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1.
The K system in pigs included at least 6 internationally recognized blood group factors (Ka, Kb, Kc, Kd, Ke and Kf) controlled by the following alleles: Kacef , Kacf , Kade , Kae , Kbf and K- ( Andresen, 1963; Brucks 1967, Hojný et al. 1967, Saison 1967, Hojný, Hradecký & Pazdera, 1979). This paper describes the results obtained with a new antiserum, Kg, by which subgrouping of the Kade allele into Kade or Kadeg is possible. 相似文献
2.
J. Hojný 《Animal genetics》1973,4(3):161-168
The haemolytic reagent allowing direct serological detection of He homozygous pigs was obtained by the immunization of a Landrace sow. Another monospecific reagent prepared from immune serum of a Miniature pig made possible the evidence for a new factor of the H system - He. This factor is genetically controlled by the allele H be . Its frequency in Miniature pigs was 0.099.
The H system with alleles H1 =Ha , H2 = Hb , H3 = Hab , H4 =Hcd , H5 = Hbd , H6 =Hbe and H7 = H- continues to be a genetically open system. 相似文献
The H system with alleles H
3.
E-M Prinzenberg S Hiendleder T Ikonen G Erhardt E-M Prinzenberg S Hiendleder G Erhardt T Ikonen 《Animal genetics》1996,27(5):347-349
In order to characterize the two new kappa-casein variants F and G (CSN3F and CSN3G ) recently detected in Ayrshire and Pinzgauer cattle, exon IV of CSN3 from heterozygous animals was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced. The sequencing data revealed single point mutations at nucleotide positions 10530 (G→A) for CSN3F and 10790 (C→T) for CSN3G , corresponding to amino acid exchanges in positions 10 (Arg→His) and 97 (Arg→Cys) respectively. These mutations alter recognition sites for the restriction enzymes HhaI and MaeII , which were subsequently used to confirm these polymorphisms in cattle carrying CSN3F or CSN3G . A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping procedure for all currently known CSN3 alleles (CSN3A , CSN3B , CSN3C , CSNJE , CSNF , CSN3G ) was developed. 相似文献
4.
Erythrocyte potassium polymorphism in 14 Spanish goat breeds 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary. The existence of polymorphism for erythrocyte potassium (Ke) is confirmed in certain Spanish breeds of goat. A statistical boundary is established between two caprine populations: low (LK) and high (HK) red cell potassium, the dividing line being set at 45 m-equiv/l of Ke. Both types are shown to be controlled genetically by an autosomal locus with two alleles K L and K h , being K L dominant over K h . The gene frequencies of K L and K h are determined in 14 native Spanish breeds of goat. 相似文献
5.
Alain Gerbi Marcel Debray Jean-Michel Maixent† Claude Chanez Jean-Marie Bourre 《Journal of neurochemistry》1993,60(1):246-252
Abstract: The Na+ sensitivity of whole brain membrane Na+ ,K+ -ATPase isoenzymes was studied using the differential inhibitory effect of ouabain (α1, low affinity for ouabain; α2, high affinity; and α3, very high affinity). At 100 m M Na+ , we found that the proportion of isoforms with low, high, and very high ouabain affinity was 21, 38, and 41%, respectively. Using two ouabain concentrations (10−5 and 10−7 M ), we were able to discriminate Na+ sensitivity of Na+ , K+ -ATPase isoenzymes using nonlinear regression. The ouabain low-affinity isoform, α1, exhibited high Na+ sensitivity [ K a of 3.88 ± 0.25 m M Na+ and a Hill coefficient ( n ) of 1.98 ± 0.13]; the ouabain high-affinity isoform, α2, had two Na+ sensitivities, a high ( K a of 4.98 ± 0.2 m M Na+ and n of 1.34 ± 0.10) and a low ( K a of 28 ± 0.5 m M Na+ and an n of 1.92 ± 0.18) Na+ sensitivity activated above a thresh old (22 ± 0.3 m M Na+ ); and the ouabain very-high-affinity isoform, α3, was resolved by two processes and appears to have two Na+ sensitivities (apparent K a values of 3.5 and 20 m M Na+ ). We show that Na+ dependence in the absence of ouabain is the result of at least of five Na+ reactivities. This molecular functional characteristic of isoenzymes in membranes could explain the diversity of physiological roles attributed to isoenzymes. 相似文献
6.
The effects of external K+ , H+ and Ca2+ concentrations on the intracellular K+ concentration, [K+ ]i, and the K+ -ATPase activity in 2-day-old mung bean roots [ Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] were investigated. [K+ ]i, in mung bean roots was markedly decreased by external K+ or H+ stress and did not recover the initial value even after the stress was removed. This decrease in [K+ ]i, gradually disappeared with the addition of (Ca2+ . Ca2+ may offset the harmful effects of ion stress. Ca2+ seems to have two effects on K+ transport; control of K+ permeability and activation of K+ uptake, although K+ -ATPase activity was inhibited by Ca2+ concentrations higher than 10–4 M. We suggest that Ca2+ activates K+ uptake indirectly through the acidification of the cytoplasm. 相似文献
7.
The plasma protease inhibitor system (Pi) of Standardbred horses was studied by thin-layer, high-voltage, acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 4.6) followed by protein staining and staining for trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibition. In addition to the eight Thoroughbred alleles ( PiF, g, i, L, N, S1, S2, u) , another 10 alleles, designated PiH, j, k, o , p , q , r , v , x, z , were postulated to account for the 98 Pi types which were observed in Standardbreds. Detailed inhibitory spectra of the 'new' alleles were determined and further exceptions to the Pil, Pi2 classification of Juneja et al. (1979) were found. Limited family data demonstrated the genetic nature of the 'new' variants and confirmed the allelic inheritance of the 'new' Pi variants. 相似文献
8.
Summary. Soluble potassium concentrations were determined for the slightly vacuolated, unicellular, walled alga Chlorella emersonii. Sap of cells grown in 1 mol m−3 NaCI contained 140 mol m−3 K+ and sap of cells grown in 125, 200, and 335 mol m−3 NaCI contained 160-180 mol m−3 K + .
The possible regulation of K+ concentrations by a system of lurgor and volume maintenance was investigated by supplying 3-0-methylglucose. This solute accumulates to 85-230 mol m−3 in C. emersonii , but is not metabolized. Accumulation of 3-0-methylglucose increased the volume of cells grown at both low and high NaCI by about 10%. Furthermore, accumulation of 3-0-methylglucose also increased turgor pressures of cells grown in 1 and 125 mol m−3 NaCI by 0.3 and 0.2 MPa, respectively. (Similar measurements were not attempted for cells grown in 200 and 335 mol m−3 NaCI, because of the insensitivity of available methods to measure turgor pressure of cells exposed to high external osmotic pressures.)
At all NaCI concentrations, the K+ concentrations of cells which had accumulated 3-0-methylglucose were only 10-20 mol m−3 lower than K+ in cells which had not been supplied with 3-0-methylglucose. In contrast, accumulation of 3-0-methylglucose greatly decreased concentrations of the endogenous osmotic solutes, proline and sucrose, which accumulated in cells grown in 125 mol m−3 and higher NaCI concentrations.
It is concluded that K+ concentrations in Chlorella emersonii are not controlled by a system of turgor and volume maintenance. 相似文献
The possible regulation of K
At all NaCI concentrations, the K
It is concluded that K
9.
A new allele Tf c in serum transferrin of goats is postulated. It was considered that serum transferrins in goats classified into six phenotypes are genetically controlled by three codominant alleles, Tf A , Tf B and Tf c . Frequencies of Tf c were low in native goats in Korea, Philipines and Thailand, and this allele is yet to be observed in other breeds of goats. 相似文献
10.
Miriam Banay-Schwartz D. N. Teller Babette Horn A. Lajtha 《Journal of neurochemistry》1977,29(3):403-410
Abstract— Mouse brain slices were depleted of K+ by three 10-min incubations-in oxygenated HEPES-buffered medium lacking glucose and K+ . Addition of K+ or Rb+ (or Cs+ , to a smaller degree) with glucose, or with succinate, malate, and pyruvate (SMP) before incubation at 37°C with 14 C-amino acids restored active low-affinity transport of d -Glu, α-aminoisobutyrate (AIB), GABA, Gly, His, Val, Leu, Lys, and Orn. Ouabain at 1–2μ m with Rb+ was more inhibitory with SMP than with glucose, suggesting that the glycoside may affect specific energy coupling to transport. Valinomycin, in contrast, showed no specificity of inhibition of amino acid uptake with glucose or SMP and K+ or Rb+ . Cs+ partially restored amino acid uptake, but Li+ was less effective than Cs + . NaF at 10 m m with SMP + Rb+ , or SMP + K+ did not inhibit amino acid uptake. Therefore, it was possible to dissociate glycolysis and Na+ , K + -ATPase activity from amino acid transport. The ion replacements for K + that supported active amino acid transport indicate that the specificity of ions in possible ionic gradients for transport energetics should be reexamined. 相似文献
11.
Two new erythrocyte antigens have been detected by isoimmune antibodies obtained from Gottingen Miniature pigs. By family studies they proved to belong to the E system. The factor designated En is genetically controlled by alleles E 2 = E edghkmn , E 3 = E aegln , E 4 = E edfhkmn , E 6 = E aefln , E 9 = E edghjmn , E 12 = E aegmno and E edgkln , and the factor designated Eo by the allele E 12 = E aegmno .
The En blood factor occurs in all the breeds studied and in frequency it comes close to a related Ee factor. It stands in opposition not only to Eb but also to Ei factor. The Eo factor can be characterized as a rarely occurring Ea subgroup. Besides being antithetic to Ed it is also antithetic to El and Ei factors. For the present, it was found only in Miniature pigs. 相似文献
The En blood factor occurs in all the breeds studied and in frequency it comes close to a related Ee factor. It stands in opposition not only to Eb but also to Ei factor. The Eo factor can be characterized as a rarely occurring Ea subgroup. Besides being antithetic to Ed it is also antithetic to El and Ei factors. For the present, it was found only in Miniature pigs. 相似文献
12.
N 5 N 10 -Methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase was purified 13-fold to apparent homogeneity from methanol grown Methanosarcina barkeri . The colourless enzyme was found to be composed of four identical subunits of apparent molecular mass 36 kDa. It catalysed the reduction of methylenetetrahydromethanopterin ( K m =15 μM) to methyltetrahydromethanopterin with reduced coenzyme F420 ( K m =12 μM) at a specific rate ( V max ) of 2200 μmol min−1 · mg protein−1 ( K cat =1320 s−1 ). With respect to coenzyme specificity, molecular properties and catalytic mechanism the enzyme was found to be similar to CH2 =H4 MPT reductase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum which phylogenetically is only distantly related to M. barkeri . 相似文献
13.
Characterization of a secondary uptake system for l-glutamate in Corynebacterium glutamicum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract A new transport system for the uptake of l-glutamate was characterized in Corynebacterium glutamicum strain Δ glu, in which the previously described binding protein-dependent glutamate uptake system is not present. Kinetic characterization revealed a highly specific secondary transport system, dependent on sodium ions. Glutamate uptake showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with a K m of 0.6 mM and a V max of 15 nmol min−1 (mg dw)−1 . For the co-transported sodium ions, a relatively low K m of 3.3 mM was determined. 相似文献
14.
Several alleles were found to determine the colour of the dorsal pronotum in Chorthippus brunneus; there was evidence for at least two loci ( C and V ). Brown ( CB )was the universal recessive and green ( CC ) was dominant to all other colours. The white allele ( CW )was codominant with green( CG )and purple ( CP ). Wing-patterns were determined by a separate, probably linked locus ( W ). A dominant plain wing-pattern ( WP ) was associated with colours other than brown. Striped( WS )and mottled( Wmo ) were codominant and a plain recessive allele ( WP ) was also found. All three alleles were associated with the brown phenotype. A purple-sided allele ( SPu ) was sometimes obmd with Cpu. . S Pu was dominant to brown sides ( SB ), A series of markings on the dorsal and lateral pronotum ( linea intermedia, fascia postocularis, linea media, carina media and zona lateralis ) were investigated and found to be controlled at separate loci which may be linked to W . These characters were expressed by dominant alleles.
Epistatic effects by modifier loci were shown to have an important effect on the determination of wing phenotype. Allele Wo+ , for example, suppressed the stripe-wing pattern, linea media, carina media and zona lateralis .
It was concluded that colour patterns appear to be under genetic control and that dominant alleles were rare in the wild. Changes in shades of colours were shown to be age-dependent and minor. 相似文献
Epistatic effects by modifier loci were shown to have an important effect on the determination of wing phenotype. Allele Wo
It was concluded that colour patterns appear to be under genetic control and that dominant alleles were rare in the wild. Changes in shades of colours were shown to be age-dependent and minor. 相似文献
15.
Abstract. The effect of fusicoccin (FC) on the K+ stimulated Na+ efflux in root cells of Na+ loaded barley roots was studied. FC (0.02 mM) stimulated Na+ efflux in the presence of K+ and its effect was synergistic with that of K+ , in a similar way as its effect on proton extrusion. Decreasing the pH of the elution medium promoted Na+ efflux and partially replaced the effect of FC. As FC is known to increase the electrochemical proton gradient at the plasmalemma level, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that Na+ is extruded in exchange for H+ . A further support to this view came from the finding that Na+ efflux was also promoted by a lipophilic cation, tributylbenzylammonium (TBBA + ), which stimulates H + extrusion and is generally accepted not to enter the cells by means of the same carrier as K + . 相似文献
16.
Anissa Abi-Dargham Marc Laruelle David T. Wong David W. Robertson† Daniel R. Weinberger Joel E. Kleinman 《Journal of neurochemistry》1993,60(2):730-737
Abstract: Binding of [3 H]LY278584, which has been previously shown to label 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3 ) receptors in rat cortex, was studied in human brain. Saturation experiments revealed a homogeneous population of saturable binding sites in amygdala ( K D = 3.08 ± 0.67 n M, B max = 11.86 ± 1.87 fmol/mg of protein) as well as in hippocampus, caudate, and putamen. Specific binding was also high in nucleus accumbens and entorhinal cortex. Specific binding was negligible in neocortical areas. Kinetic studies conducted in human hippocampus revealed a K on of 0.025 ± 0.009 n M −1 min−1 and a K off of 0.010 ± 0.002 min−1 . The kinetics of [3 H]LY278584 binding were similar in the caudate. Pharmacological characterization of [3 H]LY278584 specific binding in caudate and amygdala indicated the compound was binding to 5-HT3 receptors. We conclude that 5-HT3 receptors labeled by [3 H]LY278584 are present in both limbic and striatal areas in human brain, suggesting that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists may be able to influence the dopamine system in humans, similarly to their effects in rodent studies. 相似文献
17.
D. Verhorst 《Animal genetics》1973,4(2):65-68
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was tested in haemolysed swine erythrocytes by starch gel electrophoresis. In the German Large-White this system is genetically controlled by two alleles, G-6-PD A and G-6-PD B . 相似文献
18.
A new allele at the Lh locus has been identified in Pisum sativum L. and named lhi . This allele results in reduced GA levels in young shoots, and a dwarf phenotype. Gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM) with dideuterated internal standards has been used to demonstrate a quantitative relationship between the level of endogenous GA1 and internode length using the three alleles ( Lh, lh and lhi ) at the Lh locus. These results are consistent with previous findings in peas (for alleles at the Le locus) and other species possessing a predominant early 13-hydroxylation pathway for GA biosynthesis and support the role of GA1 as the major native GA in peas with biological activity in its own right. However, in contrast to alleles at the Le locus, GA20 levels are also reduced in lh and lhi plants. The lhi allele also has possible pleiotropic effects on seed abortion, leading to a reduction in seed yield compared to plants homozygous for the previously characterised Lh or lh alleles. 相似文献
19.
In crosses of the wild pig (Sus scrofa attila Thomas) with the domestic pig a transferrin variant, Tf I, was detected, electrophoretic mobility of which was slightly faster than the mobility of the variant Tf A. From the results of starch gel electrophoresis, isolation, neuraminidase treatment, autoradiography, and genetic analysis of several families, it can be concluded that the Tf I variant is genetically controlled by the allele Tf1 . Thus the number of alleles in the transferrin system of the pig has increased to six ( TfI , TfA TfB , TfC , TPD and TfE ). 相似文献
20.
Abstract: Glutamine is a primary precursor for the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid. It is proposed that glutamine, synthesized and released by astrocytes, is transported into the neuron for subsequent conversion to neurotransmitters. To provide a more complete characterization of this process, we have delineated the transport systems for glutamine uptake in primary cultures of brain neuronal cells from 1-day-old rats. The Na+ -dependent glutamine entry is mediated by system A, system ASC, and a third, previously unidentified, activity that has been tentatively designated as system Nb . System Nb activity can be monitored by assaying Na+ -dependent [3 H]glutamine uptake in the presence of 2 m M concentrations of both 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid and threonine to block uptake by systems A and ASC, respectively. The newly identified transport activity exhibits an apparent substrate specificity that is unique compared with the hepatic system N, because it is inhibited by glutamine and asparagine, but not by histidine. Also, the affinity of system Nb for glutamine, as estimated from K m values, is significantly greater than that observed for the hepatic and muscle Na+ -dependent glutamine transporters, systems N and Nm . In sharp contrast to the hepatic system N transporter, system Nb exhibits a relative insensitivity to pH and does not permit Li+ substitution for Na+ as the cosubstrate. The substrate specificity, kinetic analysis, pH sensitivity, and cation dependence of this transport activity indicate that it represents a glutamine transport system not previously identified. 相似文献