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1月29日,农业生物技术应用国际服务组织（ISAAA）发布2006年度报告,指出全球农民采用生物技术种植农作物的势头继续迅猛增长,转基因作物的种植面积增加1200万hm^2,增幅13％,达到1．02亿hm^2,首次突破了1亿hm^2大关。     

现代生物技术与我国未来种业发展

进入21世纪后，生物技术产业发展迅速。在农业领域，自1996年转基因农作物开始进入大规模产业化阶段以来，11年时间全球转基因作物种植面积增加了60倍，即由1996年的170万公顷跃升到2006年的10200万公顷，较2005年种植面积增幅为13％（参见图1，Clive James，ISAAA Brief 35）。作为一项新技术如此迅速地被使用者所接受可谓史无前例，显示了农民和市场对这项技术的强烈需求，以及这项技术的市场潜力。     

2005年转基因作物商业化生产全球态势

2005年是转基因作物商业化种植的第十个年头。该年全球有21个国家的850万农民种植了4亿公顷转基因作物。自1996年生物技术作物首次商业性种植以来,10年间其种植面积每年都以两位数的速度增长,参与种植的国家从6个增至21个。转基因作物的全球种植面积增加了50多倍。转基因作物种植面积的迅速增加反映出农民对农业生物技术的信任和信心。根据农业生物技术应用国际组织(isaaa)的调查,2005年,经核准的转基因作物全球种植面积为9 000万公顷,比2004年的8 100万公顷增加了11%。与2004年相比,2005是具有里程碑意义的一年,新增首次商业化种植转基因作…     

2007年南非生物技术领域的进展

南非是非洲第一个引入转基因农作物并允许其商业化种植的国家。无论是政府还是农民,都对种植转基因作物持支持态度,这就为农业生物技术的应用创造了一个有利条件。     

国家自然科学基金资助农作物生物技术研究项目现状与展望

近年来,我国农作物生物技术研究和应用取得了很大进展。自然科学基金作为资助自然科学基础性研究的重要渠道之一,资助了大量有关农作物生物技术研究的课题。本文介绍了国家自然科学基金从重大项目、重点项目和面上项目三个层次上资助农作物生物技术研究项目的情况,分析了我国农作物生物技术研究中存在的问题,并展望了国家自然科学基金未来资助农作物生物技术研究的几个重要方面。     

转基因生物技术的知识产权保护

转基因生物技术是现代农业生物技术的重要着力点,其自研发以来不断发展,已在多种作物上成功应用,且培育品种日趋多样化。转基因作物种植面积急剧增加,种植国家也逐年增多。目前转基因生物技术水平较高的国家,其知识产权保护水平也往往较高。而我国转基因植物、动物和其他微生物材料,无法通过我国现行的《专利法》、《植物新品种保护条例》获得有效保护,阻挠了转基因生物技术创新发展,更影响到整个国家的粮食安全和农业安全。     

2004年全球生物技术作物商业化形势持续看好

20 0 5年 1月 1 7日 ,农业生物技术应用国际服务组织 (ISAAA)发布了由该组织主席及创始人CliveJames先生撰写的 2 0 0 4年度全球生物技术 /转基因作物商业化状况研究报告。报告中提到 ,2 0 0 4年全球生物技术作物的种植面积比 2 0 0 3年增长了 2 0 %(增加了 1 330万公顷 ) ,达到 81 0 0万公顷。该研究报告称 ,2 0 0 4年有 1 7个国家的近 82 5万农民种植了生物技术作物 ,种植生物技术作物的农民数量比 2 0 0 3年增加了 1 2 5万。其中特别显著的是 ,新增的种植生物技术作物的农民中 90 %来自发展中国家。事实上 ,这是发展中国家的生物技术…     

2011年全球转基因作物种植面积增长8％

转基因作物（GMO）的商业化种植持续扩大。据国际农业生物技术应用服务组织（ISAAA）的统计,2011年全球转基因作物的种植面积为1．6亿公顷,比上年增加了8％。     

世界GMO种植增长放缓美国巴西也非持续增长国

转基因作物（GMO）种植面积的增加速度正在放慢。2013年,世界GMO的种植面积为1．752亿公顷,仅比2012年增加了3％,与过去持续两位数的增长速度相比,近几年的增长速度明显降低。与GM0有关的国际团体——国际农业生物技术应用服务组织（ISAAA）发表了年度报告。对报告中的数据进行分析后可以看出。     

迎接21世纪农作物生物技术的挑战

近些年,农作物生物技术在世界范围内取得了飞速的发展,一批抗虫、抗病、耐除草剂和高产优质的农作物新品种已培育成功。与此同时,其产业化步伐在各国政府的大力参予下正在加快,预计在下个世纪初期将成为许多国家经济的重要支柱产业之一,并在解决人类目前所面临的粮食安全、环境恶化、资源匮乏、效益衰减等问题上发挥巨大作用。本文综述了农作物生物技术的发展现状,对下一世纪该学科的发展动态作了展望,并就我国农作物生物技术的发展提出了具体建议     

阿根廷农业生物技术年报(2011)

阿根廷仍然是继美国和巴西之后第三大生物技术作物生产国,产量占到全球生物技术作物产量的15%。2011年5月19日,阿根廷政府批准先正达公司研发的转基因玉米MIR162可以进行生产和商业化,该产品在欧洲尚未获批,这一举措代表着阿根廷向着欧盟的“镜子政策”的反方向迈出了一步。为了找到一种承认知识产权的机制,孟山都公司制订了（在种子行业的支持下）与农民签署的私人协议。到目前为止,3 640个农民签署了协议,占到种植总面积的31.5%.     

转基因生物技术育种: 机遇还是挑战？

转基因生物技术是一项全新的育种技术, 也是当前国际上进展最快、竞争最激烈的研究领域之一。自20世纪90年代生物技术育种诞生以来, 转基因作物的商品化应用及由此引发的一系列问题就引起公众的广泛关注。该文就世界上转基因生物技术育种及产业化现状、几个主要转基因作物安全性案例及最终结果, 以及如何科学推进我国转基因作物的产业化等提出了自己的思考, 以期帮助公众科学地理解和面对转基因生物技术所带来的育种技术上的革命。     

加拿大农业生物技术年报

加拿大生物技术作物的种植面积预计2011年将达到800万hm2,比2010年的690万hm2有所增加。生物技术作物主要包括油菜籽、玉米、大豆,最近还新进增加一部分甜菜的种植。加拿大目前是几个已经批准种植复合性状作物,或是将三种性状复合在一种作物上的国家之一。在动物方面,加拿大监管机构有可能在2012年下发关于克隆作物或产物在加拿大新型食物应用方面的法案。     

Coexistence, North American style: regulation and litigation

Globally, biotech crops have left a legacy of success and some notable failures due to regulatory and litigious barriers to entry, with a pipeline of potentially beneficial biotech agricultural products lined up and awaiting approval. Compared with traditional agriculture, these crops provide significant health benefits to environmental and human health benefits, including organic systems. While the rest of the world has increased acreage of biotech crops at a steady annual rate of 10%, North America-the birthplace of most biotech crops-has reached a critical turning point in its regulatory evolution. Biotech crops can play a major role in creating a more sustainable agricultural landscape, which is increasingly well-documented, but future commercial use may be hampered by regulation and litigation that place organic and non-GMO agriculture on a pedestal, which could force many biotech crops into containment. If producers of biotech crops are required to prevent their crops from contaminating these other, high premium specialty crops through migration, innovation in agricultural biotechnology will suffer (as the European experience with agricultural biotechnology clearly demonstrates).     

The income and production effects of biotech crops globally 1996-2010

A critical feature in evaluating the global value of crop biotechnology in agriculture must include an assessment of its economic impact at the farm level. This paper follows earlier studies which examined economic impacts on yields, key costs of production, direct farm income, indirect (non-pecuniary) farm level income effects and impacts on the production base of the four main crops of soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. The commercialization of biotech crops is continuing to proceed rapidly, with significant changes in the overall level of adoption and impact taking place in 2010. This updated analysis shows that there have been substantial net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $14 billion in 2010 and $78.4 billion for the 15-year period (in nominal terms). The non-pecuniary benefits associated with the use of the technology have also had a positive impact on adoption (in the US accounting for the equivalent of 22% of the total US direct farm income benefit). Biotech crops are, moreover, making important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops. They have, for example, now added 97.5 million tons and 159 million tons respectively, to the global production of soybeans and corn since the introduction of the technology in the mid-1990s.     

Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains from central Colombia to two insecticides, methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin: a study of the genetic basis of resistance

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of several crops in the western hemisphere. This insect has genetically differentiated into two host-associated populations: the corn (Zea mays L.) and the rice (Oryza sativa L.) strains. The corn strain also is found in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum and the rice strain in Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and millet. In the United States and Brazil, lines from corn, rice, Bermuda grass, and millet were used to evaluate the resistance of both strains to various insecticides, and found that the corn strain is more resistant than the rice strain. However, in these studies the larvae were not genotyped. In Colombia, genotyping of fall armyworm is necessary because the rice strain also can be found in corn fields. In this work, collected larvae from corn and rice fields from Tolima (central Colombia) were genotyped and evaluated for the resistance to methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin. We found that the rice strain does not significantly differ in resistance to methomyl compared with the corn strain but it develops tolerance more rapidly to lambda-cyhalothrin. The eggs viability of treated females also was significantly affected by methomyl on each generation. The realized heritability of resistance was higher for lambda-cyhalothrin (0.23-0.42) than for methomyl (0.04-0.14). The number of generations needed for 10-fold increase in resistance is approximately 11.5 generations for methomyl and 6.5 for lambda-cyhalothrin. Finally, the genetic basis of resistance to both insecticides involves few recessive autosomal genes. The results obtained here suggest that methomyl is a better option than lambda-cyalothin to control fall armyworm.     

黄淮海平原冬小麦-春玉米-夏玉米复合种植模式生理生态效应研究

研究结果表明,与冬小麦－夏玉米平作和春玉米单作相比,冬小麦－春玉米－夏玉米复合种植模式各作物生残生长时期均处于高空间生态位,田间光、温、气等生态条件得以改善,改平面受光为立体受光,作物群体内相对光强明显提高,而且各作物行间地温升高种植带内风速加大,均有利于提高籽粒灌浆的强度和速度。同时,在籽粒灌浆过程中,各作物功能叶片内叶绿素含量和光合速率均比冬小麦夏玉米一年两熟平作或玉米单作有所提高,这是冬小麦－春玉米复合种植模式主要增产原因之一。     

Translational research: from pot to plot

Plant molecular biology has been the key driver to elucidate molecular pathways underlying plant growth, development and stress responses during the past decades. Although this has led to a plethora of available data, the translation to crop improvement is lagging behind. Here, we argue that plant scientists should become more involved in converting basic knowledge into applications in crops to sustainably support food security and agriculture. As the translatability from model species to crops is rather poor, this kind of translational research requires diligence and a thorough knowledge of the investigated trait in the crop. In addition, the robustness of a trait depends on the genotype and environmental conditions, demanding a holistic approach, which cannot always be evaluated under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. To date, the improved resolution of many genome‐wide technologies and the emerging expertise in canopy imaging, plant phenotyping and field monitoring make it very timely to move from the pathway specifics to important agronomical realizations, thus from pot to plot. Despite the availability of scientific know‐how and expertise, the translation of new traits to applications using a transgene approach is in some regions of the world, such as Europe, seriously hampered by heavy and nontranslucent legislation for biotech crops. Nevertheless, progress in crop improvement will remain highly dependent on our ability to evaluate improved varieties in field conditions. Here, we plead for a network of protected sites for field trials across the different European climates to test improved biotech traits directly in crops.     

Agricultural biotechnology and smallholder farmers in developing countries

Agricultural biotechnology holds much potential to contribute towards crop productivity gains and crop improvement for smallholder farmers in developing countries. Over 14 million smallholder farmers are already benefiting from biotech crops such as cotton and maize in China, India and other Asian, African and Central/South American countries. Molecular breeding can accelerate crop improvement timescales and enable greater use of diversity of gene sources. Little impact has been realized to date with fruits and vegetables because of development timescales for molecular breeding and development and regulatory costs and political considerations facing biotech crops in many countries. Constraints to the development and adoption of technology-based solutions to reduce yield gaps need to be overcome. Full integration with broader commercial considerations such as farmer access to seed distribution systems that facilitate dissemination of improved varieties and functioning markets for produce are critical for the benefits of agricultural biotechnology to be fully realized by smallholders. Public-private partnerships offer opportunities to catalyze new approaches and investment while accelerating integrated research and development and commercial supply chain-based solutions.