贵州产辣蓼挥发性成分分析

采用固相微萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取出贵州产辣蓼的挥发性成分,运用GC-MS联用技术对挥发性成分进行分析鉴定,并采用峰面积归一法确定各成分的相对含量。固相微萃取物中鉴定出48个化合物,主要有β-石竹烯(27.02%),正癸醇(14.39%),十二醛(12.96%)等,水蒸气蒸馏物中鉴定出27个化合物,β-红没药烯(19.00%),补身树醇(15.25%),十二醛(14.41%)等。辣蓼中挥发性成分经两种不同提取方法成分存在明显差异。与文献数据比较,不同省区产的辣蓼挥发性成分差异很大。体外抗菌试验表明,辣蓼挥发性成分具有抑菌作用,这些研究结果为辣蓼的有效利用提供了依据。     

Antioxidant flavonoids from leaves of Polygonum hydropiper L

Ten flavonoid compounds were isolated from the dried leaves of Polygonum hydropiper L. (Laksa leaves), and identified as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone; 6-hydroxyapigenin; 6"-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl) 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3', 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone; scutillarein; 6-hydroxyluteolin; 3',4',5,6,7-pentahydroxyflavone; 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside; quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide; 2"-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl) quercitrin; quercetin. Evaluation of the antioxidative activity, conducted in vitro, by using electron spin resonance (ESR) and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric assays, showed that these isolated flavonoids possess strong antioxidative capabilities. Measurement of the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values, against ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals and phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) azo initiator (AI) also showed strong anti-oxidative activity. The most powerful of the antioxidants was 2"-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl) quercitrin (galloyl quercitrin). A combination of two flavonoid compounds was tested for synergistic anti-oxidative capacity, but no significant improvement was observed.     

Occurrence of polygodial in plant organs and tissue culture of Polygonum hydropiper

Shoots of Polygonum hydropiper L. (waterpepper), especially in the leaves and flower-heads, contain significant amounts of the sesquiterpenoid polygodial, a compound with a potential use as a natural pesticide. The polygodial content of the tepals is particularly high: up to 8.5% of the dry weight. Roots and seeds do not contain detectable amounts of polygodial. Polygodial containing organs e.g. leaves and tepals, were found to contain cavities. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) microspectroscopy demonstrated that polygodial or its congeners are found in these cavities but not in other tissues or cells. Comparable cavities containing polygodial-like compounds were absent in the closely related species Polygonum persicaria L.
Callus cultures and cell suspensions as well as root- and shoot cultures were initiated from mature P. hydropiper plants. Polygodial could be detected only in shoot cultures. Our results indicate that functioning plastids may be essential for polygodial production and cavities for its accumulation.     

水蓼不同提取液对一字纹稻苞虫的生物活性筛选

基于均匀设计法研究水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)全草的不同提取液对一字纹稻苞虫Parnara guttata Bremenet Grey的触杀和拒食活性。结果表明,乙醇浸提液对一字纹稻苞虫具有较高的触杀活性,48h的致死中浓度(LC50)为23.18mg·mL-1;水蒸汽蒸馏液对一字纹稻苞虫具有较强的拒食活性,24和48h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为26.61和26.18mg·mL-1;丙酮浸提液对一字纹稻苞虫的触杀和拒食活性均不显著。54h的同时触杀和拒食活性浓度筛选的结果表明,乙醇浸提液70.02mg·mL-1和水蒸汽蒸馏液69.12mg·mL-1联合使用对一字纹稻苞虫同时触杀和拒食活性最好,死亡率达100%。     

Polygonolide,an isocoumarin from Polygonum hydropiper possessing anti-inflammatory activity

A new isocoumarin polygonolide which inhibits the reversed passive Arthus reaction has been isolated from the methanol extract of the root of Polygonum hydropiper. The structure of polygonolide has been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and confirmed to be 3,4-dimethyl-6-methoxy-8-hydroxyisocoumarin by total synthesis.     

水蓼对汞积累与分布的水培实验

通过水培实验,研究不同浓度的汞(0、0.5、1、10、20和50μg·L-1)对水蓼生长的影响及水蓼的耐受性表现。结果表明:在所处理的浓度范围内,水蓼生长与生理表现未受影响。水蓼根部具有最强的汞富集能力,富集系数高达531.5%。培养液中的汞浓度与水蓼茎、叶和根中汞的富集量呈显著正相关。在同一浓度时,随着培养时间的增长,水蓼体内汞含量不断增加。水蓼茎、叶和根亚细胞中的汞分布规律表现为:细胞壁>细胞器>细胞液,细胞壁对进入植物体内的汞有很强的束缚作用,限制其进入细胞质内部。     

水蓼对水淹胁迫的耐受能力和形态学响应

水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)是一种分布于三峡地区消落带的常见分布种之一,通过模拟4～5月的水淹节律,测定了水蓼对水淹的适应能力和形态学的响应机理.结果表明,在所有的水淹时间胁迫处理下,水蓼均能保持100%的存活率,并能正常开花结果.该植物主要是通过叶片形态的变化和不定根的形成来适应水环境的变化.水淹初期阶段植株叶片的长与宽及叶片的平均面积有显著下降,但随着植株不定根的不断形成与生长,植株叶片的形态可恢复到正常状态.水淹对植株的株高、分枝数、分枝长、节间距都没有显著影响,表明植株形态整体不会受到水淹的影响.而植物根、茎、叶的生物量虽在不同处理之间有所变化,但是都没有达到显著水平,不定根的生物量差异在各处理之间显著.说明水蓼在形态学上对水淹有着适应机制且具有较强耐水淹能力.结合三峡库区消落带未来水位变化的情况,认为水蓼将能适应三峡水库消落带生态环境变化而生存在消落带,并可用于三峡水库退化消落带的生态治理.     

Characteristics of endophytic bacteria from Polygonum hydropiper and their use in enhancing P-phytoextraction

Plant and Soil - Endophytes are significant for their ecological role in plants and potential applications in phytoremediation. Endophytic bacteria with plant-growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics...     

Characteristics of endophytic fungi from Polygonum hydropiper suggest potential application for P-phytoextraction

Endophytes may play important roles in phytoremediation; however, little information is available on the endophytes of phosphorus (P)-accumulating plants and their potential application in P-phytoextraction. Here, 30 endophytic fungi were isolated from Polygonum hydropiper and classified into 24 taxonomic groups, with 76.7% being Ascomycota and 23.3% being Basidiomycota. Metarhizium anisopliae, Guignardia mangiferae and Phaeophlebiopsis peniophoroides were the dominant species. The Simpson and Shannon diversity indices were higher in shoots than in roots. The isolates had varied plant-growth-promoting traits with all being indole-3-acetic acid positive and only 18 exhibiting siderophore activities. P solubilization capability varied with fungal species and P sources; it correlated negatively with pH but positively with organic acids in a tricalcium phosphate medium. However, in a phytin medium, it did not correlate with pH, but positively with phosphatase activities. Five endophytes were found to have the greatest potential as inoculants to assist P. hydropiper in future P-phytoextraction studies.     

The effect of calcium on flavanol production in cell suspension cultures of Polygonum hydropiper

Cultured Polygonum hydropiper cells maintained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10^–6 m 2,4-D, 10^–6 m kinetin, 0.1% casamino acids and 3% sucrose were transferred to medium containing a higher concentration of calcium chloride (15 mm). The content of flavanols in the cells on the 6th day was approximately twice that of the control culture (31.9–60.7 mg/g dry wt). However, the contents of other secondary metabolites such as chlorogenic acid and gallic acid were not changed. The levels of flavanols in the culture medium remained unchanged throughout the 21-day culture period. Of the the inorganic components supplemented to the culture medium , only elevated levels of calcium chloride induced an increase in flavanol contents of the cells. The results indicated that the elevated concentration of calcium in the culture medium played an important role in activating the accumulation of flavanols. Received: 4 June 1998 / Revision received: 30 October 1998 / Accepted: 29 November 1998     

人工湿地园沼泽植物水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)的蒸腾特性日变化

对人工湿地园中沼泽植物水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)蒸腾特性日变化进行了研究.结果表明: 水蓼叶片的蒸腾速率日进程在晴朗的天气呈单峰曲线变化,最高峰值出现在下午的14:00.受光量子通量密度的影响最大,相关系数为0.668.与相对湿度的变化呈正相关(r=0.607),说明水蓼的蒸腾速率日变化是受其自身所具有的特殊生理特性所决定.叶片气孔阻力直接影响蒸腾速率.     

超积累植物水蓼吸收锰的生理与分子机制

水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)是一种新近发现的锰超积累植物.本文通过营养液模拟试验,研究了锰在水蓼细胞中的分布与化学形态特征,以及锰胁迫下水蓼的生理生化响应机制.结果表明:锰在水蓼叶片非活性代谢部分(细胞壁和液泡)的积累是其解毒耐锰的主要机制之一;水蓼叶片中的锰大部分以水溶性有机盐或草酸锰的形态存在;在锰浓度处理为8 000 μmol/L时,叶绿素a含量显著降低,而在其它处理条件下,叶绿素a无明显变化;在锰处理≤5000 μmol/L时水蓼叶片的细胞膜还没有受到明显伤害;水蓼叶片的可溶性蛋白含最随锰处理浓度小同而变化,说明植物在代谢和结构上发生了调整;随锰处理浓度的增加,水蓼叶片SOD和POD活性提高,保护酶活性的提高义可清除活性氧自由基,这是水蓼耐高锰和累积锰的一种生理响应机制.     

Volatile flavour components of guava

An essence of fresh guava fruit obtained by well-established procedures possessed the characteristic aroma of the fruit. It was analysed by GC/MS using     

P uptake characteristics and root morphological responses in the mining ecotype of Polygonum hydropiper under high organic P media

Understanding plant phosphorus (P) assimilation and its root morphological responses is important to acquire an ideal material for remediation of P-enriched environments. Pot experiments were conducted to explore P accumulation and root morphological traits in a mining ecotype (ME) and non-mining ecotype (NME) of Polygonum hydropiper under different organic P (Po) sources (G1P, AMP, ATP, IHP) and inorganic P (Pi) source (KH₂PO₄), and also their responses to a high level of IHP for different growth periods. Both ecotypes showed higher biomass in Pi and IHP treatments than other Po sources. P accumulation in seedlings were in the order of Pi > IHP > other Po media. Extending the growth period increased biomass and P accumulation in both ecotypes. The ME demonstrated 1.11–1.46 times higher P accumulation than the NME. Seedlings fed with IHP demonstrated significantly greater morphological parameters of fine, medium, and thick roots compared to other Po sources. Total root length, surface area, and volume of both ecotypes significantly increased with the prolonged growth period. The ME has a higher ability to develop root system and exhibits better distribution of fine roots to enhance P accumulation from high P media, and thus it is a worthy material for P-phytoextraction.     

Seed-bank and dynamics of a Polygonum hydropiper L. community along the Po river (Central-West Italy)

ABSTRACT

The seed-bank and the dynamics of a Polygonum hydropiper L. community were investigated. The study area is located along the Po river in the Central-West Po plane (Northern Italy), in Piedmont, near Alessandria. The seed-bank in the soil was investigated by means of a simplified procedure of seasonal sampling and germination tests while the dynamics of the Polygonum community was investigated within a permanent square. Results indicate that: i) The Polygonum hydropiper community has strong growth potential because it has a source of biodiversity in its reservoir of germinable seeds of different species. River overflows act both as disturbance and as vectors for propagules, selecting the species that can grow and develop within the vegetation, and the species that will be left as seeds in the soil; ii) species diversity and dominance vary with vegetation stage (seed bank, pioneer stages and mature stages); iii) two types of seed-bank were present in the soil we analysed: a transient one and a persistent one.     

Volatile components of sugar beet leaves

Extracts of both young and old sugar beet plants were obtained using a modified Likens and Nickerson apparatus. Constituents were identified by GC/MS, and using selected ion monitoring it was shown that the previously determined phenylacetonitrile was probably not of glucosinolate origin. Some unsaturated aldehydes, alcohols and derivatives (enzymic lipid degradation products) were formed to greater extents by the younger leaves, but otherwise such quantitative differences were relatively few and generally random. An interesting range of chlorinated compounds was obtained only from the older plants; a pesticide origin is suggested.     

Volatile components of some Rutaceae species

The volatile components of the aerial parts of Ruta graveolens and Haplophyllum suaveolens, as well as of leaves of Zanthoxylum limoncello, Z. panamense and Z. setulosum have been studied by GC/MS analysis.