不同剂量法舒地尔对压力负荷心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的从细胞凋亡角度探讨不同剂量法舒地尔(fasudil)对升主动脉缩窄压力超负荷心力衰竭大鼠的影响及作用机制。方法采用升主动脉缩窄术建立大鼠心力衰竭模型。观察不同剂量fasudil治疗心力衰竭时对心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI)、bcl-2、c-myc蛋白表达水平的影响。结果fasudil干预心功能不全可以使心肌细胞凋亡指数降低,使bcl-2蛋白表达水平上调,c-myc蛋白表达水平降低,且剂量大时效果更明显。结论fasudil能有效减少心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡指数,使bcl-2蛋白表达水平上调,c-myc蛋白表达水平降低,防治心力衰竭,这是其治疗心力衰竭的重要机制之一,且剂量大时更明显。     

PUMA在结肠癌细胞中的表达及诱导细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:通过5-Fu诱导携带有野生型p53基因的HCT116和携带有突变性p53基因的HT-29两种结肠癌细胞系,比较两株细胞在各时间点凋亡水平和PUMA mRNA表达情况的差异,探讨PUMA对细胞凋亡的作用及诱导其表达的基本途径。方法:用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)检测不同结肠癌细胞株HT-29、HCT116在抗肿瘤药物5-Fu作用下不同时间点结肠癌细胞株内PUMA mRNA表达水平的差异,用吖啶橙/溴化乙啶(AO/EB)荧光染色检测各时间点细胞的凋亡水平,分析其与PUMAmRNA表达水平之间的关系。结果:携带有野生型P53基因的结肠癌细胞株HCT116在5-Fu作用下6h即可出现PUMA mRNA的表达,随着药物作用时间的延长其表达强度增加,并且与细胞凋亡水平呈正相关;含有突变型P53基因的结肠癌细胞株HT-29在5-Fu作用下无PUMA的表达。结论:通过5-Fu诱导细胞凋亡出现的PUMA表达需要野生型P53基因,突变型P53基因无法诱导PUMA的表达。PUMA与结肠癌细胞凋亡水平呈正相关,是一种促凋亡蛋白。     

Paxillin在大鼠胰腺发育不同时期表达的研究

目的:研究桩蛋白(Paxillin,Pxn)在胰腺发育不同阶段的表达和细胞定位.方法:运用RT-PCR技术检测Pxn在大鼠胰腺发育不同阶段的mRNA表达水平;运用免疫组织化学检测不同时期桩蛋白在胰腺的定位.结果:RT-PCR结果显示Pxn的mRNA表达量胚胎期高于新生和成年期;免疫组织化学结果显示在不同发育时期桩蛋白不仅在外分泌胰腺有表达,而且在胰岛也有表达.结论:具有调节细胞聚集、粘附迁移功能的桩蛋白可能参与出生后胰岛重塑.     

大鼠骨髓基质细胞向Schwann细胞分化后蛋白表达变化的研究

近年来很多研究报道大鼠骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stromal cells,MSCs）可以向神经细胞或神经胶质细胞分化,其中多数研究观察了细胞形态以及几种神经相关蛋白的免疫反应,也有报道用基因组学方法分析MSCs诱导过程中基因谱的表达变化.尚未见报道用蛋白质组学方法分析MSCs在诱导过程中蛋白谱的表达变化.本研究利用蛋白质组学技术分析MSCs向Schwann细胞样细胞诱导分化过程中蛋白谱的表达变化.从成年SD大鼠的股骨和胫骨中分离培养MSCs,应用复合诱导因子体外连续诱导MSCs向Schwann细胞样细胞分化.采用2-DE技术分离未诱导和诱导分化后MSCs总蛋白,应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱得到相应的肽质量指纹图谱,搜索数据库分析差异蛋白质点.所得到的MSCs蛋白谱有792个蛋白点,通过PDQuest软件分析诱导前后MSCs的蛋白谱,初步分析发现有74个蛋白质的表达发生了明显的变化,其中43个蛋白表达上调,31个蛋白表达下调.本研究通过质谱分析并进行网上数据库搜索匹配,初步分析发现这些蛋白主要包括骨架和结构蛋白、生长因子类的蛋白、代谢相关蛋白及酶类、伴侣蛋白、受体类蛋白、细胞周期蛋白、钙结合蛋白以及其他蛋白等.研究表明,MSCs体外条件诱导分化过程中有较多蛋白表达发生变化;其中与神经细胞和神经胶质细胞相关蛋白：BDNF,CNTF,GFAP等在MSCs体外条件诱导分化后中表达明显上调;本研究从蛋白质水平为MSCs体外向Schwann细胞样细胞条件诱导提供了新的研究资料。     

PDCD5在类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡中表达上调

为了研究程序化细胞死亡因子5(PDCD5)在类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡中的作用,在不同的时间加入有效剂量100 nmol/L雷公藤内醇酯（triptolide）后,采用实时定量PCR、RT-PCR、Western 印迹和直接免疫荧光染色方法检测体外分离培养的类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞中PDCD5在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达及蛋白表达特征.在雷公藤内醇酯诱导类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡的过程中,PDCD5mRNA表达水平明显地渐次增加,呈现一种明确的时间依赖性递增表达模式,而PDCD5蛋白有时间依赖性表达上调持续16 h,并维持在相对恒定水平.直接免疫荧光染色结果显示,在正常体外培养的类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞中,PDCD5蛋白的表达较弱,且主要分布在细胞浆.经雷公藤内醇酯处理4 h后,大多数细胞有PDCD5蛋白的聚集,直至12 h,细胞核周围PDCD5蛋白聚集显著增强.36 h后,PDCD5蛋白以核固缩的形式存在于凋亡的RA FLS中,细胞核染色质明显浓缩,片段化并出现了凋亡小体.上述结果表明,在类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡的过程中,PDCD5表达上调并在凋亡早期出现核转位,PDCD5蛋白核转位要早于凋亡小体形成.PDCD5蛋白核转位是类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡的早期事件,PDCD5不仅参与了类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞的凋亡过程,而且在类风湿关节炎滑膜增生的凋亡调节中起到重要调节作用.     

Slc7a11基因在不同被毛颜色哈萨克羊皮肤组织中的表达分析

Slc7a11基因属于溶质转运家族,编码胱氨酸/谷氨酸xCT转运载体,经证实该基因调控黑色素与伪黑色素的转换。文章利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析Slc7a11基因在3种不同毛色哈萨克绵羊羔羊皮肤组织中的mRNA转录水平,构建原核表达载体,诱导表达融合蛋白,并对包涵体蛋白进行纯化,免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗血清,最后检测不同毛色皮肤中该蛋白的表达水平。结果表明,Slc7a11基因在3种毛色皮肤中的表达水平有显著差异,棕色被毛皮肤中表达水平最高,其次是黑色,在白色中表达最少。利用纯化的融合蛋白制备多克隆抗体,发现sxCT蛋白在棕色被毛中表达最高,其次是黑色,白色最低,因此,Slc7a11基因可能与哈萨克绵羊毛色表型有相关性。     

植物细胞外源蛋白亚细胞定位的机制及其应用

为将不同的生理功能区隔化,植物细胞分化出具有特异性结构特征的细胞器.分化的细胞内膜系统和分子水平的蛋白质转运调控机制为外源蛋白亚细胞定位表达提供了显著的有利条件.当蛋白质被加载适当的定位信号或启动子时,蛋白质的分选途径便确定下来,同时决定蛋白质的表达终点.本文根据相关研究主题分析了蛋白质亚细胞定位机制,重点阐述包括ER腔、质外体、液泡、蛋白体等细胞器和内膜结构在内的蛋白定位因素,同时探讨了目前蛋白定位因素的应用情况.本文确定亚细胞定位因素将成为植物基因工程领域控制亚细胞水平表达的重要技术策略.     

毕赤酵母优化表达外源蛋白策略

毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达系统是一种异源蛋白表达的理想系统,但目前并非所有的外源蛋白都能在毕赤酵母中成功高效表达,不同的蛋白表现为不同表达水平、生物活性及稳定性。从遗传因素和表达条件综述了外源蛋白在毕赤酵母中的优化表达策略。     

真菌细胞色素P450在大肠杆菌中的表达

【背景】真菌细胞色素P450蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达水平低甚至不表达,近期研究发现通过对该类蛋白氨基端(N端)氨基酸序列的修饰可优化其表达水平。【目的】在大肠杆菌系统中表达预测功能为P450酶的焦曲霉094102菌株的Au8002蛋白,为真菌P450蛋白在大肠杆菌表达系统中的N端氨基酸序列修饰策略提供有效依据。【方法】对野生型P450蛋白Au8002的氨基酸序列进行分析,对其N端序列进行了3种序列修饰,并在诱导蛋白表达时添加P450生物合成前体5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA),研究N端氨基酸序列修饰策略及前体添加对真菌P450在大肠杆菌中蛋白表达的影响。【结果】SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测结果显示,对目的蛋白进行的3种氨基酸序列修饰均使Au8002蛋白获得了表达,前体5-ALA的添加提高了目的蛋白表达量。其中对目的蛋白进行N端全长截短时可部分增加其可溶性,同时也验证了其特征性的CO结合能力。【结论】对预测为P450酶的菌株094102蛋白Au8002氨基端(N端)氨基酸序列的修饰有效解决了其在大肠杆菌内不表达的难题,实现了其可溶性表达;另一方面P450生物合成前体5-ALA的添加也能有效提高该类蛋白的表达水平,上述策略对改善其它该类蛋白在大肠杆菌内的表达水平具有借鉴意义。     

CD9在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达水平及其临床意义

目的:口腔鳞状细胞癌是一类极易发生局部侵袭和淋巴结转移的恶性肿瘤,CD9蛋白在多种肿瘤的发生发展及侵袭转移过程中起到重要作用,本研究旨在分析CD9蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法:收集我院诊断明确的口腔鳞癌肿瘤患者石蜡标本合计80例,通过免疫组化手段对CD9蛋白表达水平进行评价,并根据CD9蛋白的表达水平分组,分析患者的临床病理学特征与CD9蛋白的关系。结果:CD9在正常组织和癌旁组织正常表达,在肿瘤组织中表达率低,其表达水平和口腔鳞癌的分化程度,淋巴结转移及最终分期有相关性(P0.05)。结论:本研究结果揭示,CD9在口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生发展中起到重要作用,CD9蛋白水平的低表达或不表达可能预测着肿瘤具有更明显的恶性生物学行为,并可能成为口腔鳞状细胞癌预后的生物学指标及基因治疗的新靶点。     

重组蛋白在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中高效表达的影响因素

高效表达重组蛋白 ,对于生物制药意义重大。大多数药用蛋白是糖蛋白 ,中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 (Chinesehamsterovarycell,CHO)是目前重组糖基蛋白生产的首选体系。影响外源蛋白在CHO细胞中表达的因素很多 ,从CHO细胞表达体系、表达载体系统、外源基因、表达细胞株的加压扩增与筛选、细胞大规模培养等方面对CHO高效表达加以阐述 ,同时提出存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

人造细胞内蛋白质合成的研究进展

无细胞蛋白质合成(cell-free protein synthesis,CFPS)是一种在体外快速合成目标蛋白质的方法,通过构建含有CFPS系统的人造细胞,能够实现蛋白质的高通量表达和功能性膜蛋白的体外重构.本文详细综述了4种CFPS系统(包括大肠杆菌裂解液、兔网织红细胞裂解液、小麦胚芽提取物、酵母提取物)的适用范围和优缺点,总结了基于CFPS系统构建的人造细胞体系内蛋白质合成的研究现状,以及该领域面临的挑战及未来的发展方向.     

Fast plasmid based protein expression analysis in insect cells using an automated SplitGFP screen

Recombinant protein expression often presents a bottleneck for the production of proteins for use in many areas of animal‐cell biotechnology. Difficult‐to‐express proteins require the generation of numerous expression constructs, where popular prokaryotic screening systems often fail to identify expression of multi domain or full‐length protein constructs. Post‐translational modified mammalian proteins require an alternative host system such as insect cells using the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS). Unfortunately this is time‐, labor‐, and cost‐intensive. It is clearly desirable to find an automated and miniaturized fast multi‐sample screening method for protein expression in such systems. With this in mind, in this paper a high‐throughput initial expression screening method is described using an automated Microcultivation system in conjunction with fast plasmid based transient transfection in insect cells for the efficient generation of protein constructs. The applicability of the system is demonstrated for the difficult to express Nucleotide‐binding Oligomerization Domain‐containing protein 2 (NOD2). To enable detection of proper protein expression the rather weak plasmid based expression has been improved by a sensitive inline detection system. Here we present the functionality and application of the sensitive SplitGFP (split green fluorescent protein) detection system in insect cells. The successful expression of constructs is monitored by direct measurement of the fluorescence in the BioLector Microcultivation system. Additionally, we show that the results obtained with our plasmid‐based SplitGFP protein expression screen correlate directly to the level of soluble protein produced in BEVS. In conclusion our automated SplitGFP screen outlines a sensitive, fast and reliable method reducing the time and costs required for identifying the optimal expression construct prior to large scale protein production in baculovirus infected insect cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1975–1983. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

单蛋白合成系统研究进展

任何一个蛋白质合成系统的最终目标都是表达所需要的蛋白质(目的蛋白质)而不产生其他的细胞蛋白质。目前,只有两种方法可以成功的表达目的蛋白质:体外无细胞蛋白质合成系统和体内单蛋白生产(SPP)系统。综述现今不同的单蛋白生产系统,讨论他们的应用、优点和缺点。     

外源蛋白在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中高效表达的策略

高效表达外源蛋白,在生物制药中有重要意义.中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（Chinese hamster ovary cell）是表达外源蛋白的最佳真核表达系统之一.影响外源蛋白在CHO细胞表达的因素甚多,主要包括载体、宿主细胞和外源基因几方面.深入了解和灵活运用它们之间的关系,有助于获得外源基因在CHO细胞中的高效表达.     

Ca2+ signal stimulates the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and steroidogenesis in bovine adrenal fasciculata-reticularis cells

Adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis is stimulated by ACTH or its nitrophenylsulphenyl derivative, NPS-ACTH. Acute stimulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis is highly dependent on the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. To determine the regulatory mechanism of StAR expression in bovine fasciculata/reticularis cells, we analyzed the second messenger systems involved in StAR protein expression using cultured cells activated by ACTH and NPS-ACTH. We concluded that cAMP is not the essential second messenger for StAR protein expression, since NPS-ACTH activated StAR protein expression more than ACTH without increase in cellular cAMP. A 15-lipoxygenase metabolite(s) of arachidonic acid stimulated steroidogenesis without increase in StAR protein expression, since AA-861, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibited steroidogenesis without affecting StAR protein expression. Stimulation of StAR protein expression and the corresponding increase in the steroidogenesis were inhibited by nicardipine in cells treated with ACTH or NPS-ACTH. These data indicate that the dominant second messenger for the stimulation of StAR protein expression is Ca2+. Calmodulin-dependent kinase II inhibitors KN-93 and KN-62 suppressed steroidogenic activity without affecting StAR expression. The protein kinase C inhibitor Ro 31-8220 did not show any effects on StAR expression and steroidogenesis. Calmodulin-dependent kinase II and protein kinase C can therefore be concluded not to be involved in StAR protein expression in bovine cells.     

Multigene delivery in mammalian cells: Recent advances and applications

Systems for multigene delivery in mammalian cells, particularly in the context of genome engineering, have gained a lot of attention in biomolecular research and medicine. Initially these methods were based on RNA polymerase II promoters and were used for the production of protein complexes and for applications in cell biology such as reprogramming of somatic cells to stem cells. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering, which enable any alteration at the genomic level of an organism, require additional elements including U6-driven expression cassettes for RNA expression and homology constructs for designed genome modifications. For these applications, systems with high DNA capacity, flexibility and transfer rates are needed. In this article, we briefly give an update on some of recent strategies that facilitate multigene assembly and delivery into mammalian cells. Also, we review applications in various fields of biology that rely on multigene delivery systems.     

Invariant mRNA and mitotic protein breakdown solves the Russian Doll problem of the cell cycle

It has been proposed that cyclical gene expression occurs at a large number of different times during the cell cycle. The existence of a large number of cycle-specific variations in mRNA and protein during the eukaryotic cell cycle raises the problem of how cell-cycle variations are regulated. This is the “infinite regression” or Russian Doll problem where postulating a cell-cycle specific control element pushes the explanation of cell-cycle variation back one step to the problem of how that control element varies during the cell cycle.PCR studies on unperturbed cells indicate Cyclin mRNA content is invariant during the cell cycle. Furthermore, calculations reveal that variations in mRNA content do not account for observed protein variations.Continuous and constant gene expression during the cell cycle, continuous protein accumulation, and protein breakdown only within the mitotic window solves the Russian Doll problem or infinite regression problem. These results, and theoretical ideas support an alternative view of the cell cycle where many of the proposed control systems do not exist.     

Prion potency in stem cells biology

Prion protein (PrP) can be considered a pivotal molecule because it interacts with several partners to perform a diverse range of critical biological functions that might differ in embryonic and adult cells. In recent years, there have been major advances in elucidating the putative role of PrP in the basic biology of stem cells in many different systems. Here, we review the evidence indicating that PrP is a key molecule involved in driving different aspects of the potency of embryonic and tissue-specific stem cells in self-perpetuation and differentiation in many cell types. It has been shown that PrP is involved in stem cell self-renewal, controlling pluripotency gene expression, proliferation, and neural and cardiomyocyte differentiation. PrP also has essential roles in distinct processes that regulate tissue-specific stem cell biology in nervous and hematopoietic systems and during muscle regeneration. Results from our own investigations have shown that PrP is able to modulate self-renewal and proliferation in neural stem cells, processes that are enhanced by PrP interactions with stress inducible protein 1 (STI1). Thus, the available data reveal the influence of PrP in acting upon the maintenance of pluripotent status or the differentiation of stem cells from the early embryogenesis through adulthood.