ag (4D) disomic substitution line Blue 58, derived from a distant hybridization between Th. ponticum and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), bears blue coloration in the aleurone layer. To map the blue-grained gene, eight wheat-Th. ponticum 4Ag translocation lines with different chromosomal segment sizes were obtained from Blue 58 using 60Co-γ ray irradiation and were characterized using cytogenetic and molecular marker analysis. A small-segment blue-grained wheat translocation line L13, accounting for one-fifth of 4AgL, was obtained. A physical map of chromosome 4Ag was constructed containing 573 specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) markers, including three bins with 223 markers on 4AgS and eight bins with 350 markers on 4AgL. The blue-grained gene in three blue-grained translocation lines L5, L9, and L13, was located on bin 4AgL-6 with FL 0.75–0.89. Moreover, 89 blue-grain-related molecular markers and one fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe, pThp12.19, were identified in this bin. The newly developed translocation lines and the molecular markers and FISH probe will facilitate the application of the Th. ponticum-origin blue-grained characteristic in wheat breeding.14.
Q. Sun Y. Zhang B. Chen B. Jia Z. L. Zhang M. Cui X. Kan H. B. Shi D. X. Deng Z. T. Yin 《Photosynthetica》2017,55(2):329-337
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses were applied in order to identify genetic factors that are relevant to the expression of a β-isoform Rubisco activase gene in maize, namely ZmRCAβ, in this study. During two years, a maize recombinant inbred line population was measured for ZmRCAβ expression levels at the grain filling stage. Based on a genetic map containing 916 molecular markers, we detected five eQTLs, namely qRCA2.1 on chromosome 2, and qRCA4.1, qRCA4.2, qRCA4.3, and qRCA4.4 on chromosome 4. These eQTLs explained the phenotypic variation ranging from 6.14% to 7.50% with the logarithm of the odd values ranging from 3.11 to 4.96. Based on the position of the eQTLs and ZmRCAβ on the chromosome, qRCA4.2 was inferred as a cis-eQTL and the remaining as a trans-eQTL, suggesting that a combination of both cis- and trans-acting elements might control ZmRCAβ expression. qRCA4.2, qRCA4.3, and qRCA4.4 were repeatedly detected during two years. 相似文献
15.
Assembly and characterization of heterochromatin and euchromatin on human artificial chromosomes
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Background
Human centromere regions are characterized by the presence of alpha-satellite DNA, replication late in S phase and a heterochromatic appearance. Recent models propose that the centromere is organized into conserved chromatin domains in which chromatin containing CenH3 (centromere-specific H3 variant) at the functional centromere (kinetochore) forms within regions of heterochromatin. To address these models, we assayed formation of heterochromatin and euchromatin on de novo human artificial chromosomes containing alpha-satellite DNA. We also examined the relationship between chromatin composition and replication timing of artificial chromosomes.Results
Heterochromatin factors (histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and HP1α) were enriched on artificial chromosomes estimated to be larger than 3 Mb in size but depleted on those smaller than 3 Mb. All artificial chromosomes assembled markers of euchromatin (histone H3 lysine 4 methylation), which may partly reflect marker-gene expression. Replication timing studies revealed that the replication timing of artificial chromosomes was heterogeneous. Heterochromatin-depleted artificial chromosomes replicated in early S phase whereas heterochromatin-enriched artificial chromosomes replicated in mid to late S phase.Conclusions
Centromere regions on human artificial chromosomes and host chromosomes have similar amounts of CenH3 but exhibit highly varying degrees of heterochromatin, suggesting that only a small amount of heterochromatin may be required for centromere function. The formation of euchromatin on all artificial chromosomes demonstrates that they can provide a chromosome context suitable for gene expression. The earlier replication of the heterochromatin-depleted artificial chromosomes suggests that replication late in S phase is not a requirement for centromere function.16.
17.
K. E. Usov T. A. Shelkovnikova I. E. Wasserlauf V. N. Stegniy 《Cell and Tissue Biology》2009,3(1):50-55
Evolutionary rearrangements of pericentromeric heterochromatin among Drosophila melanogaster subgroup species have been investigated. A region-specific DNA library from Drosophila orena ovarian nurse cell chromocenter was obtained by the microdissection of polythene chromosomes. The probe has been localized on chromosomes of ovarian nurse cells of Drosophila melanogaster subgroup species using fluorescent hybridization in situ. Sequences homologous to the sequences of the DNA probe were detected in the chromocenter and pericentromeric regions of D. orena polythene chromosomes, in all pericentromeric regions of other species with several exceptions. There was no labeling on one of the arms of the D. simulans chromosome 2; however, these sequences were present on the telomere of D. erecta chromosome 3 and in regions adjacent to the brightly DAPI-stained heterochromatin blocks of D. yakuba, D. santomea and D. teissieri chromosomes 2 and 3. At the S6 stage (secondary reticulate nucleus), labeled chromatin can be found mostly within a restricted territory in D. orena nucleus; no such chromatin can be detected throughout the rest of the nucleus. On the contrary, at this stage, in nuclei of other species, labeled DNA is spread diffusely. 相似文献
18.
Cuticular wax on the aerial surface of plants has a protective function against many environmental stresses. The bluish–whitish appearance of wheat leaves and stems is called glaucousness. Most modern cultivars of polyploid wheat species exhibit the glaucous phenotype, while in a wild wheat progenitor, Ae. tauschii, both glaucous and non-glaucous accessions exist. Iw2, a wax inhibitor locus on the short arm of chromosome 2D, is the main contributor to this phenotypic variation in Ae. tauschii, and the glaucous/non-glaucous phenotype of Ae. tauschii is usually inherited by synthetic hexaploid wheat. However, a few synthetic lines show the glaucous phenotype although the parental Ae. tauschii accessions are non-glaucous. Molecular marker genotypes indicate that the exceptional non-glaucous Ae. tauschii accessions share the same genotype in the Iw2 chromosomal region as glaucous accessions, suggesting that these accessions have a different causal locus for their phenotype. This locus was assigned to the long arm of chromosome 3D using an F2 mapping population and designated W4, a novel glaucous locus in Ae. tauschii. The dominant W4 allele confers glaucousness, consistent with phenotypic observation of Ae. tauschii accessions and the derived synthetic lines. These results implied that glaucous accessions of Ae. tauschii with the W2W2iw2iw2W4W4 genotype could have been the D-genome donor of common wheat. 相似文献
19.
Haokun Zhang Takashi Kiuchi Chikara Hirayama Yutaka Banno Susumu Katsuma Toru Shimada 《Genetica》2018,146(4-5):425-431
A variety of insects accumulate high contents of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in their Malpighian tubules (MTs). Although this process is known to be genetically controlled, the mechanism is not known. In the 1940s and the 1950s, several studies showed that riboflavin contents were low in the MTs of some Bombyx mori (silkworm) mutants with translucent larval skin mutations (e.g., w-3, od, oa, and otm) and that genes responsible for these translucent mutations also affected riboflavin accumulation in the MTs. Since the 2000s, it has been shown that the w-3 gene encodes an ABC transporter, whereas genes responsible for od, oa, and otm mutations encode for the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. These findings suggest that some genes of ABC transporters and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles may control the accumulation of riboflavin in MTs. Therefore, we reexamined the effects that translucent mutations have on the accumulation of riboflavin in MTs by using the translucent and wild-type segregants in mutant strains to measure the specific effect that each gene has on riboflavin accumulation (independent of genomic background). We used nine translucent mutations (w-3oe, oa, od, otm, Obs, oy, or, oh, and obt) even though the genes responsible for some of these mutations (Obs, oy, or, oh, and obt) have not yet been isolated. Through observation of larval MTs and measurements of riboflavin content using high-performance liquid chromatography, we found that the oa, od, otm, and or mutations were responsible for low contents of riboflavin in MTs, whereas the Obs and oy mutations did not affect riboflavin accumulation. This indicates that the molecular mechanism for riboflavin accumulation is similar but somewhat different than the mechanism responsible for uric acid accumulation in epidermal cells. We found that the genes responsible for oa, od, and otm mutations were consistent with those already established for uric acid accumulation in larval epidermis. This suggests that these three genes control riboflavin accumulation in MTs through a mechanism similar to that of uric acid accumulation, although we do not yet know why the or mutation also controls riboflavin accumulation. 相似文献
20.
Guotai Yu Nicolas Champouret Burkhard Steuernagel Pablo D. Olivera Jamie Simmons Cole Williams Ryan Johnson Matthew J. Moscou Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón Phon Green Hanan Sela Eitan Millet Jonathan D. G. Jones Eric R. Ward Brian J. Steffenson Brande B. H. Wulff 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(6):1207-1222