从金霉素链霉菌38选育产去甲基金霉素的突变株

用紫外线和乙烯亚胺处理四环素生产菌株金霉素链霉菌(Streptomyces aureofaciens)38的孢子,从棕红色的突变菌落中得到三株突变株：金霉素链霉菌38—2、38—14和38—42。在沉没培养条件下,于产生金霉素的同时,它们都能产生一定量的去甲基金霉素。该菌株经诱变因子处理后,能提高棕红色变异菌落的出现率。本实验的结果表明用紫外线照射,棕红色突变菌落的出现率比用乙烯亚胺处理的显著提高。     

去甲基金霉素发酵的研究

我们在1971年用紫外光照射处理金霉素链霉菌(Streptomyces aureotaciens)38,获得颜色变株38-2,经鉴别证明此菌株除产生金霉素和四环素外,还产生去甲基金霉素。 同年开始进行去甲基金霉素试制研究,由38-2菌株的原始发酵单位100—150单位/毫升出发,通过一     

氯化锂、紫外线对金色链霉菌(Streptomyces aureofaciens)产金霉素特性的诱变作用

为了探明金霉素产生菌的遗传变异特性,改善其生产特性,研究氯化锂与紫外线对金霉素产生菌产金霉素性状的影响,发现经复合处理后该菌产金霉素的特征发生变异,共获得变异菌株114个,其中金霉素产量增加的菌株占62.28%,减少的占37.72%。并筛选到2个突变株55-44#、55-103#,其效价较出发菌株提高10%以上,且由菌株55-44#分离得到的菌株44-3#其高效价特性稳定,生产能力较出发菌株提高4%以上,应用在生产中大幅度的提高了生产能力与效益。     

产去甲基金霉素突变株的选育I．金霉素链霉菌38-2-14突变株的获得

作为合成二甲胺基四环素的原料——去甲基金霉素(去甲基四环素),可以通过发酵途径制备。出发菌株Sir．…eofaciens 38—2在产生去甲基金霉素的同时,还产生大量的金霉素。以Str. Aureofaciens 38-2作为出发菌株,采用紫外线、乙烯亚胺及二者复合等诱变处理,根据菌株在固体培养基中菌丝体呈赤褐色,并有可溶性色素分泌的特征,挑选出54株变株,在紫外线的处理中,得到了一株颜色突变株,编号为38-2-14。经过纸谱层析、生物显影及紫外线吸收光谱等测定,证明系一株仅产生去甲基金霉素和去甲基四环素,而不产生金霉素的菌株,在用培养基(2)时,摇瓶培养96小时的生物效价测定,发酵单位为1075微克／毫升。     

以耐赖氨酸为标记的金霉素产生菌抗噬菌体变株的选育

本文以金霉素产生菌Ｆ－３０３作为出发菌株,通过ＵＶ＋ＥＭＳ复合处理,双层法不同梯度耐赖氨酸作标记,进行抗噬菌体的金霉素菌株选育,获得Ｆｓ－４８－１４菌株。该菌株不但表达了抗噬菌体的特性,而且产素效价超过Ｆ－３０３。通过无机盐正交条件试验,取得抗性变株最佳的发酵培养基配方。     

金霉素链霉菌无活性菌株回复突变的研究

近年来,在有关抗菌素合成途径的研究中,报道了由于产生遗传性障碍而不能合成抗菌素,亦即产生了“零”突变菌株。又在次级代谢途径障碍性菌株的回复突变研究中,报道了能使抗菌素产量大幅度提高的回复突变型菌株。我们在对产金霉素链霉菌(Streptomyces aureofaciens)菌株进行诱变试验中,筛选到一些     

金霉菌的生理与金霉素的生产Ⅱ.金霉菌菌株间的混合培养对菌体生长和金霉素综合的研究

金霉菌 Streptomyces aureofaciens A3菌株经紫外光处理后获得二个综合金霉素能力低微的变种,在最低综合培养基上将二个变种进行适当的混合培养可以促进菌体对金霉素的综合,实验证明一个变种由于它蔗糖酶活力的低弱不能利用蔗糖而正常地生长,另一变种虽然生长良好但综合金霉素的能力几乎完全衰失,经混合培养后的菌体获得了较强的蔗糖转化酶的活力,同时改变了它对有机氮源的利用,和提高了金霉素的生产,朊水解酶的活力在混合培养后的菌体中要比二个变种的强得多。两个变种的混合培养进行单孢子分离的结果,分离出高产量的菌株,但是这种菌株在金霉素产量上常不稳定,经多次接种后有逐渐衰退的现象。作者认为选择适当的变种通过混合培养以提高菌体的生活力和抗生素的产量对工业微生物的菌种工作上将是一个有希望的途径。     

四环素生产菌抗噬西体面株的选育

从四环素生产菌金霉素链霉菌(Streptomyces aureofaciens) 849号菌株的不正常发酵液中分离出了噬菌体。这些噬菌体为蝌蚪形,对金霉素链霉菌具有专一性,并且裂解能力很强,命名为HF噬菌体。用N-甲基-N’-硝基-N-亚硝基胍诱变井结合噬菌体处理的方法,获得了一批抗噬菌体的金霉素链霉菌菌株,其中的一些菌株生产四环紊的能力不低于原来的敏感菌株,已用于生产。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因表达对金色链霉菌生长代谢的影响

利用四环素抗性基因启动子在金色链霉菌中表达透明颤菌血红蛋白基因。在1m3发酵罐中研究了工程菌株的生长代谢特性。在溶解氧充足的条件下,透明颤菌血红蛋白表达,对金色链霉菌生长代谢未产生明显影响,工程菌株与参比菌株的生长代谢特性基本一致,工程菌株和参比菌株金霉素最终浓度分别为22905u/mL、22896u/mL。在低溶解氧条件下,透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达,可促进金色链霉菌菌体生长、菌丝活力保持和金霉素的合成：工程菌菌体浓度比参比菌株高5％～10％,产物合成提高11.4％。     

金色链霉菌DM-1全基因组序列测定及去甲金霉素合成基因簇分析

金色链霉菌Streptomyces aureofaciens DM-1是去甲基金霉素的高产菌株。通过Genome Sequencer FLX系统进行测序,得到一条完整的线性基因组序列,长度为6 824 334 bp,GC含量为72.6%。结合软件glimmer 3.02、Genemark和Z-Curve program进行基因预测,最终在其基因组中鉴定出6 431个基因。应用AntiSMASH软件预测其基因组中存在28个次级代谢生物合成基因簇,其中包含了去甲基金霉素生物合成基因簇。其中甲基转移酶CtcK因移码突变提前终止翻译,很可能是去甲基金霉素相对金霉素 (CTC) 缺失一个甲基的根本原因。研究结果为S. aureofaciens DM-1的功能基因组学和去甲基金霉素高产菌株育种提供了研究基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.